Muhammad Tayyab

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19 - September - 2022 - Dawn Editorials & Opinion
Download: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1l_w4zxXF8EwGDphxaXT4LDTETanyB6qa/view?usp=sharing

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"WRITING A PARAGRAPH IN AN ESSAY "

پیراگراف لکھتے وقت درج ذیل مشکلات/سوالات کا سامنا کرنا پڑسکتا ہے:
1- شروع کہاں سے کریں؟
2- پیراگراف کی لمبائی کیسے بڑھائیں؟
3- پیراگراف بڑھتاہی جا رہا ہے، ختم کن الفاظ میں کریں؟
4- اچھے پیراگراف میں کیا کیا ہونا چاہیے؟

Here is a simple methodolgy (steps in an order) you can use for addressing above-given issues:

جیسے ایک مکمل مضمون کا Stard, Middle and End ہوتا ہے، با لکل اسے طرح ایک پیراگراف کو Mini Essay سمجھ لیجیے

1- پیراگراف کا پہلا جملہ "Topic Sentence" ہوتا ہے اور یہ ایسا ہو کہ پڑھنے والے کو پتہ بھی چل جائے کہ یہ پیرا کس موضوع سے متعلق ہے، اور ساتھ ہی الفاظ بھی ایسے ہوں کہ پڑھنے والے کی توجہ کھینچیں۔ چند مثالیں دیکھیں:
1- Poverty turns nights sleepless and days restless.
2-Bleeding on the thorns of oppression, women of the third world are bought and sold in daylight and molested in darkness.
3- Energy serves as oxygenated blood for economy of a country.

Next Step:
ٹاپک سینٹینس کے بعد آپ دلیل پیش کریں۔ فرض کیا آپ لکھ رہیے ہیں کہ پاکستان میں Energy Crisis کی وجہ ڈیم نہ بناناہے، تو آپ نے ثابت کرنا ہے کہ کیسےڈیم نہ بنانے سے یہ مسلہ بڑھ رہا ہے۔

Next Step:
دلیل میں وزن پیدا کیسے ہوتا ہے؟ مثالیں دینے سے، ڈیٹا دینے سے، کسی چیز کا حوالہ دینے سے، یا Comparison کرنے سے، لہذا اپنی دلیل کو ان میں سے کسی ذریعے سے با وزن بنائیں۔

Last Step:
پیراگراف کے آخر میں ایسا جملہ لکھیں، جس سے پڑھنے والے کو Sense of Closure کا احساس ہو، اور یہ ہرگز نہ لگے کہ بات ادھوری رہ گئی۔ مثلا:
Hence, it can be dedcued from the above given example/data/facts that crisis of energy has been exacerbated by our increased dependence on thermal sources.
ایسے جملوں میں Therefore, Hence, Thus, جیسے الفاظ کا استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے۔

یوں پیراگراف لکھتے وقت آپ ٹاپک سے ہٹیں گے بھی نہیں، Coherence بھی آیئگی، اور اپنے مواد کو ایک سلیقے میں Examiner کے سامنے پیش کر پائیں گے۔

ہر نیا سوچتا ہے میں کرنا کیسے سیکھوں؟ میں self writing کی صلاحیت کیسے پیدا کروں؟
کسی پر خود سے کیسے لاؤں؟

Here is a simple, basic and brief guideline:
فرض کیجئے topic ہے: Afghanistan's Current Situation
آپ درج ذیل انداز سے اس کے متعلق سوچنا شرو ع کریں:
1- What? (یہ مسئلہ کیا؟ جنگ ہے یا دہشتگردی یا مذہبی مسئلہ)
2- When? (اسکا آٖٖغازکب ہوا اور اب کس نہج پر آ پہنچا ہے )
3- Where? (کس خطےمیں ہے اور کیا جگہ کی اہمیت بھی ہے؟)
4- Who? (کون فائدہ اٹھائیگا، کون نقصان، کون کون شامل ہے)
5- Why? (وجوہات کیا ہیں، موجودہ صورتحال کیسے پیدا ہوئی)
6- How?(طالبان نے کیسے کامیابی پائی، امریکہ نے کس حکمت عملی کو اپنایا؟)

پھر یوں سوچیے۔۔۔
Political, Social, Humanitarian, Economic, Cultural, Religious etc.
یعنی موجودہ صورتحال کے سیاسی، سماجی، انسانی، معاشی، ثقافتی، مذہبی اثرات کیا ہوں گے۔

پھر یوں سوچیے۔۔۔۔

Country, Neighbours, Region, International Community, Globe
یعنی اس صورتحال سے اس ملک، ہمسایہ ممالک، خطے، عالمی برادری اور پوری دنیا پر کیا اثرات مرتب ہو رہے ہیں یا ہوں گے۔

پھر یوں سوچیے۔۔۔۔
اسکا رخ کس طرف ہے، ممکنہ مستقبل کیا ہوگا؟ اور Recommendations دیجئے کہ ہونا کیا چاہئے۔
اگلے مرحلے میں آپ موضوع سے متعلق theories ,اہم personalities ، اہم events, اہم بیانات، facts and figures بھی لکھ سکتے ہیں، نقشے بھی بنا سکتے ہیں۔

جب آپ کسی موضوع کو مختلف انداز سے یوں دیکھنا شروع کریں گے، آپ کے پاس لکھنے کو زیادہ ہوگا اور وقت کم۔۔۔۔

Shehzad Sahi
46th Common (PAS)

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Phobia

Achluophobia - Fear of darkness
Acrophobia - Fear of heights
Aerophobia - Fear of flying
Algophobia - Fear of pain
Agoraphobia - Fear of open spaces or crowds
Aichmophobia - Fear of needles or pointed objects
Amaxophobia - Fear of riding in a car
Androphobia - Fear of men
Anginophobia - Fear of angina or choking
Anthrophobia - Fear of flowers
Anthropophobia - Fear of people or society
Aphenphosmphobia - Fear of being touched
Arachibutyrophobia - Fear of peanut butter
Arachnophobia - Fear of spiders
Arithmophobia - Fear of numbers
Astraphobia - Fear of thunder and lightning
Ataxophobia - Fear of disorder or untidiness
Atelophobia - Fear of imperfection
Atychiphobia - Fear of failure
Automatonophobia - Fear of Human-Like Figures
Autophobia - Fear of being alone

All

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NUCLEAR POLICY OF PAKISTAN AND INDIA VERY IMPORTANT ARTICLE AND VERY VERSATILE ALMOST FOR EVERY COMPULSORY SUBJECT AND FOR OPTIONAL HISTORY OF PAKISTAN AND INDIA

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Major Ocean Routes
1. North Atlantic route

Busiest ocean trade route which connects the ports of western coast of Europe with the ports on the east coast of North America.

Developed and very dense populated regions are located on both sides.

The foreign trade of the north Atlantic route is greater than any other route is greater than any other route of the world.

2. The Suez canal route

Passes through the heart of the world and connects Europe with the Far East through Suez Canal.

Shortens the distance between Europe and south Asian countries by 9000 km.

It was once considered as lifeline of Britain.

Oil supplies from Middle East, raw material from tropical Asia and manufactured goods from Europe are the main trade commodities.

3. The panama canal route

Connects the pacific ocean with Atlantic ocean.

Increase the trade between the countries of both Atlantic and Pacific seaboards since the opening of Panama Canal in 1914.

Facilitated the trade in oil, minerals, food stuffs, raw materials, and manufactured goods.,
West and east coast of USA are the most benefited region.

4. The cape route

Connects the countries of western Europe with western and southern part of Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

5. The trans – pacific route

Connects the ports of western coast of North America with the ports of East Asia.

Several routes of the Trans – pacific converge at Honolulu (the crossroads of Pacific).

Important material and outline for PMS PCS kpkpms

English essays from 2000 to 2020.

ASPIRANTS!
Just last 10 days to go.. .!

Stay
Write in 3 hours
Revise
Make the shortest
Must revise Subject
Cram &
Sleep properly!
Jitni tyari Kar li hai kaafi hai.

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1. Kalima Tayyaiba is mentioned in Quran for 2 times.
2. The word Quran means “read one”.
3. 14 bows are in Quran.
4. Al-Faitha is the preface of the holy Quran.
5. 114 total number of Surah.
6. Surah means city of Refuge.
7. 86 Makki Surah.
8. 28 Madine Surah.
9. 558 Rukus.
10. Al-Baqrah is the longest Surah.
11. Al- Kausar is the shortest Surah.
12. Al-Nass is the last surah.
13. First bow occurs in 9th Para i.e Al-Iraaf
14. Five verses were reveled in the first wahy.
15. Namaz commanded in quran for 700 times.
16. Al-Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded.
17. Al-Mudassar-2nd Revealed Surah.
18. Al-Muzammil- 3rd Revealed Surah.
19. Al-Tauba does not start with Bismillah.
20. Al-Namal contains two Bismillahs.
21. Three surah starts with curse.
22. 6666 is the number of Ayats.
23. 29 total number of Mukata’t.
24. Hazrat Usman was the first Hafiz of the Holy Quran.
25. Hazrat Khalid Bin Saeed, the first writer of Wahy.
26. Gap between first wahy and second wahy was 6 months.
27. 12 Ghazawahs described in Holy Quran.
28. Abdullah Ibn Abbas, the first commentator of the Quran and also known as interpreter of the Quaran.
29. In surah Al-Saf, Hoy prophet is addressed as Ahmed.
30. Ghar-e-Sor is mentioned in Surah Al-Tauba.
31. 4 Surhas start with Qul. (chkd)
32. Hazrat Umar proposed the compilation of Holy Quran.
33. Al- Nasr is known as Surah Widah.
34. First annulled order of holy quran was the transfer of Qibla.
35. The word Islam occurs 6 times in the Quran.
36. Abdul Malik Marwan applied the dots in the Holy Quran.
37. Hajjaj bin yousuf applied diacritical points in Quaran.
38. 8 Siparas starts with Bismillah.
39. 37 total number of surah in last parah.
40. Al- Baqrah and Surah Al-Nissa is spread over 3 Parahs.
41. Al-Falq and Al-Nas revealed at the same time.
42. 3 Surah stats with “Ya Ayananabiyau”.
43. City of Rome is mentioned in Holy Quran.
44. Surah Yaseen is known as Heart of Quran.
45. Suran Rehman is known as beauty of Quran.
46. Tafseer Ibn Kaseer was written by Hafiz Ismaeed Bin Umar-Imam Ud Din.
47. First revealed surah was Al Alaq, 96 in arrangement
48. Complete revelation in 23 years.
49. Subject of Holy Quran is Man.
50. Last Surah reveled in Al-Nasr.
51. Risalat means to convey message.
52. 25 prophets mentioned in holy Quran.
53. Holy Quran consist 105684 words and 3236700 letters.
54. Longest Ayat of Holy Quran is Ayatul Kursi.
55. 6 Surah start with the name of prophets.
56. Surah maryam wholly revealed for a woman.
57. In Bani Israeel and Al-Najaf the event of Miraj is explained.
58. Last revelation descended on 3rd Rabi-ul Awal and it was written by Abi- Bin Kab. (chk)
59. Hazrat Usman was the first Hafiz of the Holy Quran.
60. Hazrat Khalid Bin Saeed, the first writer of Wahy.
61. Gap between first wahy and second wahy was 6 months.
62. 12 Ghazawahs described in Holy Quran.
63. Abdullah Ibn Abbas, the first commentator of the Quran and also known as interpreter of the Quaran.
64. In surah Al-Saf, Hoy prophet is addressed as Ahmed.
65. Ghar-e-Sor is mentioned in Surah Al-Tauba.
66. 4 Surhas start with Qul. (chkd)
67. Hazrat Umar proposed the compilation of Holy Quran.
68. Al- Nasr is known as Surah Widah.
69. First annulled order of holy quran was the transfer of Qibla.
70. The word Islam occurs 6 times in the Quran.
71. Abdul Malik Marwan applied the dots in the Holy Quran.
72. Hajjaj bin yousuf applied diacritical points in Quaran.
73. Al-Nass is the last surah.
74. 14 bows are in Quran.
75. First bow occurs in 9th Para i.e Al-Inaam Surah.
76. Al-Faitha is the preface of the holy Quran.
77. Namaz commanded in quran for 700 times.
78. Al-Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded.
79. Al-Mudassar-2nd Revealed Surah.
80. Al-Muzammil- 3rd Revealed Surah.
81. Al-Tauba does not start with Bismillah.
82. Al-Namal contains two Bismillahs.
83. Three surah starts with curse.
84. 6666 is the number of Ayats.
85. 29 total number of Mukata’t.
86. 8 Siparas starts with Bismillah.
87. 37 total number of surah in last parah.
88. Al- Baqrah and Surah Al-Nissa is spread over 3 Parahs.
89. Al-Falq and Al-Nas revealed at the same time.
90. 3 Surah stats with “Ya Ayananabiyau”.
91. City of Rome is mentioned in Holy Quran.
92. Surah Yaseen is known as Heart of Quran.
93. Suran Rehman is known as beauty of Quran.
94. Tafseer Ibn Kaseer was written by Hafiz Ismaeed Bin Umar-Imam Ud Din.
95. First revealed surah was Al Alaq, 96 in arrangement
96. Complete revelation in 23 years.
97. Subject of Holy Quran is Man.
98. Last Surah reveled in Al-Nasr.
99. Risalat means to convey message.
00. 25 prophets mentioned in holy Quran.
01. Holy Quran consist 105684 words and 3236700 letters.
02. Longest Ayat of Holy Quran is Ayatul Kursi.
03. 6 Surah start with the name of prophets.
04. Surah maryam wholly revealed for a woman.
05. In Bani Israeel and Al-Najaf the event of Miraj is explained.
06. Last revelation descended on 3rd Rabi-ul Awal and it was written by Abi- Bin Kab. (chk)
07. Language of Divine Holy Books.
08. Taurat in Hebrew
09. Injil in Siriac
10. Zubur in Siriac
11. Holy Quran in Arabic.
12. Taurat was the first revealed book.
13. Holy Quran was reveled in 22y 5m 14 days.
14. There are 7 stages in Holy Quran.
15. Abdullah Ibn Abbas is called as leader of commentators.
16. Apollo 15 placed the copy of the Holy Quran on the moon.
17. Tarjama-ul-Quaran is written by Abdul-Kalam Azad.
18. Theodore Bailey in 1143 translated Holy Quran in Latin, for the first time.
19. First Muslim interpreter of Quran in English is Khalifa Abdul Hakeem.
20. Shah Waliullah Translated Holy Quran in Persian and Shah Rafiuddin in Urdu in 1776.
21. Hafiz Lakhvi translated Holy Quran in Punjabi.
22. Ross translated the Holy Quran in to English.
23. Surah Fatiha revealed twice-in Makkah & Madina.
24. Angles mentioned in Quran are7.
25. Meaning of Aayat is Sign.
26. Meaning of Hadith is to take.
27. Stone mentioned in Quran is ruby (Yaakut).
28. First Sajda occurs in 9th Para, Al-Inaam Surah.
29. Surah Alaq was revealed on 18th Ramzan.(contradictory)
30. Number of Aayats in al-Bakar is 286.
31. Longest Makki Surah is Aaraf.
32. Second longest Surah is Ashrah/Al-Imran.
33. Surah Kausar has 3 Aayats.
34. First Surah compilation wise is Surah Fatiha.
35. Fatiha means opening.
36. Fatiha contains 7 aayats.
37. Fatiha is also called Ummul Kitab.
38. First surah revealed in Madina was surah Fatiha.
39. Names of Quran mentioned in Quran is 55.
40. Surahs named after animals are 4 in number.
41. Namal means Ant.
42. Surah Inaam means Camel.
43. Surah Nahl means Honey bee.
44. Surah Ankaboot means spider.
45. Longest Surah (al-Bakr) covers 1/12th of Quran.
46. Madni Surahs are generally longer.
47. First complete Madni Surah is Baqarah.
48. The major part of Quran is revealed at night time.
49. Generally aayats of Sajida occur in Makki Surahs.
50. 10 virtues are blessed for recitation of one word of Quran.
51. Surah Anfal means Cave.
52. Madni Surahs consist of1/3rd of Quran.
53. Makki Surahs consist of2/3rd of Quran.
54. Surah Ikhlas is 112 Surah of Quran.
55. In Naml two bismillah occur (2nds one is at aayat no:30)
56. Surah Kahf means the cave.

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