Omambala Education Concept

Africa's Tanzania and steel!

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The Haya people of ancient Tanzania, by 100 A.D., innovatively produced steel using mud and grass for carbon. The carbon was then used with iron over an open hearth furnace to produce steel. This method of steel production was distinct from the Chinese invention of quench-hardened steel in 403–221 BC.

They did this alongside cultivating crops, trading coffee, engaging in animal rearing, and later weaving baskets.

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𝙃𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙮 𝙎𝙝𝙖𝙠𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙣?

𝙔𝙤𝙪 𝙨𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙊𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙤, 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙋𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝘿𝙚𝙣𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙠!

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"Othello" by William Shakespeare:
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"Othello" is a tragic play written by William Shakespeare. The story revolves around a Moorish general, Othello, who secretly marries Desdemona, a Venetian woman. Othello is manipulated into believing that Desdemona has been unfaithful to him by his ensign, Iago, who is consumed by jealousy and seeks to destroy Othello's life.

Iago's manipulation leads Othello to become consumed by jealousy and suspicion. This ultimately results in a tragic chain of events, including the murder of Desdemona, Othello's own su***de, and the exposure of Iago's villainy. The play explores themes of jealousy, betrayal, racial prejudice, and the destructive nature of deception

Review
"Othello" is a masterful exploration of human nature and the destructive power of jealousy and manipulation. Here are some key aspects of the play:

1. **Character Development:** Shakespeare's characters are vivid and complex. Othello is portrayed as a noble and honorable figure, but his tragic flaw is his susceptibility to jealousy. Iago, on the other hand, is one of Shakespeare's most compelling villains, cunning and manipulative.

2. **Themes:** The play delves into various themes, including the destructive nature of jealousy, racial prejudice, and the consequences of deception. Othello's transformation from a confident leader to a jealous and ultimately tragic figure is a powerful portrayal of the impact of jealousy.

3. **Desdemona:** Desdemona, Othello's wife, is a sympathetic character who becomes a victim of the jealousy and manipulation that surround her. Her innocence and devotion make her tragic fate all the more poignant.

4. **Iago's Manipulation:** Iago's skillful manipulation of the other characters, particularly Othello, is a central element of the play. His motives for his actions are driven by jealousy and resentment, making him a fascinating character study.

5. **Tragedy:** "Othello" is one of Shakespeare's great tragedies, and it follows the classic tragic structure where the protagonist's fatal flaw leads to their downfall. Othello's descent into jealousy and violence is both heart-wrenching and thought-provoking.

6. **Language and Poetry:** Shakespeare's language in "Othello" is rich and poetic. The play is filled with memorable soliloquies, speeches, and dialogues that contribute to its enduring appeal.

In summary, "Othello" is a powerful and timeless tragedy that continues to captivate audiences with its exploration of human emotions and the consequences of jealousy and manipulation. The play's enduring relevance lies in its profound examination of the dark side of human nature and the tragic consequences that can result from unchecked jealousy and deceit.

Sad commentary on the medieval Europe!

Eunice Williams, also known as Marguerite Kanenstenhawi Arosen, (17 September 1696 – 26 November 1785) was an English colonist taken captive by French and Mohawk warriors from Deerfield, Massachusetts in 1704. Taken to Canada with more than 100 other captives, the seven-year-old girl was adopted by a recently converted Mohawk family at Kahnawake and fully assimilated into Mohawk society. She was baptized as the Catholic "Marguerite" and renamed A'ongonte, meaning "she who has been planted as an ash tree." She eventually married a Mohawk man, François-Xavier Arosen, having several children and remaining with the Mohawk for the rest of her life. While choosing not to return to her natal family, she, along with her children, repeatedly made the trek to Deerfield to visit with her Puritan siblings over the course of her life. Her father, Rev. John Williams and her brother Samuel made numerous efforts to ransom her to no avail. Moreover, they failed to persuade her to return to Massachusetts and her birth family.

𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Eunice Williams was born on 17 September 1696, the daughter of the Puritan minister John Williams and his wife, Eunice Mather Williams. On 29 February 1704, the Williams' home was attacked during a raid on the settlement led by French and allied Abenaki and Mohawk fighters. Later called the Deerfield Massacre, the event was part of a series of raids and conflicts between the French and English and their Indigenous allies during Queen Anne's War in the early 18th century.

The attackers killed numerous settlers in their houses, including Eunice's younger brother John Williams, Jr. and six-week-old sister Jerusha. They took captive more than 100 settlers, including 7-year-old Eunice, her parents, and four of her siblings. The captives were taken on a strenuous march northward. The next day, a Mohawk warrior killed her mother after she fell while crossing the icy waters of the Green River. Other children and elderly captives were also killed if they could not keep up with the large party.

Eunice and the surviving members of her family reached Fort Chambly in Quebec six weeks later. From there, the Mohawks took her to Kahnawake, a Catholic Mohawk settlement south of Montreal across the St. Lawrence River. A woman who had recently lost her daughter in a smallpox epidemic soon adopted her. Eunice was given the symbolic name Waongote, meaning "one who is planted like an Ashe", and was instructed in the Mohawk language and customs, and catechized in the Roman Catholic religion. When she converted to Catholicism, she was baptized Marguerite.

When the survivors of Deerfield learned their captured relatives and neighbours were in Quebec, they began negotiations through various intermediaries to ransom them. During these years, Rev. Williams was allowed to meet with Eunice on two occasions; both times, he responded to her requests for guidance by telling her to recite the Puritan Catechism.

𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞

When John Williams was ransomed and freed about three years later, he wanted to have Eunice reunited with him. The French told an intermediary it was impossible because the Mohawks who adopted her "would as soon part with their hearts as the child." The French government would not generally interfere when the Mohawk adopted captives, even if they were European. He managed to retrieve his other children, who returned to live in Massachusetts.

Eunice became fully assimilated into Mohawk culture, and at 16 married a 25-year-old Mohawk man, François-Xavier Arosen. They had three children together. Nonetheless, Rev. Williams, succeeded by his son Stephen, continued through the years to try to ransom and later persuade Eunice to rejoin her New England family.

Eunice, called Kanenstenhawi as an adult Mohawk, eventually visited New England in 1741, after her father had died. Her brother Stephen had kept in touch with her. When Eunice and her husband went to Massachusetts, it was with a guide and interpreter, as they spoke only Mohawk and French. She made two more visits to her Williams family, bringing her children with her and one year staying for an extended period through the winter.

(𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞: 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟒 𝐑𝐚𝐢𝐝 𝐨𝐧 𝐃𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝, 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐬)

(𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞: 𝐖𝐢𝐤𝐢𝐩𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐚 & 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞: 𝐀 𝐅𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚)

See Fully Funded Scholarships in CANADA👉 Situated in the picturesque province of British Columbia, Canada, Simon Fraser University stands tall as a comprehensive public research institution,…

Christopher Okigbo, (born Aug. 16, 1932 at Ojoto, Biafra—died August 1967, Biafran), Biafran poet who is one of the best and most widely anthologized African poets.

After receiving a bachelor’s degree in Western classics at the University of Ibadan in 1956, Okigbo held positions as a teacher, librarian at the University of Nigeria, private secretary to Nigeria’s federal minister of research and information, and West African editor of Transition, an African literary magazine. He was awarded first prize for poetry in the 1966 Festival of the Negro Arts in Dakar but declined the prize because he felt that writing must be judged as good or bad, not as a product of a specific ethnic group or race. In 1967 Okigbo’s efforts to launch a publishing company in Enugu with the novelist Chinua Achebe came to an abrupt end after his death while fighting in the war for Biafran independence from Nigeria.

Okigbo published three volumes of poetry during his short lifetime: Heavensgate (1962), Limits (1964), and Silences (1965). His collected poems appeared posthumously in 1971 under the title Labyrinths, with Path of Thunder. Okigbo had a deep familiarity with ancient Greek and Latin writers and with modern poets such as T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound, as well as with Igbo mythology.

His poems are highly personal, richly symbolic renderings of his experiences, his thoughts on the role of the poet, and other themes. He weaves images of the forests, animals, and streams of his native Igbo landscape into works that are often obscure, allusive, or difficult. Despite this, his verse is intensely evocative and shows careful craftsmanship. Okigbo became the most widely translated of all Biafran poets. A volume entitled Collected Poems was published in 1986.