KNOX

This is to inform friends and families and the general public that my Facebook account (Olu Olu Ola) has been hacked.
Please, kindly ignore any message received from the account. Below is the link to my new account.

https://www.facebook.com/olugbenga.ola.9?mibextid=ZbWKwL

Tap on the link and add.
Thank you for your cooperation.

This is the image of the hacked account.
Please share by spreading the news. God bless

This is to inform friends and families and the general public that my Facebook account (Olu Olu Ola) has been hacked.
Please, kindly ignore any message received from the account.

SCHOOL STATUS REPORT
This is to document the physical structures, contents and the staff. It will be used to assess the educational readiness of the school to carry out its goals.

It will include:
(a) Physical structures

(b) Class content (visual aids like wall charts, murals and models, blackboards, dusters, desks, chairs, maps, flowers, reference books e.g dictionary and encyclopedia)

(c) Library (number of books, number of chairs desks)

(d) Laboratories and art studio

(e) Toilets are very important for cleanliness and sanitation

(f) Drinking water

(g) Sport facilities

(h) Active clubs

(i) Staff rooms

(j) Head office

(k) Pupils per class

(l) Number of students and teachers

(m) Teacher-students ratio

n) Exhibition Centre

The report is to be updated regularly to monitor lapses and improvement.

Olu Olu Ola, PhD, FCBA

Please like, comment, share and follow for more content.

THESE EXCITING TIMES

These are dangerous and exciting times. The tide of change is at the flood. We live in an era of impermanence, when the old institutions-marriage and family possessions, and position in the world are becoming increasingly temporary. Fashions and life styles are adopted and discarded, knowledge is acquired and outdated, ideas are used up sooner and faster than ever before.

Survival depends on keeping your head on your shoulders and your feet on the ground. You need your bodily health, your mental balance, and a sense of direction. We have been studying the art of survival mainly in terms of practical measures against the physical hazards of diseases, faulty diet, unhealthy habits of living, and today's particular stresses. This is essentially the basis for without bodily survival there is nothing. But we are grappling with the new ills.

TO BE CONTINUED.
All in preparation for the incoming year 2024. Happy New Year in advance.

Olu Olu Ola, PhD

SPAN OF CONTROL

The scalar organisation involves several steps or tiers, one above another. The number of steps an organisation has depends upon the total number of employees at the bottom to be supervised and the number of subordinates each superior officer can effectively supervise.

Then, how many persons work can a supervisor effectively supervise? This is the problem of spam of control. By 'span of control'. By span of control, we mean the number of subordinates an officer can effectively supervise. The span of control is related to the psychological problem of the 'span of attention'. None of us can attend to more than a certain number of things at the same time. The number to which one can attend is one's 'span of attention' applied to the work of supervision and control of subordinates.

There is no agreement among writers on administration about the exact limit of the span of control. Sir Ian Hamilton based on his military experience put the limit at 3 or 4 only. L. Urswick thinks that at the higher levels, no supervisor can supervise directly more than 5 to 6 subordinates whose work, interlocks, but lower down, where the work is of a more simple and routine nature, the span of control varies from 8 to 12. Lord Haldane and Graham Wallace thought that a chief executive could supervise 10 to 12 subordinates without working excessively burdened.

So, neither administrative theory nor practice can lay down a definite number constituting the span of control. Notwithstanding there are general points of agreement about the problem.

a. It is agreed that a span of control does exist at each level of supervision, and it can not be exceeded without the danger of a breakdown.
b. It is agreed and recognised that the span of control varies with four factors: function, personality, time and space.

Prof. Olu Olu Ola

WHAT I DID NOT KNOW WHEN I WAS A MANAGER
Advice for young Managers

How do you 'get on' at work? Aside hard work and exploiting natural ability and emotional intelligence, what is the best way to climb the greasy corporate pole to senior manager and board director level?.
The two central tasks/objective for anyone in the work place are getting along with and getting ahead of your peers. The question is, how is the best achieved.
What advice should wise, been- there- done- that senoir executives give to their younger colleagues? Indeed what do they say to their sons and daughters at the appropriate time to help them benefit from their experience?
Advice of this sort comes in various versions;
I. Chin-up school of 'do your best'.
II. 'Play up, play up'
III. 'Play the game'
Others might indulge in cynicism suggesting various unethical, casting couch-type techniques to achieve one's ends.
For those genuinely interested in this issue, the central question is whether the strategy depends on the organization in short should the advice be different depending on whether it is aimed at;
People in big vs small, Private vs Public sector, tall vs that organisations... or is it the same for all?
While it may be true that corporate culture does affect style, it probably does not influence contents. So what are the seven secrets of successful young people at work?
1. As quickly as possible, become, or at least appear to be , indispensable .
2. Always be a committed, open, enthusiastic team player.
3. Work out the real power structure, establish useful alliances and find soulmates.
4. Be positive, don't whine and never get caught gossiping.
5. Know when to attract and avoid the limelight.
6. Manage up and across well as down.
7. Keep your options open your CV updated and your skill-set sharp.
Prof. Olu Olu Ola.

PURPOSE
The word in application
Application to existence
Life in inquiry
Questionless is it
Purpose for all
The existential Purpose
Purpose of man's toil

Toil so exerting
So much!
So little recompense
Recompense so little
Little and Vanishing
Fading and temporary
Temporary!
And unreliable
Of what Purpose?
Inquiry unanswered.

The heart asks pleasure first
And then excuse from pain
And then those little Anodynes
That deaden suffering
And then, if it should be
The will of it's inquisitor
The privilege to die.
Prof. Olu Olu Ola.

HIERACHY OR THE SCALAR PROCESS
Hierarchy means the rule or control of the higher over the lower- graded organization of successive steps or levels, in which each of the lower levels is immediately subordinate to the next higher one and through it, to the other higher steps right up to the top. In such an organization, authority, command and control descend from the top downward step by step to the bottom. It is an essential principle of hierarchy that no intermediate level should be skipped over in the dealings of the people at the top with those lower down or vice versa. Just as in ascending up or descending down a ladder, the foot must be placed on the step immediately above or below and no intermediate step can be jumped over without the danger of stumbling and falling.

Illustration below:-
Here A is the head of the organisation. B is A's immediate subordinate but is also mediately subordinate to A through B. D is immediate subordinate to C, but mediately also to A & B and so on.
In the technical language of administration the hierarchical principle is also called the scalar principles or process.
Prof. Olu Olu Ola

NOW THAT IT GREYS
Symbolic!
Here it comes
Grey it is
Mixed feelings it is
Welcome to maturity
Reminder it serves

Reality of age advancing
End beckoning
End of all mortals
End of unworthy struggle
Struggles that never ends
Never End until the call
Return to the creator

Now that it greys
Manifestation uninvited
Uninvited guest of the aged
Aged in number
Number and wisdom

Salute I! My grey
Silky it is
Welcome my silky grey
Thank the creator
For the grace
Grace to Welcome
Welcome my silky, precious grey.
Prof. Olu Olu Ola.

UNIQUENESS OF A DATE

Today just like another
Looking ordinary
Yet unique
It's uniqueness
Not in the weather
No not in the routine.

The uniqueness in the date
Date that reminds
Reminder of the creator
Creator and His creatures
Creatures of which I am one
One created uniquely by Him
Him that is the unique.

Reminder of the questions
Questions that agitates
Agitate the feeble mind
Feeble mind that is lacking
Lacking in answer
Why is the question
Questions why I mean.

Why the existence
Why the trouble
Why the sojourn
Why the struggle
Why the cosmos
Why the joy
Why the sadness
Why the success
Why the failure
Why the laughter
Why the sorrow
All Why

Uniqueness of date
Uniqueness of Reminder
Reminder of a journey
Journey full of questions
Questions beyond answer
Answers that belong to the creator
Journey so short ,but look very long

Journey across this puzzle
Puzzle in all
All days
All weeks
All months
All years
Years I have been opportuned
Opportune to spend
Spend transversing .

Happy birth date to me.

INTOLERANCE
The word
I proclaim
You exhibit
We express
When shall we learn
When shall the world learn.

Embrace one another
Embrace one another
Embrace not this hatred
Hatred of who you are
Hatred created by colour
Colour of your skin
Hatred of you,for your belief.

Hatred borne out of tribal call
Hatred borne out of diversity of beliefs
Hatred! Hatred! Hatred!

When are we going to learn
Learn that your colour is not your fault
That my tribe is not my making
That his beliefs is a personal conviction
That my colour I am free to exhibit
That his tribe, is his
Learn that my belief is personal to me

God you call it, Spirit I
Call it, nature they say it is
is all the way I see it, is
All the way you see it, is all
The way we understand it.
Prof. Olu Olu Ola.

ELERINLA HILL

Having gone through the 36 states of the federal Republic of Nigeria, India and Australia, I thought I have seen enough of the wonderful works of God. But, when i visited this beautifully crafted place, named ELERINLA HILL located in Igbajo/Ikoro Road, Igbajo, Boluwaduro local government, Osun state, I realised more of the greatly we are naturally endowed. Talk of the river you go through before climbing,the rich vegetation around and on top of the hill, the wonderful flowers (including knox that is synonymous with Australia.) on the top of the hill and various kinds and species of animals and birds that move freely.
What a beauty to behold!

NOW THAT CAMPAIGNS ARE HERE.
It has been hell on earth for majority of Nigerians in the last 7½years. Innocent, hardworking and ever hopeful Nigerians have gone through the most excruciating years of their lives. It has never been as bad as this honestly. With the exchange rate of naira getting volatile each day,corruption everywhere, insecurity, kidnapping and cyber crime replacing all forms of legitimate businesses, public debt hitting 42.84 trillion naira in the first half of 2022,oil theft of about 400,000 barrels per day and other mirades of unresolved problems. The campaigns must not be business as usual,where all you hear is only songs, character assassinations, political banditry,sharing of naira notes and other things for ,the ignorant, poverty striking,deceived and ever ready to dance women. Rather, let us begin to have issue based campaign,let contenders come out to tell us how they hope to look at Nigeria problems minutely. Nigerians need answers to so many questions .
Unserious and unsettled political parties and their members cannot provide solutions to Nigeria problems. Nigerians are not created to suffer or are we? Electorate, let us be alive to our responsibilities for once .You have for long finish the modules of rice you collected in exchange for votes. Stand up for your rights, you cannot allow another 8years of your existence to be wasted .Future leaders they called us when we were undergraduates, but now we are grandfather's .when will this future come?
Wake up! the time is now.i am just thinking aloud.
Dr. Olu Olu Ola

EROSION
What I see is erosion
Rain of modernization
Rain of modernization
Dripping! Dropping!

Dripping and Dropping
Resulting in erosion
Erosion of our heritage
Heritage so precious
Precious and preserved.

Preserved by our progenitors
Progenitors who preserved
Preserved our heritage
Heritage so precious.

Precious they are
Our dresses
Precious they are
Our language
Precious they are
Our culture
Precious they are
Our religion.

Here comes the erosion
Erosion of modernization
Modernizationof Ignorance
Ignorance so cheap
Cheap but strong
Strong enough to erode
Erode all
All the precious.

All the precious
Precious Culture !
Precious Language !
Precious dresses!
Precious Traditions!

Olu Olu Ola

ALONE I STOOD
Alone I stood
Stood when I arrived
Arrived the jungle
Jungle of inconsistency
Inconsistency in all
All that is called the world.

All Alone I remain
Remain to face the jungle
Jungle of uncertainty
Uncertainty from cradle
Cradle to the grave.

All Alone in the grave
Grave of loneliness
Loneliness of Alone
Alone that I will stand.

Alone I shall stand
Stand before the sender
Sender of All.

All that ever stood
Stood Alone
Alone for the sender
Sender who sent All
All Alone
Alone I will stand.

Olu Olu Ola.

SEIZE THE DAY
There is no "magic age" at which excellence emerges or quality surfaces;
1.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of independence at 33.
2.Benjamin Franklin wrote Poor Richard's Almanac at 26.
3.Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist at 25.
4.Isaac Newton formulated the law of gravitation at 24.
5.Emmanuel kant wrote his finest philosophical work at 74.
6.Verdi produced FALSTAFF at 80
7. Michelangelo completed his greatest at 87
8.Justice Holmes was still writing brilliant supreme Court opinion.
SEIZE THE DAY PLEASE! IT IS NEVER TOO EARLY NOR TOO LATE.
OLU OLU OLA.

SLAVERY

Not of the flesh
Not of war
Not of law
Not of volition
But of minds
Mind so captivated
Captivated by indoctrination

Indoctrination in the service
Service attributed
Attributed to the unseen
Unseen spirit I mean
Unseen spirit known
Known by appellations
Appellation of man

Spirit is he
Unseen,unheard,yet recognised
Slavery of the mind
Minds that are held
Held captive
Captivity of souls

Captivity of souls
Souls fighting for the unseen
Unseen! Unseen!
Yes! Unseen
Unseen but dictating
Dictating and instructing
Instructing they claim
Indoctrination its weapon

Slavery of minds
Slavery so led
Led not only to killings
Killings!the result of wars
War accompany by destructions
Destruction of the creatures
Creatures of the Unseen being
Unseen being they claim
Send to enslave
Enslave minds
Minds and souls led into Slavery
Slavery that is mental.

Olu .Olu .Ola

TELL HIM

Tell him
Tell Olasupo
Tell him
Tell Joseph

Tell him
That it's been long
That the days continue to run
That the months refuse to halt
That
the years run unabated
That it's 1 to 35years
35years like yesterday
There you lie on your sick bed
😫 and I could not help
Little and unarmed
Tell him, I remember
Remember his
Last moment 💔

Tell him
I remember his last words
Tell Olasupo that I cared,
But in want
Tell him ,I loved
But lacked
Tell him

That I am grown
Grown to be a man
Man that he wished
Tell him
That his lessons
Is an ⚓

Tell him
I have posthumous titles for him
Grand father and great grandfather

Tell him
I have attained
His desires for me,
To conquer ;
Conquer ignorance
Conquer poverty

Tell him
That I hold on
To his beliefs
Tell him!
Queen Elizabeth
Please tell him
That human beings
Remain human

Tell him
Tell my dear Joseph
Tell my dear Olasupo
Tell Olasupo baba mi.

Bi mo waye nigba egbefa
Bi mo waye nigba egbeje
Olasupo baba mi ni o si ma je.
Ni o si ma je o
Ni o si ma je
Olasupo baba mi ni o si ma je.
Meaning
If I am opportune to reincarnate for 1200 or 1400 times, I will definitely choose Olasupo to be my father.
Prof. Olu Olu Ola.

TELL HIM
Tell him
Tell Olasupo
Tell him
Tell Joseph
Tell him
That it's been long
That the days continue to run
That the months refuse to halt
That
the years run unabated
That it's 1 to 35years
35years like yesterday
There you lie on your sick bed
😫 and I could not help
Little and unarmed
Tell him, I remember
Remember his
Last moment 💔
Tell him
I remember his last words
Tell Olasupo that I cared,
But in want
Tell him ,I loved
But lacked
Tell him
That I am grown
Grown to be a man
Man that he wished
Tell him
That his lessons
Is an ⚓
Tell him
I have posthumous titles for him
Grand father and great grandfather
Tell him
I have attained
His desires for me,
To conquer ;
Conquer ignorance
Conquer poverty
Tell him
That I hold on
To his beliefs
Tell him!
Queen Elizabeth
Please tell him
That human beings
Remain human
Tell him
Tell my dear Joseph
Tell my dear Olasupo
Tell Olasupo baba mi.

Bi mo waye nigba egbefa
Bi mo waye nigba egbeje
Olasupo baba mi ni o si ma je.
Ni o si ma je o
Ni o si ma je
Olasupo baba mi ni o si ma je.
Meaning
If I am opportune to reincarnate for 1200 or 1400 times, I will definitely choose Olasupo to be my father.
Prof. Olu Olu Ola.

Heartfelt Pain

Down my heart
The pain abides
Pain of old
Old so stick
Stick! Tormenting

Torments!
Of things
Things not done
Not done.
Ignorance it is
Ignorance!

Pains! Of Love
Love unrecompensed
Pain! Of joy
Unceleberated
Pain! Of help
Unrendered
Pains! Of trips
Not made

Pains! Of opportunities
Unused.
Pains! Of friends
Not made.
Pains of undanced
Dance.
Pains! Of care
Denied

Heartfelt Pain
Heartfelt groan
Groan of Pain
Pain of groan
Pain that remains
Groan the sticks
Groan and Pain
That burdens
Burdens!
The heart
Burdens!
Till the mother earth
Beckons.

Olu Olu Ola

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.
Every community has its Social Environment. Social Environment is always based on institutions, pattern of association, class, cultures, traditions, beliefs, histories, values etc. which seriously influences its public admistration. And these are purely human factors in public administration which is the product of its society. The attitude a public administrator developed socially shapes his decisions in public service. The administrator's approach can hardly be viewed in isolation from his social background,values,and attitude which have serious influences on his decision making.
Notwithstanding the above civil servant trained with particular level of isolation from the rest of the society can develop their own value system different from that of the parent society.

PLACE OF ASSOCIATION:-
Societies have their various voluntary associations which may include trade unions, professional bodies, Religions groups, cooperative groups, age grades, neighbourhood associations,and extended family associations e.t.c. each association having a specific function or set of objectives members having certain right and privileges in exchange for duties and responsibilities.
It is through these associations that the bureaucrats keep themselves informed as to what public opinion on a particular programme is. According to Prof. Riggs "The consequences of the linkage with associations are of the utmost importance. On the other hand, a system of insistent pressures keeps the administrator alert and responsive, providing him with information and making him even conscious of the audience which stands ready to condemn or reward. Conversely associations provide the administrator with a weapon of incalculable power to assist him in the implementation of government programmes. Thus, the association also pattern, while fundamentally shaping the conduct of administration, serves also to multiply its effectiveness
Dr. Olu Olu Ola.

MANAGEMENT DESIDERATA

Initially, it was called "work satisfaction, then commitment" and now 'engagement' its opposite is alienation in the workplace.

Managers expect staff to be fully committed to the aims of the organisation, Happy in their work and totally engaged in what they are doing.

Research in this area shows pretty consistent findings. So why it is that Supervisors and managers do not perform their duties so as to maximise the commitment and engagement of their staff?

There are essential and basic things a manager needs to do to maximise engagement, a DESIDERATA for the director/decision-maker/desktop.

1. Let every person know what is expected of them in terms of their process and products. All people have hopes and expectations about promotion, about change, about what their organisation should be doing for them (and they, for the organisation). These expectations need be managed.
2. Give people the tools for the job. Keep them up to date. In summary give technical and informational support.
3. People love to celebrate their skills, so, give people opportunities to learn and shine at what they are good at.
4. Be generous but targeted in praise. Celebrate success. Notice and praise individuals when they have in extra effort. And do it openly, naturally and regularly.
5. Listen to your employees. They often have very good and innovative ideas. Their voice must be heard.
6. Help them believe in the purpose or product of the organisation.
7. Encourage friendship formation at work friends are a major source of social support.
8. Talk to people about their progress. Give them a chance to let off steam. Never assume management has a monopoly on the truth. Encourage camaraderie. Help people who are social animals relate to each other and pull together. Do all the above and you will have an engaged workplace.

Dr. Olu Olu Ola

THE GOVERNMENT CORPORATION
The Government corporation is the result of efforts to import into government the organisation and the practices of private business. It is a matter of reality that the modern state has found itself compelled to undertake business enterprises of various kinds in the public interest. To enable the government enterprises to be run as business concerns, it was felt necessary to create a new type of organisation for the purpose, and the government corporation was the result.
Government corporation differs from department in 2 ways:
1. They have a certain level of autonomy in their internal varies.
2. The corporation are free to hire and fire personnel as they think best. They have considerable budgetary and financial freedom, and often have their own independent fund or means of revenue. Their accounts are subjected not to governmental but commercial audit.
Government corporation also are comparatively new in the field of administrative organisation. The oldest existing government corporation in the USA is the Panama rail road company which came into existence in 1903,but the present number of such corporations in USA is said to be well over hundred presently.
In India, the first governmental corporation was the reserve Bank of India established in 1935. In sub-sahara Africa, most especially in Nigeria, there were scores of corporations that sprang up few years after independence. The likes of:
a. Water corporation in different state of the federation
b. Railway corporation
c. Broadcasting corporation
d. Nigerian port authority(NPA)
e. Nigerian television authority (NTA)
f. Power holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN)
g. Federal radio corporation of Nigeria (FRCN)
h. The Nigerian national petroleum corporation
Over the years, some of these government owned corporations are gone down considerably, some are completely extinct while some have been sold out to become limited liability companies. A good example is ECN(Electric corporation of Nigeria)that later became NEPA (National electric power authority) that later transform to PHCN (Power holding company of Nigeria) and now unbundled into many limited liability companies.
It must be noted however that in the 3rd world countries, managers of these government corporation have carried the civil service mentality of bureaucracy and redtapism into most of these corporation and thereby hinder the corporation from achieving the desired result.
Dr. Olu Olu Ola

PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATION
Over the years, administration experts have evolved certain maxims from generally accepted understanding which may be termed principles of organisation.
These are guideline principles for planning an efficient organisation structure. These principles are:
1. Determination of Objectives:-The objective of the organisation influences its structure.
2. Division of Works:-This can be called divisions of labour and specialisation.
3. Definition of Jobs:- Every position in the organisation should be clearly defined.
4. Unbroken line of authority:-It signifies the scalar principles of the chain of command.
5. Unity of command:-Employees should not report to more than one superior.
6. Span of control:- Supervisors and superiors are not suppose to supervise more subordinates than they can effectively and efficiently manage because of limitation in time and ability.
7. Parity of authority and responsibility:-Adequate authority should be given/delegated to aid performance of duties.
8. Flexibility:- The structure of the organisation must be adaptable to change not straight jacket.
9. Stability:- The organisation should be as stable as possible for continuity sake.
10. Continity:- Structured to have continuity of operations.
11. Delegation of Authority:- Adequate authority should be delegated.
12. Coordination:- Subdivided activities should be systematically interrelated.
13. Management by exception:- Only those problems which involve unusual matters and policy decisions should be referred to the higher level.
Dr. Olu Olu Ola

FOR YOUNG MANAGERS

The two major task for anyone in a workplace are;
i. Getting along with your peers.
ii. Getting ahead of your peers.

Then, what advice should wise and experienced (been- there done - that) senior executives give to their younger colleagues or even their offsprings (sons & daughter) at the appropriate time to help them benefit from their experience?

Sharing advice can come in various version. These versions can be;
i. Chin-up school of 'do your best',
ii. Play up
iii. Play up and play the game
iv. Unethical, casting - couch - type techniques

So, what are the seven secrets of successful young people at work?
1. Appear to be indispensable - Having a skill set that others don't posses is always an asset.
2. Be committed, open, euthusiatic team player - learning to cooperate, to include others, to be supportive.
3. Work out the real power structure, establish useful alliances - Getting connected throughout the organisation.
4. Be positive, don't whine and never get caught gossiping. It is the alienated, passed over and irritated that spend their life sniping. They are often angry about the past, gloomy about the future and disenchanted with the present.
5. Know when to attract and avoid the limelight - Make sure you are noticed by the right people at the right time, but never overdo it.
6. Keep your options open, your CV updated and your skill - set sharp. - welcome head hunters, read the appointment pages, know your market value and constantly update your skills and knowledge.

Dr. Olu Olu Ola

ECOLOGY AND PUBLIC ADMIN

Sociologists will tell us that man is the product of his environment, Yes! This is very correct But it is not only man that is the product of his environment institutions, social,political, economic and others are also products of their environments .Environment broadly comprises institutions, history,law,ethics,philosophy, religion, education, traditions, beliefs, values, symbols, myths, etc which maybe described as material as well as non material culture,that include public administration too,being a sub-system that interacts with the social system.
According to B.P Singh,"Administration bears the unmistakable impact of the cultural milieu at the given time. "

Relevance of Ecology
People who are familiar with biology will know what 'ecology ' is . The interdependence between an animal species and its natural environment. Sociologist used this term to mean a study of man's spatial relations in urban settings. It was john M.Gaus who emphasized in 1947, the need to employ the concept of ecology to study the necessary interdependence of public bureaucracy and its environment. In the same year Robert Dahi stressed the need for cross. Cultural studies and emphasised environmental effects on administration was observed in the study of relevance of ecology to public administration was observed. According to Kamesh k.Arora and Augusto Ferreros.
"The basic premise of ecological approach in comparative public administration is that public bureaucracy maybe regarded as one of the several basic institutions in a society ."
Dr.Olu Olu Ola.

HOW ORGANISATIONS ARE BUILT UP.
Organisation planning resembles the making of a coat or any other garment. Before us is a goal to be accomplished, just as the tailor has the piece of cloth out of which the coat is to be made.
The task or the goal to be achieved is broken up into segments. Thus, if we have to organize education department, first a head of department is appointed. Next, we break up education into its major subdivisions:Primary, Secondary, Technical, adult and Tertiary and so on.
Each of these segments is placed under the charge of an officer who has the responsibility to manage it. These divisional heads have to be inter-linked or joined up by being placed under the supervision and control of the head of department, from whom they derive their authority and to whom they are responsible. The work of each of these divisions also is too large to be undertaken by its head alone, it is therefore, further broken up into smaller sections, each of which is entrusted to one officer and these are again linked together by being placed under the divisional head. Even, work of the section usually proves too much for a single officer and so, it may again be sub divided into branches each with its own head. So, step by step we proceed downward till we reach a subdivision of the work small enough to be performed by a single individual. At each of this process, the double operation of cutting and linking up has to be done. The organisation created is pyramid like, broad at the base and tapering towards the top till it ends in a single point, the head of the department.

Dr. Olu Olu Ola