𝗗𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗲

𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁 in keratin intermediate filaments
cause blistering diseases of the skin.
Defects in nuclear
lamins are associated with some types of muscular dystrophy and premature aging.

𝐌𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐧 Genetic
defects cause enlargement of the heart and
sudden death.

𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐥 enzymes Deficiencies cause many
severe congenital diseases where substrates of the
enzyme accumulate in quantities that can impair the
function of the brain, liver, or other organs.

𝐁𝐈𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐘?
The air you breathe and the food you eat all rely on biodiversity, which is in perilous decline because of us. What we do in the next few years will determine the fate of biodiversity, and life on Earth.

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥 is the only place on earth where the entire
range of life-sustaining biochemical reactions can function,
so an unbroken lineage stretches from the earliest cells
to each living organism

𝐓𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐨 (𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗲 (𝟭𝟱𝟴𝟱–𝟭𝟲𝟮𝟮), 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗮𝗰𝗸 (𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟵–𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟰)
𝗶𝗻 𝟭𝟵𝟲𝟯! 𝗜𝗻 𝟭𝟵𝟲𝟰, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗨𝗦 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗼𝗻
𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘀𝗺𝗼𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗵𝗮𝘇𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗵.
Spanish introduced to***co to Europe in 1518, it was John Rolfe.
Prior to the twentieth century, to***co was primarily chewed, snuffed, or smoked in pipes or ci**rs.
Smoking is an equal-opportunity health hazard affecting almost every body
organ. There is incontrovertible evidence that smoking increases the risk of
diseases of the cardiovascular system (heart attack, stroke), lungs (emphysema,
chronic bronchitis), and a wide range of cancers. The World Health Organization
has identified smoking as the greatest cause of preventable deaths worldwide.
Most smokers know these dangers and yet continue to smoke. Why? They are
addicted to ni****ne, a naturally occurring, behaviorally active compound
concentrated in the plant’s leaves. In the 1970s, Brown & Williamson, a major
cigarette manufacturer, developed Y–1, a crossbred mixture of N. tobaccum and
N. rustica that doubled the ni****ne content to 6.5 percent from 3.2–3.5 percent.
Y–1 continued to be incorporated in their ci******es from 1991 until 1999.
ci**rs. In 1883, ci******es were hand-rolled at four ci******es per minute. That
year, James Bonsack invented the automated cigarette-rolling machine that
turned out two hundred per minute, causing the price to plummet.

𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝟰 𝗕𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗖𝗘

The remains of fossils of microorganisms reveal that life on Earth began perhapsas early as 4–4.2 billion years ago.𝗕𝘂𝘁 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗱𝗶𝗱 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗻?
The process of abiogenesis (or biopoiesis), by which life arises from self-replicating abiotic (nonliving) simple organic molecules, occurs in severalstages: Small organic molecules, such as amino acids and nitrogen-containingbases, are synthesized from atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen, withenergy provided by intense sunlight or UV (ultraviolet) radiation. These smallorganic molecules are linked to form macromolecules, such as proteins andnucleic acids. The macromolecules are brought in proximity within protocells,vesicles that are precursors of living cells and surrounded by a membranecontrolling the cell’s internal chemical contents. Under these conditions,reproduction and energy-producing and energy-utilizing chemical reactions canoccur. In the final stage, a self-reproducing ribonucleic acid (RNA) is formedthat is required for protein synthesis and that can perform enzyme functionsneeded for RNA replication. The unique chemistry of these newly formed RNAmolecules makes them most successful in self-replication, allowing them to passtheir favorable traits to daughter RNA molecules.

𝐋𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐝𝐨-The term libido was originally used by the neurologist and pioneering psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud who began by employing it simply to denote sexual desire.

𝗘𝘅𝗼𝗰𝘆𝘁𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀-Exocytosis is the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane and results in the discharge of vesicle content into the extracellular space and the incorporation of new proteins and lipids into the plasma membrane.

𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐨(ɪɴꜰᴇᴄᴛɪᴏᴜꜱ ᴍᴏɴᴏɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴏꜱɪꜱ)-Often called mono or kissing disease, an infection with 𝐄𝐩𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧–𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐫 𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐮𝐬-present in saliva.

Hysterical (fugue) amnesia - this is a very rare phenomenon.
Patients forget not only their past, but their very identity. A
person could wake up and suddenly not have any sense at all
of who they are - even if they look in the mirror they do not
recognize their own reflection (the person in the mirror is a
stranger). All the details in their wallet - driving license, credit
cards, IDs - are meaningless. This type of amnesia is usually
triggered by an event that the person's mind is unable to cope
with properly. In most cases the memory either slowly or
suddenly comes back within a few days. However, the
memory of the shocking event itself may never come back
completely. It is important that doctors diagnosing patients for
epilepsy eliminate this type of amnesia from their list of
alternative illnesses.

What is Amnesia?
When people lose their ability to
memorize data they have amnesia.
Amnesia also refers to an inability to
recall information that is stored in
memory.
In simple terms, amnesia is
the loss of memory.

You don’t realize the power of a radiant smile.

Your smile is priceless.🦷

Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogen that is highly regulated in most countries.
Strongly associated with high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

ancient greek physician hippocrates.(460-370 BC)
Hippocrates is considered to be the father of modern medicine because in his books, which are more than 70. He described in a scientific manner, many diseases and their treatment after detailed observation.

Born in 300 BC Acharya Charak was one of the principal contributors to the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. Acharya Charak has been crowned as the Father of Medicine. His renowned work, the “Charak Samhita“, is considered as an encyclopedia of Ayurveda.

Dissection of human body was started by vesalius(1514-1564)on executed criminals.