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Six (6) Leadership Principles that we can learn from an Eagles

1. Eagles fly Alone and at High Altitudes.
They don't fly with sparrows, ravens, and other small birds.

MEANING; Stay away from narrow-minded people, those that bring you down. Eagle flies with Eagles. Keep good company.

2. Eagles have an Accurate Vision. They have the ability to focus on something as far as 5km away. No matter the obstacles, the eagle will not move his focus from the prey until he grabs it.

MEANING; Have a vision and remain focused no matter what the obstacles and you will succeed.

3. Eagles do not Eat Dead things. They Feed only on Fresh Prey.

MEANING; Do not rely on your past success, keep looking for new frontiers to conquer. Leave your past where it belongs, in the past.

4. Eagles Love the Storm.
When clouds gather, the eagle gets excited, the eagle uses the storms wind to lift itself higher. Once it finds the wind of the storm, the eagle uses the raging storm to lift itself above the clouds. This gives the eagle an opportunity to glide and rest its wings. In the meantime, all the other birds hide in the branches and leaves of the tree.

MEANING; Face your challenges head on knowing that these will make you emerge stronger and better than you were. We can use the storms of life to rise to greater heights. Achievers are not afraid to rise to greater heights. Achievers are not afraid of challenges, rather they relish them and use them profitably.

5. Eagles Prepare for Training;
They remove the feathers and soft grass in the nest so that the young ones get uncomfortable in preparation for flying and eventually flies/ when it becomes unbearable to stay in the nest./

MEANING; Leave your Comfort Zone, there is No Growth there.

6. When the Eagle Grows Old,
His feathers becomes weak and cannot take him as fast and as high as it should. This makes him weak and could make him die. So he retires to a place far away in the mountains. While there, he plucks out the weak feathers on his body and breaks its beaks and claws against the rocks until he is completely bare; a very bloody and painful process. Then he stays in this hiding place until he has grown new feathers, new beaks and claws and then he comes out flying higher than before.

MEANING; We occasionally need to shed off old habit no matter how difficult, things that burden us or add no value to our lives should be let go of.

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Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccination generates a higher shedding risk of the vaccine strain in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) compared to the domestic goat (Capra hircus)

https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-019-0717-0/figures/2

Please vets (the warriors) take care of potential zoonosis when conducting postmortem diagnosis in the field

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Trypanosomosis/ Sleeping Disease/ 'Nagana'

Mainly occuring in Africa, Trypanosomosis, or Sleeping Disease, is a infection affecting both animals and humans.

The disease mainly occurs in areas where Tsetse flies inhabit. Tsetse flies infest 10 million square kilometres and affect 37 countries, mostly in Africa, where it is known as ‘Nagana’.

It is the most economically important livestock disease of Africa, as it can have a devastating impact on rural areas.

Cause

Trypanosomosis is usually transmitted through blood lymph and other fluids of infected animals. It is caused by Flagellated protozoan parasites that live in the fluids and tissue of its host animal.

Often the disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected tsetse fly which has been feeding on an infected animal.

Symptoms

Symptoms often begin to show four to 24 days after infection. The most important clinical sign is nonregenerative anaemia.

The major clinical signs are:

intermittent fever

anaemia

oedema

lacrimation

enlarged lymph nodes

abortion

decreased fertility

loss of appetite, body condition and productivity

early death in acute forms

emaciation and eventual death in chronic forms often after digestive and/or nervous signs

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Common Veterinary Disease and their Drugs

🔺️ ️Parasitic disease

➪ Cestodes
🔹️Niclosamides.
➪ Oxyuris
🔹️Albendazole.
➪ External parasites
🔹️Deltamethrin
➪ Mange in rabbits
🔹️Ivermectin +Sulfer oint
➪ Babesiosis
🔹️(Imizol/Avinazine)
➪ Thileriosis
🔹️(Butalex)
➪Toxoplasmosis in cats
🔹️Clindamycin
➪Coccidiosis in poultry
🔹️ Toltrazuril 2.5 % 3 ml/L / (Diclazuril + Amprolium+ Vit. K)

🔺️ Non Infectious Disease

➪ Best antinflamm.in cats .
🔹️Meloxicam.
➪ Best ttt of smooth inactive o***y.
🔹️GnRH (Receptal)
➪Ketosis
🔹️Ketonil
➪ Anemia
🔹️preparations containing blood tonics (e.g. Antoplex)
➪ Impaction
🔹️clanobutin Na +antihistaminic+Vit.B complex inj.
➪ Organophosphorus toxicity
🔹️Atropine sulphate.

🔺️ ️Bacterial disease

➪Eye infections
🔹️Enrofloxacin drops.

➪Wounds or abscess
🔹️penicillins +/- Streptomycin.

➪ Bacterial arthritis
🔹️ penicillin +Streptomycin + antinflammatory
➪Strangles .
🔹️ Penicillin+Genta+Dexamethazone.

➪Mastitis.
🔹️(Amoxicillin+Gentamicin+Fenadine)/(Amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid) /(Gentamicin)

➪Respiratory infections in poultry:▪️ 🔹️(Doxycycline 50% + Tylosin at doses 0.5 from each / L for 3 days) / (Norofloxacin+ Tylosin+ bronchodilator) / Marbofloxacin.

➪Respiratory infections in pets:
🔹️Cefotaxime (40 mg/Kg/every 8 hrs).

➪ Respiratory infections in large animals: 🔹️(Penicillin+Streptomycin) / (Tylosine+ Gentamicin)/ (Draxin + Finadyne).

➪ Bacterial enteritis in poultry:
🔹️(Colistin + Metronidazole).

➪ Bacterial enteritis in calves: 🔹️Sulpha-trimethoprim / (Amoxicillin+pipperazine citrate+ Finadyne).

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Diarrhoea and constipation.

When an animal passes watery droppings many times a day it has diarrhoea.
Animals with diarrhoea lose water and salt from their bodies. They become weak, thin and can die. It is common in young animals and kills many.
Constipation occurs when the animal cannot defecate or it passes droppings with difficulty.

Recognising diarrhoea.

Diarrhoea is a condition in which animals pass watery droppings (faeces) many times a day. The droppings are loose, runny and smelly and are a different colour from normal. Droppings can become dark green, dark brown or reddish black in colour because of blood in it. In some cases, e.g. rinderpest, the animal has diarrhoea which has a very bad smell.

Causes of diarrhoea.

Diarrhoea may continue for one or two days and then stop. This type of diarrhoea is caused by:
· The wrong feed was given to the animal.
· A sudden change in the animal's feed.
· Feeding silage can sometimes cause diarrhoea.
· Feed was old, rotting or fermenting.
· Diarrhoea can be caused by germs (a high body temperature may occur).
· Infection with parasites can cause diarrhoea which sometimes contains blood.

Diarrhoea in ruminants.

Diarrhoea in cattle, sheep, goats and buffaloes can be caused by:
· Germs and internal parasites, especially in young animals on pasture.
· Germs infecting the intestines of young animals (body temperature not usually elevated).
· Overfeeding calves with poor quality powdered milk
If cattle have diarrhoea and also have mouth lesions (not normal) you must ask your veterinarian for advice.
Diarrhoea in sheep and goats can result from:
· Infection with a germ (body temperature may be elevated).
· Internal parasites in young animals on pasture.
Young animals can show diarrhoea after weaning.

Treatment

Diarrhoea accompanied by fever is caused by germs. If the diarrhoea continues for more than two days and the body temperature has gone up (see Unit 4) you should ask your veterinarian for help. The animal may be treated with antibiotics (see R6, R7 Annex 1) or by sulpha drugs (see R9 Annex 1).
Diarrhoea will cause the animal to lose water and salts and if this is allowed to continue the animal can die. If you cannot get veterinary help you can give the animal a home treatment of rehydration fluid. To make rehydration fluid mix six teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt with 1 litre of clean, warm water. Give this as a drench (500 ml for sheep or goats) four times a day for 3 days.

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PARTURITION IN HORSES ( MARE)

Parturition simply means the process of giving of birth.
Maintaining the pregnant mare in the foaling location for 3–4 weeks before the expected foaling date will enhance the mare's immunity against pathogens present in the environment. Antibodies will be sequestered in colostrum for passive immunity in the newborn. Quality of colostrum will be improved by administering booster vaccinations 4–6 weeks before the mare's due date (also see Vaccination in Breeding Horses).

Mares benefit from foaling outdoors on turf, weather permitting. However, if climate or management conditions favor foaling indoors, foaling box stalls should be large (at least 3.5 × 3 × 3.5 m). The foaling area should have good ventilation and be well bedded with clean, dry straw. The walls should be solidly constructed and free of sharp edges. Regardless of location, the mare should be observed without disturbance.

Evaluation of the premonitory signs of parturition is useful but does not permit precise prediction of the time of delivery. The mammary gland starts developing 3–6 weeks before foaling and distends with colostrum in most mares 2–3 days before parturition. Colostrum may drip from the teats and dry to form a waxy material at each teat or***ce. This “waxing” develops in ~95% of mares 6–48 hours before foaling, but in some cases, it is not seen at all or it may precede parturition by many days. Before the mare foals, the calcium and potassium content of udder secretions increase, and the sodium content decreases. Water hardness chemical tests have been used to measure these in mammary gland secretions to predict parturition.

If a mare has had a vulvoplasty (Caslick operation) during pregnancy, an episiotomy must be performed ~2 weeks before parturition.

Stages of Parturition in Horses

It is critical to understand the normal progression of events during parturition. Abnormal events can then be identified and intervention provided as needed. Parturition is divided into 3 stages.

Stage I is characterized by signs of abdominal discomfort and restlessness due to uterine contractions. Patches of sweat on the flank and behind the elbows usually appear a few hours before foaling. The uterine contractions increase in frequency and intensity, causing the fetus to engage into the cervix and pelvic canal. The fetus rotates from a dorsopubic to a dorsosacral position before expulsion. Mares may roll during the first stage, which is thought to facilitate rotation of the fetus.

Increasing pressure in the uterus causes the chorioallantois to protrude through the internal os of the cervix. The chorion over the cervix is smooth—it does not have microvilli and is referred to as the cervical star. The chorioallantois usually ruptures at the cervical star, and the release of the tea-colored allantoic fluid marks the end of the first stage of parturition. In lay terminology, this event is referred to as the mare "breaking her water."

Stage II starts with the rupture of the chorioallantois and ends when the fetus is expelled. Second stage labor usually lasts 15–30 minutes. When the fetus engages the cervix, the Ferguson reflex occurs and stimulates the mare to have abdominal contractions. The allantoic fluid lubricates the canal, facilitating expulsion of the amnion and fetus. Vaginal distention causes release of oxytocin and further myometrial and abdominal contractions. The amnion appears at the v***ar lips as a whitish, fluid-filled membrane. The straining efforts of the mare consist of 3 to 4 strong contractions, followed by a short period of rest. During the actual expulsion of the foal, the mare usually assumes lateral recumbency with all 4 limbs extended.

The foal is normally delivered in an anterior, longitudinal presentation and dorsosacral position with the head, neck, and forelimbs extended. One front hoof of the foal usually precedes the other hoof by ~15 cm, facilitating passage of the elbows and shoulders through the pelvic canal. The foal is usually born with the umbilical cord intact and covered by the amnion, which is ruptured by movements of the mare or foal. If amnion remains over the foal’s nose, an attendant should remove it to prevent suffocation. If left undisturbed, the mare may lie for some time with the foal’s hindlimbs in the va**na. If the foal has not been delivered within 30 minutes of the rupture of the chorioallantois and release of the allantoic fluid, obstetric intervention is indicated.

Stage III involves expulsion of the fetal membranes. Normally, the fetal membranes pass rapidly (within 3 hours) after delivery of the foal. The weight of the amnion and cord may help the chorion separate from the endometrium. Progressive traction by the amnion and moderate uterine contractions originating at the tip of the horn cause complete separation of the chorioallantois, which may become inverted during the process. The mare may stand with the amnion hanging from the v***a at the level of the hocks or below. If the mare kicks at the hanging membranes, endangering the foal, the exposed membranes should be tied in knots to shorten the length to above the hocks.

If the fetal membranes have not been passed by 3 hours after parturition, oxytocin (20 IU, IV or IM) should be administered at 15- to 30-minute intervals until they pass. If fetal membranes are still retained at 8 hours after foaling, therapy for retained placenta should be instituted.

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Types of fever

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By strengthening and human health systems in their fight against 🦠 zoonotic diseases 🦠, the World Organisation for Animal Health and our partners are showing how the approach is a tangible and sustainable way to make the world safer for everyone.


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Normal Position/Posture of the Fetus in the Uterus

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How you will pass the Artificial Insemination Rod (AI Rod) into the Uterus of Cow/buffalo for Insemination.

Treatment and Control Strategies of Lumpy Skin Disease in Pakistan

Dr. Imaad Rashid , Dr. Mughees Aizaz Alvi, Samreen Sanawar, Hafiza Faseeha, Prof. (R) Dr. Ghulam Muhammad and Saba Rasheed

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

Lumpy skin disease (L*D) is a viral disease (caused by a virus of the family Poxviridae and genus Capri poxvirus) there is no specific treatment for this contagious disease. Symptomatic treatment is the only tool for temporary relief. Moreover, antibiotics and supportive care lend a helping hand in avoiding secondary bacterial infections, and anti-inflammatory drugs act as analgesics and appetite inducers. Antihistaminic drugs tend to reduce the allergic reaction. Immunity boosters like zinc, calcium and vitamin-C augment the immunity along with the supplements and multivitamins cover the nutritional deficits. Iodides are useful against secondary bacterial and fungal infections (treating lumpy jaw, wooden tongue, and necrotic stomatitis). Tri-iodide injection provides iodine, an important mineral for thyroid functioning, which accelerates reactions in many organs, hence helping in maintaining metabolism and sustaining growth.

1. Allopathic treatment
Following proposed treatment protocols might help in lowering animals’ suffering:
Drug Dose Route Brand name Mild Form Moderate Form Severe Form Days to be used
Iodine 900 mg per adult animal I.M Inj. Tri-iodide (research product by Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, FSD) Yes Yes Yes Administered alternate days for 4 times
Chlorpheniramine maleate 0.4-0.5 mg / kg b. wt I.M./I.V. Inj. Antil (Izfaar Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd, Lahore) Yes Yes Yes 6 to 7 days
Meloxicam 0.5 mg / kg b. wt I.M. Inj Meloxi-10 (Selmore Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd) Yes Yes Yes In case of fever
Enrofloxacin* 2.5 to 5 mg / kg b.wt I.M Inj Syvaqunol (Selmore Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd) No Yes Yes 4 to 5 days
Amoxicillin* 10 mg / kg b.wt I.M Inj. Primox 15 (Prix Pharmaceutica, Pvt. Ltd, Lahore) No Yes Yes 5 to 6 days
Ivermectin 200 micro gram / kg b. wt S/C Inj. Primec-10 (Prix Pharmaceutica, Pvt. Ltd, Lahore) Yes No Yes
Vitamin AD3E 10 ml I.M. Inj VAD (ICI Pakistan) Yes Yes Yes On alternate days for 4 times
Vitamin C 10 g per day per adult animal P.O Tab Cecon 500 mg (Abbot Laboratories, Pakistan Yes Yes Yes 7 to 8 days
*Use only one antibiotic (either enrofloxacin or amoxicillin),
Use liver tonics on day-8 after the onset of the disease. To this end, use five Tab Silliver 200 mg daily for 4 to 5 days. Note: Avoid to use oxytetracycline, gentamycin, tylosin, streptomycin and steroids.
2. Autohemotherapy
This medical procedure involves drawing blood from jugular vein of infected animal and infusing it back into the muscle. That would result in more macrophages being present in the body. They continually circulate through all organs with the sole purpose of locating and eliminating foreign substances.
Protocol
Draw 30 ml of blood from jugular vein. Inject 15 ml blood subcutaneously in the neck region and Inject 15 ml blood deep intramuscularly in the gluteal region. The treatment is repeated once in a week for four weeks continuously.

Control and prevention strategies of lumpy skin disease
1. Vector Control
Controlling vectors also helps in controlling the disease.
a) Flies and ticks control chemicals
i. Seguvan: It contains Trichlorophon 98% w/w. 1.5 gm Seguvan powder to be added in 1litre of water and carefully spray on animals also spray on floors, walls, ceiling, nests windows, doors and the other sites where the parasites of flies gather. 10 g, 100 g & 1 kg packings are available.
ii. Ectophon: Each gram of it contains Trichlorophon USP 980 mg. It is effective against a variety of ectoparasites including ticks and flies. 1.5 gm Ectophon powder to be added in 1litre of water and carefully spray on animals also spray on floors, walls, ceilings, nests windows, doors, and the other sites where the parasites of flies gather.100gm, 250gm, 500gm, and 1000gm packings are available.
iii. I-DMeth Solution: Each ml contains Deltamethrin 2.5%. For usual Sanitation dilute 40 ml is 100 Liters of water. For Ticks and flies use 500 ml per 1000 liters of water. Ticks: The first 2 treatments will be days spaced then the interval will depend on the infestation. Flies: One treatment generally ensures 6 to 8 weeks of lasting protection.
iv. Eco Fleece: Ecofleece is an emulsifiable concentrate containing the synthetic pyrethroid Cypermethrin. Eco fleece is effective against most of the important ectoparasites in animal husbandry. These include one-host ticks, multi-host ticks, cattle mange mites, nuisance and biting flies, etc. Ecofleece can be applied by dipping, spraying or brushing. For Spray on cattle (The whole body) 1 ml of Ecofleece to 1000 ml of water. For Spraying animal house 100 ml in 5-10 liters of water for each house 100 M3of floor or wall.
v. Regent: Regent 80%Wg contains Fipronil (80% W/W). It is an effective insecticide used for tick control in cattle and cattle housing.
vi. Imidacloprid: Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide that acts as an insect neurotoxin and targets flies.
Homemade fly spray recipe
• 1 cup apple cider vinegar
• 1 cup mineral oil
• ½ teaspoon lemongrass essential oil
• ½ teaspoon bitter orange oil essential oil
• ½ teaspoon rosemary essential oil
• ¼ teaspoon eucalyptus essential oil
• ¼ teaspoon clove essential oil
• 2 Tablespoons dish soap (for emulsifier)
• Combine all of the ingredients for the concentrate together in a storage jar.
• In a spray bottle mix it at 1 part Fly Spray Concentrate to 5 parts of water.
• Shake well before and during use.
• Re-apply daily.
b) Mosquito Control
Eliminate standing water, wastewater, and farmyard manure: Empty or remove containers that hold water - tires, birdbaths, lids, clogged gutters, planter trays, feed pans, water troughs, farm yard manure, urine etc. Drain and refill water buckets and troughs frequently with fresh water. Put lids on water storage barrels. Repair road ruts and potholes that fill with water. Farmyard manure is also the source of mosquitos.
c) Vaccination
Two types of L*D vaccine are available in Pakistan viz heterologous (live attenuated strain of capri pox virus and live attenuated strain of sheep pox virus) vaccine and homologous vaccine (live attenuated Neethling strain). The most reliable vaccine is homologous vaccine comprised Neethling strain. The available vaccine products vary in terms of quality, efficacy, safety, side effects, and price.
The most reliable and only method for the control and prevention of lumpy skin disease is vaccination. Healthy cattle should be vaccinated before the outbreak start. Calves born from vaccinated cows should be vaccinated from 6 months of age. However, calves born from non-vaccinated cows may be vaccinated at any age. Immunity starts to develop about 7 to 10 days after vaccination. Nevertheless, vaccine may not necessarily confer absolute immunity to all animals.

It is concluded that vaccination is the best way to prevent the spread of the infection in endemic and newly affected regions. Yet, in the event of an outbreak, selection of the best vaccine is a major challenge for veterinary authorities and farmers. The only method for successful control is early diagnosis and efficient vaccination.

Every year in Cinaksa east hararghe a lot of livestock lose their life during the first 4wk of rainy season . Cause is multifaced ranging from feed shortage to seasonal infectious disease outbreak. For excellent response the stakeholders must work to dry the root cause and shouldn't concentrate only on clinical cases (tip of iceberg)

Infectious Coryza

Characteristics:

It is a usually acute, sometimes chronic, highly infectious disease of chickens, occasionally pheasants and guinea-fowl, characterised by catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, especially nasal and sinus mucosae.

Causes and Transmission:

Chronically ill or healthy carrier birds are the reservoir of infection. Chickens of all ages are susceptible, but susceptibility increases with age. The incubation period is 1–3 days, and the disease duration is usually 2–3 wk. Under field conditions, the duration may be longer in the presence of concurrent diseases.

Infected flocks are a constant threat to uninfected flocks. Transmission is by direct contact, airborne droplets, and contamination of drinking water. Management has essentially eradicated infectious coryza from many commercial poultry establishments. Commercial farms that have multiple-age flocks tend to perpetuate the disease. Egg transmission does not occur

Signs and sypmtoms:

In acute cases, lesions may be limited to the infraorbital sinuses. There is a copious, tenacious, grayish, semifluid exudate. As the disease becomes chronic or other pathogens become involved, the sinus exudate may become consolidated and turn yellowish. Other lesions may include conjunctivitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and airsacculitis, particularly if other pathogens are involved

Treatment:

Sulphonamides, tylosin, erythromycin. Flouroquinolones should be used as directed by the manufacturer.

Prevention:

Prevention is the most effective method of control. Farms with good vaccination and isolation methods are the best way to avoid infectious coryza. Infected birds should be separated and treated.

Erythromycin and oxytetracycline are usually beneficial. sulfonamides, sulfonamide-trimethoprim, and other combinations have been successful.

ተከስቶ የነበረው የዶሮ በሽታ በቁጥጥር ሥር በመዋሉ ሕብረተሰቡ ዶሮና እንቁላል መመገብ ይችላል - ግብርና ሚኒስቴር

አዲስ አበባ፣ ሐምሌ 22፣ 2014 (ኤፍ ቢ ሲ) ተከስቶ የነበረው የዶሮ በሽታ በቁጥጥር ሥር በመዋሉ ሕብረተሰቡ ያለምንም ስጋት ዶሮና እንቁላል መመገብ እንደሚችል የግብርና ሚኒስቴር አስታወቀ።

የግብርና ሚኒስትር ዴኤታ ዶክተር ፍቅሩ ረጋሳ እና የኢትዮጵያ ሕብረተሰብ ጤና ኢንስቲትዩት ዋና ዳይሬክተር ዶክተር መሳይ ኃይሉ ጉዳዩን አስመልክቶ በጋራ ለኢዜአ መግለጫ ሰጥተዋል።

ሚኒስትር ዴኤታው ዶክተር ፍቅሩ ረጋሳ ፥ ባሳለፍነው ሰኔ ወር መባቻ በቢሾፍቱና በምዕራብ አዲስ አበባ የተከሰተው የዶሮ በሽታ ወረርሽኝ በዶሮ እርባታ ቦታዎች ከፍተኛ ጉዳት ማድረሱን ገልጸዋል።

በሽታው እንደተከሰተ ከግብርና ሚኒስቴር፣ ሕብረተሰብ ጤና ኢንስቲትዩትና ሌሎች ባለድርሻ ተቋማት የተውጣጣ ግብረ-ኃይል ተሰማርቶ የበሽታውን ሥርጭት የመግታት አፋጣኝ ምላሽ መውሰዱንም ነው የገለጹት።

በወቅቱ ለዶሮ እርባታ አገልግሎት ከውጭ የሚገባው የለማ እንቁላልና ዶሮና የዶሮ ውጤቶች ዝውውር ባለበት እንዲገታ የጥንቃቄ መመሪያዎች ለሚመለከታቸው አካላት መተላለፉን አስታውሰዋል።

በተጨማሪም ዶሮና እንቁላል አመጋገብ ላይ ሕብረተሰቡ ጥንቃቄ እንዲያደርግ ጥሪ መተላለፉን ገልጸው፤ በሂደትም የጥንቃቄ መመሪያዎች እየተሻሻሉ መሄዳቸውን ተናግረዋል።

በሽታውን ለመከላከል በተከናወኑ ተግባራት ምክንያት በሽታውን በቁጥጥር ሥር ማዋል መቻሉንም ገልጸዋል።

አሁን ላይ ምንም አይነት የበሽታ ስጋት ባለመኖሩ ሕብረተሰቡ ዶሮና እንቁላል ያለስጋት በማብሰል እንዲጠቀም ፤ ዶሮ አርቢዎችም በሙሉ አቅማቸው ዶሮ በማርባት ለገበያ እንዲያቀርቡ መወሰኑን ተናግረዋል።

ሆኖም በዶሮ እርባታ የተሰማሩ ዜጎች በማንኛውም ጊዜ የሚያደርጉትን ‘ባዮ-ሴኪዩሪቲ’ የተሰኘውን የዶሮ እርባታ ጥንቃቄ ሥርዓትን ባጠናከረ አግባብ መንቀሳቀስ እንዳለባቸው ተናግረዋል።

የኢትዮጵያ ሕብረተሰብ ጤና ኢንስቲትዩት ዋና ዳይሬክተር ዶክተር መሳይ ኃይሉ በበኩላቸው፤ በሽታው ከተከሰተ ጀምሮ በሰው ጤና ላይ ጉዳት ያስከተለው ጉዳት ካለ ለመለየት ከፍተኛ የባለሙያዎች ቡድን ተዋቅሮ በተጠናው ጥናት በሰው ላይ ምንም ጉዳት አለማድረሱን ተናግረዋል፡፡

በወረርሽኙ ምክንያት በመቶ ሺዎች የሚቆጠሩ ዶሮዎች መሞታቸውን ጠቅሰው፤ በዶሮና የዶሮ ውጤቶች እንቅስቃሴ ላይ እገዳ መጣሉ ደግሞ ዘርፉ ላይ ጉዳት ማድረሱን አንስተዋል፡፡

እንደ ዶክተር ፍቅሩ ረጋሳ ገለጻ ፥ ወረርሽኙን ለመከላከል የተከናወኑ ተግባራት የዶሮ እርባታ ሥርዓትን ማሻሻልና የአርቢዎችን ግንዛቤ ማሳደግ እንደሚያስፈልግ ትምህርት ሰጥቷል፡፡

Tips on how to maintain a good biosecurity systems in your farm:

Common infectious diseases of poultry such as Fowl pox, Newcastle, Coccidiosis and Marek's disease pose constant challenges to poultry farmers leading to incuring losses in death of birds or more cost on disease treatment.

Effective farm is the cheapest way to improve overall poultry birds health, cut the costs of disease treatment, reduce losses and improve farm profitability.

Biosecurity practices are farm hygiene implemented on poultry farms to reduce the risk of disease agents moving on to farms from outside sources (eg wild bird, rodents).

How Poultry Birds Get Infected with Disease

*Equipment
*People
*Vehicles
*Infected Poultry birds
*F***l material.
*Contaminated feed and water

It is important to keep your poultry birds in a clean healthy environment with minimal stress. The of biosecurity measures will help you maintain health of your poultry birds.

1. keep a visitors log book outlining details of visitors' name and date and recent contact with poultry farms.

2. Restrict farm visitors access to your poultry farm unless when necessary.

3. Litter must be kept clean and dry at all times, wet or dirty litter can contribute to pathogen development which can result to diseases.

4. Provision of foot washing baths at the entrance of each poultry pen for disinfection of footwear prior to pen entry.

5. Vehicles are at high risk for spreading disease. To reduce this risk:
I) Only have 1 entry point for vehicles.
II) Vehicles that may have visited another farm may be required to be washed down before entry.
III) Don't allow delivery vehicles to come inside the production area.

6. All poultry birds should be vaccinated .

7. New birds are one of the common ways to introduce disease into your birds. To reduce disease coming in with new birds you can take the following measures.
Use all-in and all-out program. This allows time to clean and disinfect all housing and equipment before new birds come in.

8. Birds used to stock a poultry house should preferably be obtained from hatcheries that are free from infectious disease.

9. Feed should be well stored to prevent access by wild birds and rodents. Spilled feed should be cleaned up immediately to remove attractants for wild birds and rodents.

10. Grass on and around the poultry pen must be kept cut because long grass attracts