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"Today marks the publication of yet another article on earthquakes; I urge you to read both pieces as they stand as guardians against the harrowing difficulties stemming from seismic upheavals."

How Earthquake-Proof Buildings Are Designed ?
How Earthquakes Impact Buildings
Before we look at the features of earthquake-proof buildings, it’s important to understand how earthquakes impact human-made structures. When an earthquake occurs, it sends shock waves throughout the ground in short, rapid intervals that extend in all directions. While buildings are generally equipped to handle vertical forces from their weight and gravity, they cannot traditionally handle side-to-side forces emitted by quakes.

This horizontal movement vibrates walls, floors, columns, beams and the braces that hold them together. The difference in movement between the bottom and top of buildings exerts extreme stress, causing the supporting frame to rupture and the structure to eventually collapse.

4 Methods for Constructing Earthquake-Proof Buildings
To design an earthquake-proof building, engineers work to reinforce the structure and counteract a potential earthquake’s forces. Since earthquakes release energy that pushes on buildings from one direction, the strategy involves having the building push the opposite way. Here are some of the methods used to help buildings withstand earthquakes.

1. Create a Flexible Foundation
One way to resist ground forces is to “lift” the building’s foundation above the earth through a method called base isolation. Base isolation involves constructing a building on top of flexible steel, rubber and lead pads. When the base moves during an earthquake, the isolators vibrate while the structure remains steady. This effectively helps to absorb seismic waves and prevent them from traveling through the building.

2. Counter Forces with Damping
If you’re familiar with shock absorbers used in cars, you might be surprised to learn that engineers also use a version of them in earthquake-resistant buildings. Similar to their use in cars, shock absorbers reduce the shockwaves’ magnitude and help reduce pressure on the building. They accomplish this in two ways: vibrational control devices and pendulum power.
Vibrational Control Devices
This method involves placing dampers at each level of a building between columns and beams. Each damper consists of piston heads inside a cylinder filled with silicone oil. When an earthquake occurs, the building transfers the vibrational energy into the pistons, which push against the oil. The energy is then transformed into heat, dissipating the force of the vibrations.
Pendulum Power
Another common damping method is pendulum power, used primarily in skyscrapers. To implement this, engineers suspend a large ball from steel cables that connect to a hydraulic system at the top of the building. When the building begins to sway, the ball acts as a pendulum and moves in the opposite direction to stabilize the building. Like damping, these features are tuned to match and counteract the building’s movement in the event of an earthquake.
3. Shield Buildings from Vibrations
Rather than just counteracting forces, researchers are experimenting with ways buildings can deflect and reroute the energy from earthquakes altogether. Dubbed the “seismic invisibility cloak,” this innovation involves creating a cloak of 100 concentric plastic and concrete rings and burying it at least 3 feet beneath the foundation of the building.

As seismic waves enter the rings, ease of travel forces them to move through to the outer rings. As a result, they are essentially channeled away from the building and dissipated into the ground.

4. Reinforce the Building’s Structure
To withstand collapse, buildings must redistribute forces that travel through them during a seismic event.Shear walls, cross braces, diaphragms and moment-resisting frames are central to reinforcing a building.
Shear walls are a useful building technology that can help transfer earthquake forces. Made of multiple panels, these walls help a building keep its shape during movement. Shear walls are often supported by diagonal cross braces made of steel. These beams can support compression and tension, helping to counteract pressure and push forces.
Cross braces attach to a building’s frame by bracing stud to stud in an X pattern to increase load capacity. The use of cross-bracing keeps buildings stable against high winds and seismic activity.
Diaphragms are also a central part of a building’s structure. Consisting of the building’s floors, roof and the decks placed over them, diaphragms help remove tension from the floor and push forces to the building’s vertical structures.
Moment-resisting frames provide additional flexibility in a building’s design. These structures are placed among a building’s joints and allow columns and beams to bend while the joints remain rigid. Thus, the building can resist the larger forces of an earthquake while still allowing designers the freedom to arrange building elements.
Earthquake-Resistant Materials
While shock absorbers, pendulums and “invisibility cloaks” may help dispel the energy to an extent, the materials chosen for a building are equally responsible for its stability.

Steel and Timber
For a material to resist stress and vibration, it must have high ductility, which is the ability to undergo large deformations and tension. Modern buildings are often constructed with structural steel, a component that comes in a variety of shapes and allows buildings to bend without breaking.

Timber is also a surprisingly ductile material due to its high strength relative to its lightweight structure.
Innovative Materials
Scientists and engineers are developing new building materials with even greater shape retention.
These innovative materials include:
Shape memory alloys can both endure heavy strain and revert to their original shape.
Fiber-reinforced plastic wrap — made from a variety of polymers — can be wrapped around columns and provide up to 38% added strength and ductility.

Engineers are also turning to sustainable building materials to help reinforce buildings. The sticky yet rigid fibers of mussels and the strength-to-size ratio of spider silk have promising capabilities in creating structures. Bamboo and 3D printed materials can also function as lightweight, interlocking structures with limitless forms that can potentially provide even greater resistance for buildings.

MY ARTICLE PUBLISHED TODAY :

"मेरा दिल नेपाल के लोगों के साथ है जब उन्हें एक और भूकंप के भयावह परिणामों का सामना करना पड़ा। चलो हम उन्हें अपने विचारों में रखें और प्रभावित लोगों की मदद के लिए सहायता के प्रयासों को समर्थन दें।"

Here are some precautions that people in recurring earthquake zones, such as those in Nepal, can take to ensure the safety of their families:

Earthquake-Resistant Construction: Ensure that your house is constructed or retrofitted to be earthquake-resistant. This might involve consulting with local authorities or experts on implementing seismic safety measures.
Emergency Preparedness Kits: Have emergency kits readily available in your home and easily accessible in case of evacuation. These kits should include essentials such as water, non-perishable food, first aid supplies, flashlights, and any necessary medications.
Secure Furniture and Objects: Secure heavy furniture and objects to walls or floors to prevent them from falling during an earthquake. Anchor bookshelves, cabinets, water heaters, and other large items to minimize hazards.
Family Emergency Plan: Create and practice a family emergency plan. Discuss and rehearse where to meet in case of an earthquake and establish an out-of-area contact person whom family members can reach out to for information or assistance.
Educate and Stay Informed: Stay informed about earthquake safety and response procedures. Participate in community drills or training sessions organized by local authorities. Keep updated on earthquake preparedness and response plans in your area.
Secure Shelter Locations: Identify and know the nearest safe shelters or open spaces where you and your family can go during an earthquake. Practice evacuation routes and drills with your family.
Teach Children and Vulnerable Individuals: Educate children and other vulnerable members of your family about earthquake safety and what to do in the event of an earthquake. Ensure they know where to go and what to do to stay safe.
Regular Safety Checks: Regularly assess and maintain the safety of your home and surroundings. Check for structural damage, leaks, or other vulnerabilities that could be hazardous in an earthquake.
Community Involvement: Engage with local community and government initiatives related to earthquake safety and response. Advocate for and participate in community-wide earthquake safety programs.
Support and Help Each Other: In times of distress, support your neighbors and community members. Collaborate and help each other in the preparedness and response phases of an earthquake.
Remember, preparedness is key in minimizing the risks associated with earthquakes. While it’s impossible to predict when an earthquake might occur, taking these precautions can significantly enhance the safety and security of your family in recurring earthquake zones like Nepal.

Hello everyone,

Really happy to share that a 10,000 sqft luxury residence we designed and built in Darjeeling was featured in Architect & Interiors India Magazine.

Please do check out the article for the pictures and full coverage:

https://www.architectandinteriorsindia.com/projects/douse-in-dreamy-darjeeling-views-that-surround-this-holiday-home

KMBD Architect & Engineers -Er. Binayamrit Mundra Group , Siliguri A leading integrated Architecture, Structural Design and Interior design practice, since 1993 offers

Hello everyone,

Really happy to share that a 10,000 sqft luxury residence we designed and built in Darjeeling was featured in Architect & Interiors India Magazine.

Please do check out the article for the pictures and full coverage:

Douse in dreamy Darjeeling views that surround this holiday home - Architect and Interiors India Perched on top of a private hill, the property is a 6-bedroom holiday home by Vaibhav Mundra, Binayamrit Mundra & Kavita Mundra of KMBD Architect & Engineers Consortium in Darjeeling.. Douse in dreamy Darjeeling views that surround this holiday home. architecture, darjeeling, design, holidayhome, in...

1212 Billers meets in one dot at Rameshwaram Temple Tamilnadu, India ❤️❤️ Interior Design is the art and science of understanding people's behavior to create functional spaces within a building. It is a multi-faceted...

Modern interior Design staircase

Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
opens state-of-the-art warehouse Located in Kanchenjunga Integrated Park , Fatapukur , Jalpaiguri, the 90,000-square-ft facility equipped with industry-leading technology and environmental systems.
“We’re pleased to create an efficient, technologically advanced and above all sustainable warehouse— the ideal site to store pharmaceutical products in an environmentally friendly way.”

Visit Us- http://kmbd.in

Visit Us- http://kmbd.in
Contact Us- 9434047719/ 0353-2540737

WALKTHROUGH FOR INTERIOR DESIGN 1

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR KITCHEN

KMBD ARCHITECT & ENGINEERS CONSORTIUM PVT. LTD. KMBD Architect & Engineers Consortium (P) Ltd., a Siliguri based firm with a highly qualified and professional team who are established Architects, Structura...

Visit Us- http://kmbd.in/
Contact Us- 9434047719/ 0353-2540737

Visit Us- http://kmbd.in
Contact Us- 9434047719/ 0353-2540737

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WALKTHROUGH FOR AN UPCOMING TRIPLEX HOUSE DESIGN AT UTTORAYON

Ready for ground floor