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The Concept School Of Excellence & Academy System.

لیکن عملی زندگی اسکے بالکل برعکس ہے۔ عملی زندگی میں CONCEPT والے کی اہمیت نام نہاد نمبروں والے سے کہیں زیادہ ہے۔ لیکن پھر بھی نہ جانے کیوں ہم اس Rat Race میں لگے ہوئے ہیں؟ اچھے نمبرز لینا کوئی معیوب بات نہیں ہے لیکن ساتھ ساتھ جو پڑھا ہے اس کی سمجھ بوجھ بھی لازم ہے۔

25/05/2023

What are the 10 habits that destroy your focus and productivity?

1.Skipping meals and going to bed late.

2.Checking your email inbox too many times a day.

3.Having too many distractions around like phones, TV, and radio.

4.Trying to resolve as many tasks simultaneously as possible.

5.Having too many meetings in one day.

6.Not knowing when your productivity peaks are.

7.Refusing to learn new skills and adapt tools (time trackers, to-do lists apps).

8.Having no work schedule and no work routine.

9.Procrastination.
Waiting till the last moment to start working on important tasks.

10.Not rewarding yourself for any win, big or small.

24/05/2023

2nd year chemistry guess paper - Important Questions chapterwise

Detailed guess paper of chemistry class 12 which include all chapters important quesions 2023

Chapter 1
Important short questions

1. Why metals are good conductors?
2. Define hydration energy with examples.
3. Diamond is a non-conductor but graphite is good conductor. Why?
4. Ionization energy increases from left to right in a period. Justify.
5. How does hydrogen resemble with group IV-A elements.
6. Why oxidation number of noble gases is usually zero?
7. What is electron affinity? Give its trend in periodic table.
8. Justify the position of hydrogen at the top of group VII-A elements.
9. Give reasons that hydration energy of Al3+ ions more than Mg2+ ion?
10. Give differences of lithium from its own family members.
11. Why the size of an anion is always greater than its parent atom?
12. Name various classes of hydrides.
13. Why metallic character increases from top to bottom in a group of metals?
14. Alkali metals give ionic hydrides. Why?
15. Give four uses of nitric acid.

Important long questions

1. Give trends of metallic character in groups and periods and discuss the impact of atomic size on it.
2. Explain the term periodic table and discuss the improvements made in Mendeleeve’s periodic table.
3. What are hydrides? Discuss their classification and properties.

Chapter 2

Important short questions

1. How does hydrogen resemble with alkali metals?
2. Write formula of borax and Chile saltpetre.
3. Give formula of natron and halite.
4. How will you distinguish between ethanol and propanol.
5. Give two similar properties of lithium and magnesium.
6. Write chemical formula of Beryl and Barite.
7. What are two major problems faced during the working of diaphragm cell?
8. Why Down’s cell is preferable method for the preparation of sodium on large scale?
9. Give formula of (i). Dolomite (ii.) Asbestos
10. What reaction occur when (i). Lithium carbonate is heated (ii). Sodium bicarbonate is heated

Important long questions

1. Discuss the preparation of sodium hydroxide on commercial scale by diaphragm cell or Nelson’s cell.
2. Describe the process of sodium metal manufacturing by Down’s cell.
3. Complete and balance the following equations
i. Li2O + H2O ii. Na2O + H2O iii. Mg + (OH)2 iv. NaNO3

Chapter 3

Important short questions

1. Write four uses of Borax.
2. What is borax bread test?
3. How is Borax used an water softening agent?
4. Why are borate glazes preferred over silicate glazes?
5. Give any four uses of aluminium in our daily life.
6. Give two similarities between carbon and silicate.
7. Give reaction of P2O5 with cold and hot water
8. The aqueous solution of borax is alkaline. Give reason.
9. What is carbonization?
10. Explain the structure of CO2.
11. Write two uses of sodium silicate. (2)
12. How borax can be prepared from colemanite? Give equation
13. Write names and formulas of oxyacids of nitrogen.

Important long questions

1. Write a note on aluminum silicate.
2. Write a method for preparation of water glass. Also, write uses of water glass.
3. How will you convert boric acid into borax and vice versa.

Chapter 6

Important short questions

1. All exercise short questions.

Important long questions

1. Write a note : i) Binding energy ii) Paramagnetism.
2. Explain the following properties for transition element. I) Paramagnetic ii) Colour

Chapter 7

Important Short Questions

1. What is meant by organic chemistry?
2. What are homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds? Give examples.
3. Why is ethene an important industrial element?
4. Define isomers. Write the names of its four types.
5. What is meant by a functional group? Name typical functional groups containing oxygen.
6. Define thermal cracking and steam cracking.
7. What is meant by catenation? Give examples.
8. What is meant by cis-trans isomerism?
9. Define tautomerism and give example.
10. Define alicyclic and aromatic compounds.
11. What is petroleum? Give its origin.
12. Why is ethene an important industrial chemical?
13. What is coal tar? Give its fractions.
14. How will you define octane number? How it can be improved?
15. What is iodized salt?
16. Write the structural formula of two possible isomers of C4H10.
17. Describe important sources of organic compounds.
18. What is catalytic cracking?

Important long questions

1. What is orbital hybridization? Explain , , and mode of hybridization
2. Describe the important sources of organic compounds.
3. Define Isomerism. Explain its types.
4. 2. Write down the process of cracking of petroleum.

Chapter 8

Important short questions

1. How do you distinguish between ethane and ethyne?.
2. Why the π bond is more reactive than ϭ bond?
3. Convert 1-butene to 1-butyne.
4. Give fours uses of methane.
5. Synthesize i.benzene ii. Oxalic acid from ethyne.
6. Convert ethene into ethylalcohol?
7. What is Markonikov’s rule?
8. Write a note on acidity of ethene?
9. Convert methane into formic acid.
10. What is Raney-Nickel? Give its uses.
11. Alkanes are less reactive than alkenes. Comment.
12. Convert ethyne into acetaldehyde.
13. How cis and trans alkenes are produced? Give reactions.
14. Convert ethene into ethylalcohol?
15. What is hydrogenolysis?
16. What is Baeyer’s Test? Give its uses

Important Long questions

1. Describe with examples the acidic nature of alkynes?
2. Give comparison of reactivity of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
3. Prepare Ethane from Kolbe’s Electrolytic method. Write down it mechanism.
4. Give the chemical reactions of ethene with:
(i) O2 in the presence of Ag2O (ii) Conc. H2SO4 (iii) S2Cl2 (iv) HOCl.

Chapter 9

Important short questions

1. Briefly describe x-ray studies of benzene structure.
2. Define electrophile. Give two examples.
3. Give reaction of benzene with ozone.(ozonolysis)
4. How benzene is converted into maleic acid by catalytic oxidation?
5. What are aromatic compounds?
6. Why benzene is less reactive than alkene?
7. What is Wurts Fitting reaction? Give its importance.
8. Give two oxidation reactions of benzene.
9. What are fused rings aromatic compounds?
10. Give reaction of benzene with SO3.
11. Prepare benzene from i. n-Hexane ii. Sodium benzoate
12. Give the mechanism of nitration of Benzene.
13. Give reactivity of benzene towards electrophiles.
14. Show Benzene’s cyclic structure with diagram.
15. Define aromatization.

Important long questions

1. Convert Benzene into:
i) Cyclohexane ii) Maleic acid iii) Glyoxal iv) Benzene sulphonic acid
2. What are Friedel-Crafts reactions? Explain mechanism of alkylation and acylation of benzene
3. Write any four chemical methods for the preparation of benzene.
4. Give reactions of benzene with respect to (i) nitration (ii) sulphonation

Chapter 10

Important Short Questions

1. Prepare (i) ethyl bio alcohol (ii) ethyl acetate from ethyl bromide.
2. What are primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides? Give example of each.
3. Explain Markownikov’s rule with suitable example.
4. Starting from C2H4Br how will you prepare ethane and ethene?
5. Explain the following reaction: CH4 CH3CH2COOH.
6. How do you compare SN1 and SN2 mechanism?
7. How do we get alkyl nitriles from Grignard’s reagent?
8. What are elimination reactions? Give an example of E1 reaction.
9. What is Grignard reagent?
10. What are Alkyl halides? Give their general formula.
11. What are types of nucleophilic substitution reaction?
12. Convert ethyl alcohol into their respective halides by using PCl3 and PI5
13. What is Wurtz synthesis?
14. What is Grignard reagent?

Important Long Questions

1. Describe SN2 reaction of alkyl halides with details.
2. Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction.
3. Describe β elimination reaction E2 with example.
4. How the presence of double bond can be detected by using Baeyre’s reagent?

Chapter 11

Important short questions

1. Convert methanol into ethanol
2. Differentiate between primary and secondary alcohols.
3. Write structural formula of a)carbolic acid b)glycerol
4. What are rectified spirit, commercial alcohol and absolute alcohol?
5. Why water has higher boiling point than ethanol?
6. Convert methanol into ethanol and acetone into ethyle alcohol.
7. What is Lucas test?
8. Give the uses of ethyle alcohols and methyl alcohols.
9. Ethyl alcohol is liquid while methyl chloride is a gas. Why?
10. Write the names and formulas of two polyhydric alcohols.
11. Define fermentation. Give its conditions.
12. Absolute alcohols cannot be prepared by fermentation. Why?
13. What is wood-spirit? How is it prepared from water gas?
14. Write equation for the reaction of C2H5OH with PBr3, PCI5

Important Long Questions

1. How alcohols are prepared? Give their properties and uses.
2. What is either? Give its reactions.
3. Explain the following properties with reference to phenol: i) Esterification ii)sulphonation

Chapter 12

You can Skip this chapter

Chapter 13

Important Short questions

1. What are peptides and peptide linkage?
2. What is ninhydrin test?
3. What are aromatic carboxylic acids?
4. Give the mechanism for the esterification of the carboxylic acids.
5. What are essential and non-essential amino acids?
6. Name five dicarboxylic acids and give their formulas.
7. What is strecker’s synthesis?
8. Give four uses of nitric acid.
9. How carboxylic acid is converted into a-amino acids?
10. Give four uses of acetic acid.
11. How ethanol is converted into acetic acid and vice versa?
12. Define proteins? How do they differ from polypeptides?
13. What are fatty acids? Give examples.
14. What are Zwitter ions? Give equation.
15. How will you prepare acetic acid from ethynes?

Chapter 14

1. Define carbohydrates. Classify them and give example of each.
2. What do you mean by rancidity of fats and oils?
3. Define the following: i. proteins ii. Lipids iii. polymers
4. How is polystyrene prepared? Give its two uses.
5. Give the structure of cholesterol.
6. Write down uses of proteins.
7. What is saponification number and iodine number?
8. What are fatty acids? Give examples.
9. How polymers are classified on the basis of heat effect?

Chapter 15+16

1. What reaction takes place in decomposition zone during manufacturing of cement?
2. Which type of woody raw material is used in paper industry?
3. Write two woody and two non woody raw material for paper pulp manufacture.
4. What are macro nutrients?
5. What is role of chlorofluorocarbons in destroying ozone?
6. How do you compare SN1 and SN2 mechanism?
7. What is need for fertilizers?
8. What do you mean by prilling of urea?
9. What are some commonly used bleaching agents in paper manufacture?
10. Define clinker? How is it used in manufacturing of Cement.
11. What is meant by setting of cement?
12. What is the role of phosphorus in growth of plants?
13. Give the role/importance of potassium in the growth of plants.
14. Write names of steps in paper making process.

24/05/2023

اشفاق احمد

04/11/2021

Experienced Male Teacher Of Bio & Chemistry Is Required For Matric and FSc.
The Concept Academy Of Science.
(0310-0060883)

03/09/2021

یکم ستمبر سے تمام کلاسز کے نئے گروپس کا آغاز ہوچکا ہے.

31/08/2021

*میٹرک کے سٹوڈنٹس ضرور دیکھیں۔*
*تاکہ وہ اپنے تعلیمی کیریئر کا انتخاب اپنے مزاج اور شوق کے مطابق کر سکیں۔*
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