I love you Egypt

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Zahi Hawass announces the discovery of 4 tombs in Saqqara dating back to 4300 years, the era of the pyramid builders And he worked as an inspector of personnel, supervisor of nobles, and priest of the hierarchical group of King Unas, the last king of the Fifth Dynasty. The tomb is colorful and contains scenes of daily life. The second tomb is of the so-called (Mary), and its owner holds many titles, such as Keeper of Secrets, and Assistant Commander of the Great Palace. Another cemetery was found for the priest of the hierarchical group of King "Baby the First", and 9 colored limestone statues were found representing a man with his wife next to him, as well as statues of servants and single statues, and no inscriptions were found indicating the name of the owner of these statues, and after several months of this Disclosure A fake door was found next to the location of the statues indicating that its owner calls "Messi" and that the statues date back to the era of the Fifth Dynasty. Hawass added that a well of about 15 meters deep was found, and at the bottom of the well a room was found containing a limestone sarcophagus of its owner called "Haka Shabis", and many stone vessels were found around the sarcophagus. And the discovery of a mummy of a man covered with gold foil, and this is considered the most complete and oldest non-royal mummy found so far.

Shavin El-Gamal the first moments of the discoveries in one of the Saqqara tombs. The age of these mummies is more than 2000 years

A winged statue of Isis in the form of a woman crowned with the Hathor crown (the sun disk between the two horns of a cow). In ancient Egyptian religious belief, Isis and her sister Nephthys became winged while searching for the body of her deceased husband, Osiris. And returned to life in this body. For this reason, Isis is revered as the protector of the dead in this winged figure which can be seen here. Greco-Roman period [332 BC - 395 AD] Material: Bronze

From the sayings of the wise Ptahhotep, who was serving as the minister of one of the 5th dynasty kings of the old state, he said: _Woman is wiser than men because she knows less and understands more. A good wife is a gift from God to those who deserve it A beautiful woman is not always good, but a good woman is always beautiful Teach the woman the man learns and the people learn

A unique shot that deserves first prize: It was taken from the depths of the sunken city of Heraklion near the coast of Alexandria in Egypt, where the woman in the statue appears surprised by the diver who broke her sanctity. The city of Heracleion was a major trading point on the Mediterranean in the sixth century BC. The city of Heracleion or Thonis is located 6 kilometers from the coast of the city of Alexandria, Cleopatra's sunken palace in Alexandria, meters from the surface of the water.

Ramses II’s will for his son Merneptah of Egypt is immortal, said by the great king of Egypt Ramses II in his will to his son Merneptah, the next king of Egypt, before he died. Ramses II said, “You, the next king of Kemet, know that you inherited from your ancestors a great kingdom on which the sun never sets, for it is the land of God.” The holy one that He made a light to the world, and God does not please his land to die, protect it from its enemies as your ancestors preserved it before "Egypt.... a land that does not die and a people... that will not perish."

Photograph of the interior of one of the chambers of the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun just after it was opened, 1922.
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The tomb was discovered in 1922 and had been completely intact since the pharaoh's death in 1323 BC.

Bia

One of the most beautiful statues of King Ramses the Great .. It was stolen by the Italian Giovanni Belzoni in 1815 and sold One of the most beautiful statues of King Ramses the Great .. It was stolen by the Italian Giovanni Belzoni in 1815 and sold to the English Consul Henry Salt and now the statue is in the British Museum in London .

King Ramses III between Horus and Seth, the highest ranks of coronation and priesthood. Cairo Museum. One of the most masterpieces of ancient Egyptian sculpture. The art piece is carved from a "rare" grizzled granite stone, more complex than carving a single statue.

July 15, 2022 - The discovery of the tomb of the commander of foreign soldiers in Abusir, evidence of the first real globalization in the ancient world, during excavations that were carried out in the archaeological area of ​​Abu Sir, south of Giza, next to the embalming cache belonging to a high-ranking person from ancient Egypt called Wahe-Ib- Ra Meri Nate, who held the position of "Commander of Foreign Soldiers" during the first real eras of globalization in the ancient world, the archaeological mission of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University found the tomb of Waheep-Re Merrinet, which can be dated to the period during Late dynasty 26 and early dynasty 27. Dr. Mostafa Waziri, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, stated that the main well of the Wah-ib-Ra Meri Nit cemetery was six meters deep, and its dimensions were approximately 14 x 14 meters, and the well is divided into several parts that separate them Bridges carved in the natural rock of the region. In the middle of the main well, another smaller, but deeper well was dug, which was used as a main well for the burial of the tomb owner. The burial well took an east-west direction, and its or***ce measures about 6.5 x 3.3 meters. Dr. Waziri added, "The design of this well tomb has no identical counterpart in ancient Egypt, but despite that, its architectural design is partly similar to the cemetery of Wadja Hor Rasant carved in the rock, which is located near the newly discovered cemetery, as well as the so-called Campbell cemetery. in Giza. Dr. Marslav Barta, head of the Czech mission, explained that in the lower part of the main burial well, at a depth of about 16 meters, a double sarcophagus was found, somewhat damaged and completely covered with sand. The outer sarcophagus of Wah-ip-re Merinet was made of two huge blocks of white limestone, and inside its cavity contained an Adamite-shaped basalt sarcophagus, with texts from chapter 72 of the Book of the Dead engraved on its upper part, describing the resurrection of the deceased and his journey in the afterlife. The basalt sarcophagus was 2.30 meters long and 1.98 meters wide. Dr. Barta added that the interior space of the basalt sarcophagus was found completely empty. Only an unengraved and highly sculpted scarab heart, as well as an amulet in the form of a headrest, were found inside the empty sarcophagus. The simple funerary belongings of the tomb owner were originally located on the western and eastern sides of the sarcophagus. Where the mission found in the eastern side many intact archaeological finds that were part of that funerary belongings and in their original location, which included 402 ushabti statues made of faience (and the ushabti are small statues that are supposed to represent the owner of the cemetery and perform services on his behalf in the afterlife In addition, two Canopic vessels made of alabaster were found, in addition to a model of faience for an offering table, ten symbolic cups and an ostraka made of limestone engraved with hieratic religious texts written in black ink. Dr. Barta pointed out that "due to the small size of the ostraka, the author of the text decided to cover it with brief excerpts from the spells of the Book of the Dead, which also formed parts of the ritual transformation, thus ensuring the existence of another life for the owner of the tomb in the other world." He added that the preliminary studies conducted on the well cemetery revealed that it was stolen in late antiquity, probably around the fourth and fifth centuries AD, as we confirmed this information as a result of finding two pottery vessels that were left in the main well. The ancient thieves also made a hole in the western part of the outer sarcophagus of Wah-ip-re Merrinet and smashed the upper (western) part of the basalt lid of the sarcophagus representing the face of the deceased, into many fragments, which were found around the sarcophagus by the expedition. Dr. Muhammad Mujahid, Deputy Director of the Czech Mission, confirmed that "although the archaeological excavations of the cemetery of Wa-ip-Ra Meri Nate did not provide us with many important archaeological finds or elaborate funerary items, this cemetery is considered unique and important." Adding that it provides new insight into the turbulent period of the beginning of the era of Persian domination of ancient Egypt. This in addition to the results of the ongoing research on the embalming deposit of the owner of the tomb that the mission found during the previous season, we can draw an idea of ​​the life, family background and career of Wahe-ip-re Merry Nate. He who most likely died unexpectedly during a time when his tomb and accompanying burial goods in the afterlife were still largely incomplete. Thus, both the architectural design of the tomb and its contents provide very valuable information about the significance and meaning of the components of funerary artifacts and tomb inscriptions accompanying the deceased in the afterlife.

Mut means “mother” in Egyptian, and Mut is a primal deity who wears two crowns on her head, each representing Upper and Lower Egypt. Also titled “She who gives birth, but was herself not born of any,” Mut is represented as a vulture in hieroglyphs. She is variously integrated with other deities and is often portrayed as a cat, cobra, cow and even a lioness. The mother of Khonsu, Mut and her different associations was worshiped by numerous different pharaohs.

The mummy of King Tutankhamun The burial chamber contained a quartzite sarcophagus containing three coffins inside each other in the form of a human being. The smallest of them was of pure gold and contained the mummy of King Tutankhamun. A quartzite sarcophagus that almost completely fills the room, length 5.08, width 3.28, height 2.75. The sarcophagus has three interlaced coffins in the form of a human and covered with gold plates. The largest coffins are 224 centimeters long and made of cedar wood and covered with gold leaf. The middle sarcophagus was decorated with gold plates and inlaid with precious stones. The inner sarcophagus was made of pure gold and inside the mummy. The golden sarcophagus weighed 110 kilograms of gold and had the golden mask of the face of King Tutankhamun. The mummy was wrapped with linen bandages containing more than 150 pieces of jewels, sacred amulets and necklaces placed Carefully his head was surrounded by a royal wreath of gold inlaid with jewels and semi-precious stones. His fingers and toes were individually covered with simple gold sheaths, and on his feet he wore a pair of ornate sandals made of gold. .

Merneptah or Merenptah (reigned July or August 1213 BC – May 2, 1203 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. He ruled Egypt for almost ten years, from late July or early August 1213 BC until his death on May 2, 1203 BC, according to contemporary historical records. He was the thirteenth son of Ramesses II, only coming to power because all his older brothers had died, including his full brother Khaemwaset or Khaemwase. By the time he ascended to the throne, he was probably around seventy years old. He is perhaps best known for his victory stele, featuring the first known mention of the name Israel. His throne name was Ba-en-re Mery-netjeru, which means "The Soul of Ra, Beloved of the Gods".

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"Ramses IV - Truly Ma'at Ra" is the son of King Ramses III. Ramses IV took over after the death of his father, but he was not as active due to the increase in the factors of weakness and dissolution that began at the end of his father’s reign. . What came in Harris' paper indicates that Ramses III had prepared his son, Prince Ramses IV, to take the throne after him; Ramses III called for his son, Ramses IV, to prolong the rule and to enjoy a happy reign. He also asked the men of his palace and his entourage to rally around his son and support him. He worked to please Amon and his priests, as he had two witnesses in Abydos, indicating his love for the gods, especially the god Amun. Two paintings were found for him, in which he indicates Ramses IV's literary tendencies, which distinguishes him from others. His reign was marked by the fact that he did not conduct any wars outside the country. Ramses IV sent two expeditions to the quarries of Wadi Al-Hammamat to bring huge pieces of stones to erect traces of him. Some inscriptions dating back to the second year of his reign were found by Ramses IV in Wadi Al-Hamamat. It was his first campaign in cutting and dragging stones. During his reign, the teams of Deir al-Madina workers doubled. a papyrus of the Elephantine is attributed to him; Accusations were recorded for a number of personalities, including the priest of the Khnum temple, who was charged with some charges such as bribery and violations of the sanctity of temples. A back room was built in the Temple of Khonsu in Karnak. Ramses has engraved some scenes on the pillars of the great pillared hall in the Karnak temple, and they are all religious scenes in which he presents sacrifices to the gods, especially the greatest god Amun-Ra. He was also found on the upper part of a sandstone statue of 75 cm in length at Karnak, which was found between the fourth gate and the obelisk of Thutmose I. His royal title is inscribed above his father's title on the facade of the great gate under the geographical list of countries he claims to have conquered at Temple of Habu. The name "Ramses IV" is engraved on the quarries of Tura. His reign lasted about six years. He knew from the Turin papyrus the design of the tomb of Ramses IV. It has been indicated that it is possible that the contents of the tomb of Ramses IV were stolen only a few years after his burial, because the priests, when they transferred the first group of mummies to the tomb of Amenhotep II, found only the sarcophagus of Ramses IV and hid it. The length of the mummy of Ramesses IV is about one meter and sixty centimeters, and the sarcophagus in which the mummy was, is painted white. It belongs to Ramses IV. It was revealed by Laurier in 1898 in the tomb of Amenhotep II in the Valley of the Kings. It is now displayed in the Mummies Hall of the Museum of Civilization. Studies on his mummy indicate that his age at death was fifty years.

Kom Ombo Temple The name "Kom Ombo" came from two parts; The first part is “Kom” meaning hill, and the second is “Ambo” which is distorted from “Anbu” or “Nebo” meaning gold. The Kom Ombo temple was built on the ruins of a much older temple called “Bir Sobek”, or the house of the god Sobek, where this area was It controls the roads leading to the gold mines, as it was known in Egyptian texts as "Ba-Sobek", meaning the seat of Sobek, in which it was worshiped since pre-dynastic times. The Kom Ombo Temple is located on a high hill in the small city of Kom Ombo, surrounded by fields of sugar cane and corn, but at the same time there are many ancient Pharaonic temples and monuments, including the Temple of Kom Ombo, and the Greco-Roman temple that directly overlooks the Nile, which is What makes any Nile cruise approaching the area pay a visit to the temple. The Kom Ombo temple overlooks the eastern bank of the Nile. The history of the establishment of the temple dates back to the Ptolemaic era. Its construction began in 180 BC during the reign of King Ptolemy VI, and work continued during the reign of some kings, including: King Ptolemy VIII, during whose reign the pillared hall was built, and the Roman Emperor Tiburius, where drawings and inscriptions were made. on the pillared halls. The ancient Kom Ombo temple was used as a hospital in addition to drawings of ancient games during the Pharaonic era, such as the game of fence on the wall. The Ptolemies built the temple of Kom Ombo to worship two gods, Sobek or "the crocodile god", and Horus, the "falcon god". This is why the complex consists mainly of two parallel temples that include all the traditional components of such ancient Egyptian religious structures. The Temple of Kom Ombo is one of the most important Egyptian temples due to its architectural and religious excellence as it was dedicated to two deities together, Sobek and Horus; Where the temple appears to be composed of two parts separated by an imaginary line, the northern part of it was dedicated to the worship of the Holy Trinity of Horus, while the southern part was dedicated to the worship of the Holy Trinity of Sobek. The temple was also distinguished by a set of important scenes, including the division of the temple with the knowledge of the goddess Maat, the goddess of truth and justice, and also a set of surgical and medical tools, and a list of holidays held in the temple.

The Gods Osiris and Atum from the Tomb of Nefertari

There were two ways to distinguish the child in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions:
» The first, as we can see in this inscription, is to find a braid of hair falling from the side of the head.
» The second is to see him put his index finger in his mouth.

This inscription is from the tomb of (Amun ḥr ḥbš.f) in the Valley of the Queens in Luxor, the eldest son of Ramses III from his main wife “Tyti”, and died when he was about 15 years old.

A statuette of bronze and gold depicting the god Ptah. It dates to the Third Intermediate Period (circa 1070-713 BCE). Ptah was a deity whose many aspects include those of a creator god and a god who listens to individuals' prayers. He was also the divine patron of craftsmanship.

Ptah was usually represented as a bearded, semi-mummified man wearing a close-fitting skull cap and holding an ankh-djed-was composite staff, symbolizing life, stability and power, respectively.

This piece (FGA-ARCH-EG-0464) is now in the Fondation Gandur pour l'Art, Geneva, Switzerland.

Photo (edited for size): André Longchamp / © Fondation Gandur pour l'Art, Genève

Thutmose III's invasion of Mesopotamia crossing the Euphrates and subjugating northern Iraq In the picture, the riots of the ancient world, which were subjected to Egypt in the era of the emperor (Thutmose III), a bound Babylonian captive symbolizing the country of Babylon, and a Kush*te prisoner (Sudanese), and a third inhabitant of the upper Euphrates (Assyria-Mitani). In the year of his thirty-third reign, the Egyptian king, the warrior Thutmose III, led the Egyptian army to invade Mesopotamia and cross the Euphrates River by boat in the largest war adventure in the Bronze Age, to then invade the Egyptian king in northern Iraq and the land of Assyria, which was subject to the Mitati state, after the escape of the Mitati king in front of the attack The sudden Egyptian invasion of Thutmose in northern Iraq, the leader of Assyria hastened to submit submission and tribute, and Babylon was also quick to send its tribute for fear of invasion, as did the Hittite kingdom of Khita in Anatolia. The Egyptian army remained for fifteen days in the north of Iraq, so that Thutmose destroyed the cities there to deter anyone who wanted to confront the Egyptian army, which collected a large number of captives from northern Iraq and the upper Euphrates. The number of six hundred and six slaves, along with a number of other captives, who were surrendered, with their wives and children. The tribute of the country of Assyria and Babylon: the tribute of the Prince of Assyria, a ram's head made of real lapis lazuli, and lapis lazuli, weighing fifteen kilometres, as well as metal pots. The tribute of the country of Babylon: The tribute of the Prince of Babylon was made of real lapis lazuli, and twenty-four bears of artificial lapis lazuli and Babylonian lapis lazuli. Sources: Raymond Faulkner: The Battle of Thutmose III of the Euphrates River. 2- Salah Rashid Al-Salihi, University of Baghdad: A Brief History of Ancient Egypt. 3- Nicholas Grimal: A History of Ancient Egypt.

Vignette from the 'Book of the Dead' of Ani (commonly known as the Papyrus of Ani). He was a royal scribe who flourished in Thebes during the 19th Dynasty (circa 1250 BCE). This item (EA10470,6) is now in the British Museum, London, England. Photo (edited for size) © The Trustees of the British Museum.

We see a group of wailing females at the center of a funerary procession. They are torn by pain. Their hair is undone, and tears pour down their cheeks. One could get a real sense of deeply felt mourning.

"A career in mourning was followed by many ancient Egyptian women. Those who could afford it employed professional mourners to grieve openly about the house while the dead person was being mummified, a process which took seventy days, and to follow the funeral cortège to the tomb. The mourning took the form of casting dust on the head, rending clothes and scratching cheeks while wailing.

Judging from tomb-paintings, the profession of mourner could start at an early age: in the tomb of Ramose at Thebes, for example, a group of mourning women has in its midst a very young girl. All are standing with upraised arms and obviously shrieking as loudly as they can - just as women in Egypt mourn today."

― Watterson, Barbara, Women in Ancient Egypt, Amberley Publishing Plc, UK, 2011.

A statement issued by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities: May 13, 2022 The joint Egyptian-German archaeological mission working in the Esna Temple succeeded in revealing for the first time the inscriptions, images and colors on the ceilings and walls of the temple, after completing its restoration and cleaning work within the temple restoration project. Mustafa Waziri, Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, explained that the restoration and cleaning work resulted in the emergence of original and bright inscriptions and colors located under the middle ceiling above the entrance to the temple located at a height of 14 meters. Nekhbet, the goddess of Upper Egypt from the Cape, and the other 22 have a cobra head and represent Wagit, the goddess of Lower Egypt, pointing out that no drawing or picture of this ceiling appeared before, in the previous scientific publication of the French Egyptologist Serge Sonron who recorded the inscriptions of the temple. Between 1963 and 1975. Dr. Hisham El-Leithi, head of the Central Administration for the Registration of Egyptian Antiquities and head of the archaeological mission from the Egyptian side, added that the temple’s colorful inscriptions had suffered over the past centuries from the accumulation of thick layers of soot, dust and dirt, in addition to the remains of birds and bats, spiders’ nests, as well as salt calcifications, which were left by factors The time has been nearly 2000 years, which necessitated the preparation of a restoration and development project for the temple to preserve it and its unique and distinct inscriptions, and to preserve this unique monument from the Roman era, with funding from the American Research Center in Egypt. For his part, Ahmed Imam, director of the restoration team, said that while cleaning the western wall frieze in the axis of the temple, the restoration team found a Greek inscription drawn in red ink that was completely covered under black soot, noting that preliminary studies of this text suggest that it dates back to the period of Emperor Domitian (81 -96 AD), where the inscription records the day and month (Epiphi 5), which corresponds to the reign of Domitian at the end of June or beginning of July, and it is likely that this was the time when the construction of the Temple of Esna was completed. .............................. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.