Pharma Helper

Ephedra:
Synonyms: Ma-huang , tsaopen Ma-huang
Botanical name: Ephedra sinica
Parts used: dried stem or aerial parts
Family: ephedraceae
Chemical constituents: ephedrine(main constituents)
Pseudoephedrine, norephedrine
Uses:
- expectorant and demulcent
-relieves in rhinitis , whooping cough, and hay fever

Glycosides Tricks to remember:
DiLiP SARD(शरद) STart CHinta : (Digitalis, Liquorice, Picrorrhiza, Senna, Aloes, Rhubarb, Dioscorea, Strophanthus, Chiraita)

Alkaloids Tricks to Remember ;ROSE HAVE No Colour But Inside Cinn Blue Violet (Rauwolfia,Opium,Stramonium,Ergot, Hyoscyamus, Ashwagandha, Vinca, Ephedra, Nux-vomica, Coca, Belladona, Ipecacuanha,Cinchona,Berberis,Vasaka)

Result of Acupuncture, Ophthalmic, General Medicine, Physiotherapy and Yoga & Naturopathy 3rd Year exam held on 2080 Mansir/Poush!!

Loksewa aayog gandaki Pradesh Pharmacy supervisor 5th level :second paper question

APPROVALS AND WITHDRAWALS

The drugs listed below have been recently approved or withdrawn by the FDA.

1. **Ripretinib** :

A novel, oral, pan-KIT, and PDGFRα kinase inhibitor, approved for adult patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) who have received prior treatment with three or more kinase inhibitors, including imatinib.

2. **Gardasil 9** :

A Human Papillomavirus nano-valent recombinant vaccine recently received expanded indication that now includes the prevention of oropharyngeal and other head and neck cancers caused by HPV types 6,11,16,18,31,33,45,52,58.

3. **Celecoxib** :

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, approved for the treatment of acute migraine with or without aura in adults. It is not indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine.

Mechanism of action: Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, primarily via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), at therapeutic concentrations.
Note– It does not inhibit the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoenzyme.
4. **Tucatinib** :

A Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of HER2, approved for the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer in combination with Trastuzumab and Capecitabine for the treatment of unresectable and metastatic cases.



5. **Ustekinumab** :

A human interleukin-12 and -23 antagonist recently approved for the treatment of moderate to severe cases of ulcerative colitis available as an injection, for subcutaneous or intravenous use.

Other indications are plaque psoriasis, Chron’s disease, and Psoriatic arthritis.

6. **Dolutegravir** :

The FDA approved oral Dolutegravir tablets and tablets for suspension for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in pediatric patients at least 4 weeks old, and weighing at least 3 kg, in combination with other antiretroviral treatments.



7. **Ranitidine** :

The FDA has requested the withdrawal of all Ranitidine products due to the presence of a contaminant known as N-Nitrosodimethy

PHARMACOLOGY:
Anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are mediated by ?
a. by inhibiting angiogenesis
b. by inhibiting breakdown of phospholipid
c. by increasing vascularity
d. by increasing granulation tissue formation

Join the team!

Today we deals on most potential anti-coagulants drugs: RIVAROXABAN
MOA, INDICATION, SIDE EFFECTS, DRUGS INTERACTION,DOSAGE,PRECAUTIONS AND WARNINGS

INDICATIONS:1.Atrial fibrillation,2.strokes 3.deep venous thrombosis

SIDE EFFECTS;1.Abdominal pain 2.back pain 3.muscle spasm 4. agranulocytes(1%) 5.hepatits 6.hemorrhage 7.hypotension

DRUGS INTERACTION:
1.Reduced hepatic and renal clearance w/strong CYP3A4 inhibitors*(erythromycin. clarithromycin,fluconzole)

2.Increased bleeding risk with azole antimycotics
3.increased prothrombin time with INR of warfarin

PREACAUTION AND WARNINGS:
1.Patient with hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy
2.severe HTN
3.pregnancy and lactation

DOSAGES:
1.KNEE REPLACEMENT;10mg po once a day may be taken with or without food
2.HIP REPALCEMENT;10MG po once a day
20MG po with the evening meal DVT OR PE TREATMENT

2

1

Drugs used in constipation...!!

MOA of Antihypertensive drugs

Pathogenesis on ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE