Titus Mwangi

Ethernet communication

Ethernet communication is currently the most widely used local area network (LAN) communication technology, using the IEEE 802.3 standard. Ethernet connects devices to a network through coaxial cables, twisted pairs, or fiber optics.

The data transmission rate of Ethernet communication can reach 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps or even higher speeds. Ethernet communication also supports full-duplex mode (Full Duplex), allowing data to be sent and received at the same time, eliminating the disadvantages of the traditional half-duplex mode.

Ethernet communication equipment

Switches and routers: They can act as network controllers, connecting multiple computers and even networks together to enable communication between different devices.

Gateways and Bridges: Connect multiple Ethernet networks together and enable cross-network communication.

Triassic 'tank' unearthed in Texas was a croc cousin that lived 215 million years ago Fossil discovered in 1989 found to be new species of aetosaur — a massive armored crocodile cousin that lived during the late Triassic.

Inductance is the ability of a conductor or coil to respond to changes in electrical current. When current passes through a conductor or coil, a magnetic field is generated, which in turn causes an induced electromotive force inside the conductor or coil, thereby hindering the change of current. This phenomenon is called self-inductance and is one of the basic characteristics of inductors.

①Unit: The unit of inductance is Henry.

② Application: Inductors are widely used in electronic circuits, communication systems, energy transmission and other fields. For example, used in filtering, impedance matching, energy storage, etc.

Principles of Wi-Fi Radar Technology

In fact, Wi-Fi radar is a new technology in wall-penetrating radar technology. Wi-Fi radar technology mainly relies on the propagation characteristics of wireless signals in space. When Wi-Fi signals encounter objects, phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and scattering will occur, causing changes in signal characteristics. Wi-Fi radar systems detect and track objects by analyzing these changes.
The system first captures the initial Wi-Fi signal, then captures the Doppler effect produced when the target object moves and changes, and compares the initial signal with the monitoring signal to determine the target's position and direction of movement.
-Fi -Fi radar

conductors, semiconductors, insulators
Materials can be divided into three categories based on their current conduction capabilities:

1.Conductor:

A material that easily conducts electricity (i.e., a material with high electrical conductivity and low resistivity)

2.Semiconductor:

A material with an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator

3.Insulator:

A material that does not conduct electricity easily (i.e., a material with a high resistivity)

The resistivity of conductors is about 10-8Ω to 10-4Ωcm, while the resistivity of insulators is about 108Ω to 1018Ωcm. The resistivity value of semiconductors is between that of conductors and insulators, that is, 10-4Ω to 108Ωcm.
The meaning of conductor, semiconductor and insulator:
Usually, objects with small resistivity (the resistivity range is about 0.01~1 ohm/m) and good conductivity are called conductors.
Objects with a large resistivity (the range of resistivity is about 10~10 ohm·mm/meter) and poor conductivity are called insulators. For example: ceramics, mica, glass, etc. are all insulators (also called dielectrics).
Semiconductor refers to a material whose electrical conductivity at room temperature is between that of a conductor and an insulator. For example: silicon, germanium, selenium, copper oxide, etc

Imagine such a drone in the village if there is no frequency mesh to deter or disable it

AI drone that could hunt and kill people built in just hours by scientist 'for a game' The scientist who configured a small drone to target people with facial recognition and chase them at full speed warns we have no defenses against such weapons.

There is a study claiming that aliens are observing us ,Not in in real time per sie but with a delay of at least 3,000 years due to the time light takes to travel across space.

Sad day for Kenyatta University Following a very Bad Accident at Maungu, on Nairobi Mombasa highway.😭😭😭

Classification of common resistors

①Classification by processing technology

Chip resistor: This resistor uses surface mount technology and is suitable for automated production. It is often seen in modern electronic equipment.

Plug-in resistor: traditional through-hole plug-in technology, suitable for manual or semi-automatic production lines.

②Classification by use

Universal resistor: suitable for circuits with general technical requirements, and the power is usually between 0.06W~1W.

Thermistor: A resistor whose resistance changes with temperature.

Varistor: A resistor whose resistance decreases sharply above a specific voltage.

Photoresistor: A resistor whose resistance changes with changes in light intensity.

Current-limiting resistor: used to limit the size of the current in the circuit.

③Classification according to resistance characteristics

Fixed resistor: The resistance value is fixed and cannot be adjusted. It is used in situations where stable resistance value is required.

Adjustable resistor (potentiometer): Its resistance can be changed by rotating the adjustment k**b or sliding the slider.

④Classification by function

Voltage divider resistor: used to reduce the voltage of a certain part of the circuit.

Current-limiting resistor: Used to limit the current through a circuit.

Sampling resistor: used for current detection and signal sampling.

In addition, there are some special resistors, such as sensitive resistors, whose resistance values are particularly sensitive to certain physical quantities (such as temperature, pressure, light, etc.), so they are very useful in applications such as sensors.

XMPP (The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) is a protocol based on XML, a subset of the standard universal markup language. It inherits the flexibility of development in the XML environment.

Applications based on XMPP are highly scalable. After expansion, XMPP can handle user needs by sending extended information, and build applications such as content publishing systems and address-based services on top of XMPP.Like my page for free trials

Understand simple and basic electricity.

The composition of BMS

The main components of BMS (battery management system) include hardware, software and communication network.

Hardware parts:

Slave control unit (BMU):

As the single cell management layer, it is mainly responsible for cell voltage collection, temperature node collection and battery balancing.
It is composed of a battery monitoring chip and its auxiliary circuits. It calculates and analyzes the battery's SOC (battery remaining capacity) and SOH (battery health status), achieves active balancing, and uploads cell abnormality information to the main control.

Main control unit (BCU):

As a brake control unit, it is responsible for controlling the power battery system and interacting with other control units.
Collect various single cell information uploaded by the BMU, collect battery pack information, and calculate and analyze the SOC and SOH of the battery pack.

Master control unit:

As the battery cluster management layer, it is responsible for the overall coordination within the system and external information interaction with EMS and PCS.
Control the operation process of the entire BMS system according to external requests.

FTU (Feeder Terminal Unit) is a feeder terminal unit. It is a device mainly used to monitor and control the feeder of the power distribution system. The FTU is generally installed on the feeder of the power distribution system to collect data such as current, voltage, power, etc., and monitor the feeder's state. Generally speaking, one FTU is required to monitor at least one feeder switch. The FTU can also perform remote control operations such as switching of circuit breakers. Through FTU, operators can monitor feeder status in real time, detect faults in time and take corresponding measures to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power distribution system

What is serial communication?

Serial port, generally refers to asynchronous serial interface (Serial Port), mainly used for serial bit-by-bit data transmission. The serial port is an indispensable part for those of us in the embedded industry. When we first started learning microcontrollers, the first communication interface we learned was USART (Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) - Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Serial line receiver/transmitter. Among the most common serial communication timings:

There are several communication parameters such as start bit, data bit, check bit, stop bit, baud rate, etc.

DTU (Data Transfer unit) is a data transmission unit, which is a device used for remote data transmission. It is usually used to transmit data from remote devices to a central monitoring system. DTU generally includes data transmission and processing functions, which can transmit data to the monitoring center or data center through various communication methods (such as GSM, GPRS, 3G, 4G, Ethernet, etc.). DTU is widely used in the Internet of Things, remote monitoring, and environment Monitoring, power systems and other fields.
Ebyte E90-DTU is a high-power wireless data transmission modem with the following functions: industrial-grade multiple software and hardware protection, industrial-grade all-aluminum alloy shell, using high power to break through distances and obstacles.

RTU | Remote Terminal Equipment Unit
RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is a remote terminal equipment unit. It is a device used to collect and transmit remote device data to the central monitoring system. It can collect sensor data and execute control commands. RTU plays an important role in industrial automation and monitoring systems for real-time monitoring and control of the status of remote equipment. Compared with PLC, RTU usually needs to have excellent communication capabilities and larger storage capacity, is suitable for extremely harsh environments, and can provide more computing functions. RTUs are commonly used to monitor and control remote equipment such as pipelines, substations, water treatment plants, etc.

Facebook Lite for Android This version of Facebook uses less data and works in all network conditions.

Erickson,
Siemens,
Nokia,Motorola,
Sendo,
Sagem,

Which other old school phone do you remember

What is serial communication?

Serial communication (Serial communication) refers to a communication method for bitwise transmission of data between peripherals and computers through data signal lines, ground lines, etc.

Features: The transmission of data bits is performed in bit order, and at least one transmission line is required to complete it; the cost is low but the transmission speed is slow.The distance of serial communication can range from a few meters to several thousand meters.

Keep tuned for the next post on Parallel Communication

Technology is Soo Dynamic.
Immediately the Two Main GSM Communication Companies were set up in Kenya,the competition was about

•per/sec vs per/min billing,
•phone locking to one operator,
•Availability and affordability of scratch cards.

Optical communication is a communication method that uses optical signals for information transmission. It is a communication method with high speed, large capacity, low loss and strong anti-interference ability, and has become one of the important technologies in the field of modern communication. In optical communication, the light source converts information into optical signals, which are transmitted through optical fibers, and the receiving end converts the optical signals into electrical signals for decoding. Optical communication is widely used in telecommunications, Internet, data centers, medical care, radio and television and other fields. With the continuous advancement of technology, the transmission rate and capacity of optical communication have been continuously improved, bringing more convenience to people's life and work.

Tears of the Times--
Universal Charger?

Speaking of the universal charger, it should be the unique memory of many of us who owned phones in late 2000s,early and late 2010s. The universal charger was a charging artifact that was popular in the streets and alleys. Almost everyone had one, but it gradually declined. Today, it has completely withdrawn from the stage of history.

From 2005,usage of mobile phones increased rapidly here in Kenya. However, problems also followed. Due to the inconsistent charging interfaces of various mobile phones, mobile phone chargers were not compatible. It cannot be used universally, and charging is very troublesome.

In this context, Universal Charger came into being. Take the battery off the back cover of the mobile phone, put it on the metal clip of the universal charger and align the contacts, and it would be revived after a few hours, and it became the new favorite of mobile phone users for a while.

When the universal charger works normally, the input voltage is 220V AC, and the output is 4.2-4.3V DC, which can meet the charging needs of most mobile phones. There are two adjustable metal contact springs, and a transparent clip to fix the battery. It seems a simple design, but it has become an essential accessory for thousands of mobile phone users.

But the good times don’t last long. With the design of Smartmobile phone integrated body becoming popular all over the world, most mobile phone manufacturers have followed suit and moved closer to the trend of integrated body. The battery cannot be disassembled. out of our view.

Today, the name Universal Charger is not even known to young people today, and the previous generation of kings has gradually been lost in the long history of chargers.

Have a good day

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) v/s Machine Learning (ML) v/s Deep Learning (DL)

AI is the big picture, Machine Learning is a way to make that picture come to life and Deep Learning adds the fine details.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) v/s Machine Learning (ML) v/s Deep Learning (DL)
Definition

AI - It is the demonstration of human-like intelligence
ML - It is an approach to achieving AI
DL - It is a technique to implement ML

Subset
AI - It is not a subset of ML or DL
ML - It is a subset of AI
DL - It is a subset of ML

Programming
AI - It requires complete programming to make the system
ML - It does not require any hard-core algorithms
DL - It does not require any programming to achieve something

Complexity
AI - It is more complex, as one has to know everything
ML - It is less complicated than AI
DL - It is effortless compared to AI & ML

AI - 1956
ML - 1980's
DL - 2000

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