PharmacyD

⚠️ Weight and body composition changes in the first year following ART (anti-retroviral therapy) initiation are associated with contemporaneous changes in metabolic parameters and subsequent cardiometabolic disease.

👉🏼Learn more ⬇️
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad545/7270437?login=false

Weight gain after antiretroviral therapy initiation and subsequent risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease Among AIDS Clinical Trials Group participants in protocols A5001 and A5322, weight and body composition changes in the first year following ART initiation were

🦴 Osteoporosis is a bone condition characterized by a decrease in bone density on account of increased bone resorption compared to bone formation. It can cause fractures, such as vertebral compression fractures (the most common).

📍 Some of the most important risk factors that give you easier ACCESS to osteoporosis include:
• A - Alcohol
• C - Corticosteroids
• C - Calcium low
• E - Estrogen low
• S - Smoking
• S - Sedentary lifestyle

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒗𝒔 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑴𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎 𝑨𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 ill 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝑾𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑺𝒆𝒑𝒔𝒊𝒔: 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑴𝑬𝑹𝑪𝒀 𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒅 𝑪𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍.
Meropenem is a widely prescribed β-lactam antibiotic. Meropenem exhibits maximum pharmacodynamic efficacy when given by continuous infusion to deliver constant drug levels above the minimal inhibitory concentration.
Compared with intermittent administration, continuous administration of meropenem may improve clinical outcomes. In this study of over 600 patients with sepsis found that there was no difference in the outcomes of patients who received meropenem as a continuous or intermittent infusion.
The composite outcome of 28-day mortality and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria was similar for both groups (47% vs 49%). Other outcomes, such as 90-day mortality and length of stay, were also similar.

In other words, the study found that there is no clear advantage to giving meropenem as a continuous infusion instead of an intermittent infusion for the treatment of sepsis. More research is needed to determine if there are any other benefits or risks associated with each approach.

Reference: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2806400

Continuous vs Intermittent Meropenem Administration in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis This randomized clinical trial compares the effect of continuous administration of meropenem vs intermittent administration on a composite outcome of mortality and emergence of pandrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacteria in critically ill patients with sepsis.

⚠️ New clinical updates

🪨 Data suggest that various dietary interventions slow kidney disease progression and improve clinical outcomes for those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between plant protein intake and incident CKD is uncertain.

📍 In a large, prospective cohort study, greater dietary plant protein intake was associated with a lower risk of incident CKD. Further, interventional studies demonstrating kidney protective benefits of plant protein intake are warranted.

👉🏼Reference:
https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(23)00742-4/pdf?fbclid=IwAR0h__lbaFHw41cFdYv0TdweJbgfo6R3w7RzT6-cyb7p_nn2Kpg6ianyZJU #:~:text=CONCLUSION%3A%20In%20this%20large%2C%20prospective,lower%20risk%20of%20incident%20CKD.&text=Rationale%20%26%20Objective%3A%20Data%20suggest%20that,chronic%20kidney%20disease%20(CKD)

Association of Plant Protein Intake With Risk of Incident CKD: A UK Biobank Study Data suggest that various dietary interventions slow kidney disease progression and improve clinical outcomes for those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between plant protein intake and incident CKD is uncertain.

🦪 "Clinical pearl of the day"
The most common drug used to treat ectopic pregnancy is methotrexate. This drug stops cells from growing, which ends the pregnancy. The pregnancy then is absorbed by the body over 4–6 weeks
Reference: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/ectopic-pregnancy #:~:text=The%20most%20common%20drug%20used,body%20over%204%E2%80%936%20weeks.




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🦪 "Clinical pearl of the day"
Acetazolamide is used to prevent and reduce the symptoms of altitude sickness. This medication can decrease headache, tiredness, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath that can occur when you climb quickly to high altitudes (generally above 10,000 feet/3,048 meters).




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🦪 "Clinical pearl of the day"
Nebivolol is a beta blocker with vasodilating properties mediated through endothelial release of nitric oxide which facilitates pe**le er****on. Thus, nebivolol may offer an advantage over other beta blockers in the patient with hypertension and ED.




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What is the efficacy of short-course vs standard-course therapy for children with urinary tract infection?🦠

📍 SCOUT Randomized Clinical Trial

In this randomized clinical trial, children assigned to "standard-course therapy" had lower rates of treatment failure than children assigned to "short-course therapy." However, the low failure rate of short-course therapy suggests that it could be considered as a reasonable option for children exhibiting clinical improvement after 5 days of antimicrobial treatment.

👉🏼 Reference: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2806198?fbclid=IwAR0F9S195jFPl3GqvjTMXusP9NDM0zPDwPAe2RlBxSCyUWZnCxMp_ws65CY

Short-Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Children (SCOUT Trial) The study attempts to compare the efficacy of standard-course and short-course therapy for urinary tract infections in children 2 months to 10 years old.

🦪 "Clinical pearl of the day"
Sotalol inhibits beta-1 adrenoceptors in the myocardium as well as rapid potassium channels to slow repolarization, lengthen the QT interval, and slow and shorten conduction of action potentials through the atria.




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🧠 What is the efficacy of short-course vs standard-course therapy for children with urinary tract infection? 🦠

📍 SCOUT Randomized Clinical Trial

In this randomized clinical trial, children assigned to standard-course therapy had lower rates of treatment failure than children assigned to short-course therapy. However, the low failure rate of short-course therapy suggests that it could be considered as a reasonable option for children exhibiting clinical improvement after 5 days of antimicrobial treatment.

📧 Reference: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2806198?fbclid=IwAR0F9S195jFPl3GqvjTMXusP9NDM0zPDwPAe2RlBxSCyUWZnCxMp_ws65CY

Short-Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Children (SCOUT Trial) The study attempts to compare the efficacy of standard-course and short-course therapy for urinary tract infections in children 2 months to 10 years old.

🦪 "Clinical pearl of the day"
The half life of adenosine in blood is less than 10 seconds. To manage supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), adenosine is ideally given through a peripheral intravenous (IV) access as a 6 mg dose followed by a 20 mL saline flush for rapid infusion. Subsequent doses start at 12 mg, followed by 20 mL of saline for rapid infusion.




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🦪 "Clinical pearl of the day"
Ceftaroline is a novel fifth-generation cephalosporin, which exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA and extensively-resistant strains, such as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA).

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140339/ #:~:text=Ceftaroline%20is%20a%20novel%20fifth,such%20as%20vancomycin%2Dintermediate%20S.




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💊 Oral fluoroquinolones and risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection: A nationwide population-based propensity score-matched cohort study

🩺 Fluoroquinolone use was associated with a 34% increased risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection compared to macrolide use among a general US population.

Reference: https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/phar.2841

Oral fluoroquinolones and risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection: A nationwide population‐based propensity score‐matched cohort study Study Objective To investigate risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection in patients using oral fluoroquinolones compared to those using macrolides in real-world clinical practice among a large US gener...

🎈 Quiz of the day !!
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🎈 Quiz of the day !!
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"Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity"

According to current consensus guidelines for type 2 diabetes management, bodyweight management is as important as attaining glycaemic targets.

Retatrutide is an agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1), and glucagon receptors.

In adults with obesity, retatrutide treatment for 48 weeks resulted in substantial reductions in body weight.

📍Reference: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2301972

📽️ Video link: https://youtu.be/ZDBOkvX7dKo

Hi friend, from tomorrow to onward, I am starting a quiz series regarding amazing facts and clinical pearls about drugs and medicine that will help you to excel in your medical education as well as in your professional carrier.
Are you ready, guys, for this new journey?😍

Concor tablet is a commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive medicine that can improve our heart health in many ways. Here is a detailed video about concor tablet: 👇🏼
https://youtu.be/5SgJHeIgzhs

Concor Tablet (Bisoprolol fumarate), 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg, Dose, Uses, Side Effects, Urdu/Hindi Concor Tablet (Bisoprolol fumarate), 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg, belongs to a group of medicines called beta-blockers. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hyperte...

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often mistaken for one another — they are both conditions that affect the lungs and make breathing more difficult.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease that is not fully reversible. It occurs when chronic interference with lung airflow negatively impacts breathing. Asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by spasms of the bronchi and difficulty breathing caused by narrowed and inflamed airways in the lungs. Here is a detailed video about major difference between Asthma and COPD:👇
https://youtu.be/eCTtqzKPjBw

Asthma and COPD difference, Difference between asthma and copd, Physiology Made Easy #asthma #copd asthma and copd, asthma and copd difference, difference between asthma and copd,▪ Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often mistaken ...

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. Hypertension is a serious medical condition and can increase the risk of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases. It is a major cause of premature death worldwide. There are several natural home remedies to manage and control hypertension (high blood pressure). Some common natural home remedies for treatment and control of hypertension (high blood pressure) have described in this video: 👇
https://youtu.be/D84-qdXgJwI

- YouTube Se alla dina favoriter bland videor och musik, ladda upp originalinnehåll och dela allt med vänner, familj och hela världen på YouTube.

Cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that take place when the heart beats. It comprises diastole, the systole, and the intervening pause. The cardiac cycle involves a complete contraction and relaxation of both the atria and ventricles and the cycle last approximately 0.8 seconds. Here is a detailed short about cardiac cycle:👇
https://youtube.com/shorts/SUl6WuimisM

Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac heart sounds, Physiology Made Easy, Youtube Shorts, Medical Shorts #shorts ▪ Cardiac cycle is a series of pressure changes that take place within the heart. Cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that take place when the hea...

Atrial fibrillation (A Fib) is a rapid, irregularly irregular atrial rhythm. Atrial fibrillation (A Fib) is one of the most common arrhythmias, affecting between 3 and 6 million adults in the US. Atrial fibrillation (A Fib) tends to occur in patients with an underlying heart disorder.
Here is a short video about atrial fibrillation its symptoms and treatment:👇
https://youtube.com/shorts/19Uvf7v9kSw?feature=share

Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib), Signs and symptoms, Treatment, Youtube Shorts, Medical Shorts #shorts ▪ Atrial fibrillation (A Fib) is a rapid, irregularly irregular atrial rhythm. Atrial fibrillation (A Fib) is one of the most common arrhythmias, affecting b...

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness. Body Mass Index (BMI) is an easy screening method for weight category, such as underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. Here is a detailed video about BMI:👇
https://youtube.com/shorts/7FWRvfkjNmg

Body mass index (BMI), BMI formula, Underweight, Overweight, Obesity, Youtube Shorts, Medical Shorts ▪ Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness. Bod...

Action potential or nerve impulse, also known as membrane potential causes a movement of ions across the cell membrane of a neuron. An action potential has four phases: depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization and refractory period. There are two more states of the membrane potential related to the action potential. The first one is hypo-polarization which precedes the depolarization, while the second one is hyperpolarization, which follows the repolarization. Here is a detailed video about Action potential and it's phases:👇
https://youtu.be/jzyahm9t66A

Action Potential, Depolarization, Repolarization, Refractory Period, Physiology Made Easy ▪ Action potential or nerve impulse, also known as membrane potential causes a movement of ions across the cell membrane of a neuron. An action potential has...

Pharyngitis (strep throat) and tonsillitis (sore throat) are infections that cause inflammation. If the tonsils are affected, it is called tonsillitis, a bacterial infection. If the throat is affected, it is called pharyngitis, a viral infection. If you have both, it is called as pharyngo-tonsillitis. These infections are spread by close contact with others. Most cases happen during the winter or colder months. Here is a detailed video about difference between pharyngitis and tonsillitis: 👇
https://youtu.be/XBM3Dq9k1LM

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis Difference, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Physiology Made Easy ▪ Pharyngitis (strep throat) and tonsillitis (sore throat) are infections that cause inflammation. If the tonsils are affected, it is called tonsillitis. If ...

Malaria is a mosquito borne disease caused by a parasite plasmodium. There are several natural home remedies for treatment and prevention of malaria and these natural remedies are also safe to use for men, women and during pregnancy: 👇🏼
https://youtu.be/H7SGyEy4fgs

Home Remedies for Malaria Fever, Natural Remedies, Malaria Fever Symptoms and Treatment ▪ Malaria fever is a mosquito borne disease caused by a parasite plasmodium. There are several natural home remedies for treatment and prevention of malaria....

Loprin Tablet is an anti-platelet medicine used to treat and prevent heart attacks, strokes, and heart-related chest pain (angina).
Here is a detailed video about Loprin Tablet:👇🏼
https://youtu.be/cCM8JbTiR7U

Loprin Tablet (75mg), Dose, Side Effects, Uses, Pregnancy, Urdu, Hindi ▪ Loprin Tablet is an anti-platelet medicine, which is an enteric coated tablet and used to treat and prevent heart attacks, strokes, and heart-related chest...

Replat syrup contain papaya leaf juice which is great tonic for dengue fever.
With Re-Plat Syrup, you can notice an improvement in the blood platelet count and white blood cells count in just 48 Hours. papaya leaf extract is also good for gastrointestinal disorders and nerve pain:
https://youtu.be/KgWq8rbDPss

Replat Syrup, Papaya Leaf Syrup, Dose, Review, Dengue Fever Treatment, Herbion, Urdu/Hindi replat syrup, papaya leaf syrup, papaya leaf juice to increase platelets, dengue fever treatment, replat syrup herbion, ▪ Replat syrup contain papaya leaf ju...

"Tetracyclines" are antimicrobial antibiotics that inhibit bacterial ribosomes which are the organelles that make proteins.

They are often used to treat severe acne or community acquired pneumonia.

Here is a detailed video about pharmacology of tetracycline antibiotics;👇🏼 https://youtu.be/ZowPywvvDB0

Tetracycline Antibiotics, Mechanism of action, Classification, Side Effects, Pharmacology Made Easy tetracycline pharmacology, tetracycline antibiotics pharmacology, protein synthesis inhibitors pharmacology, tetracycline pharmacology mechanism, protein syn...

"Boxed warnings", also known as "Black Box Warnings" are the highest safety related warning that medications can have assigned by the FDA.
Here is a detailed video about this topic:
👇🏼
https://youtu.be/XRo6JT_Tt6k

U.S. Food and Drug Administration World Health Organization (WHO)

Black Boxed Warning, FDA Boxed Warning, Fluoroquinolones, Antidepressants, Tigecycline, Methotrexate ▪ Black box warning or boxed warning is the strictest and most serious type of warning that the FDA gives a medication. A black box warning is meant to draw ...

SAR of 4-Aminoquinolines (Anti-Malarial Drugs): 👇🏼🦠
https://youtu.be/Ku7BmeR1y0E

SAR of 4 Aminoquinolines, SAR of Quinolines, (Anti-Malarial Drugs)| Medicinal Chemistry| Made Easy SAR of 4 aminoquinolines, SAR of anti malarial drugs, SAR medicinal chemistry, medicinal chemistry sar, medicinal chemistry pharmacy, structure activity rela...

Common Side Effects of Antibiotics:💊👇🏼 https://youtu.be/tEp9m6Lu_bY

Side Effects of Antibiotics, Adverse Effects of Antibiotics, Pharmacology Made Easy Antibiotics Side Effects, Antibiotics Adverse Effects, Side Effects of Antibiotics, Adverse Effects of Antibiotics, Common Side Effects of Antibiotics, Pharm...

A stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition that happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off. This video will explain you about signs and symptoms of stroke 👇🏼; https://youtu.be/Nv-NX2q7KP0

Signs and Symptoms of Stroke| Signs of Stroke| Symptoms of Stroke| Made Easy Stroke (Brain Attack)| Stroke Symptoms| Signs and Symptoms of Stroke| Warning Signs of Stroke| Signs of Stroke| Symptoms of Stroke▪ A stroke is a serious lif...

Vitamin D Functions, Sources and Deficiency Disease 👇🏼;
https://youtube.com/shorts/INIfcgklb4Y

Vitamin D Functions, Sources and Deficiency Disease| Types of Vitamins| YouTube Shorts Vitamin D Functions, Sources and Deficiency Disease| Types of Vitamins| YouTube Shorts▪ Vitamins and minerals are substances that are found in foods we eat. ...

The terms "anaphylaxis" and "anaphylactic shock" are often used to mean the same thing. They both refer to a severe allergic reaction. Here is all you need to know about Anaphylactic Shock:👇🏼 https://youtu.be/iIoEzy2lCvI

Anaphylactic Shock (Anaphylaxis)| Signs and Symptoms, Causes, Complications, Treatment| Made Easy Anaphylactic shock| Anaphylaxis reaction| Anaphylactic shock symptoms| Anaphylactic shock complications| Anaphylactic shock treatment| Anaphylactic shock man...

Constipation is an incredibly common problem. There are many natural ways to help relieve constipation. A combination of the following remedies may be necessary to treat the problem: 👇🏼
https://youtu.be/MyEt2k713ts

Home Remedies for Constipation| Natural Remedies| Home Treatment| Natural Treatment constipation home remedies| constipation home treatment| constipation natural home remedies| constipation natural treatment| how to treat constipation at hom...

The is the body's second-largest organ. Its primary function is to separate nutrients and waste passing through your digestive system.
There are various types of caused by viral infections, immune system problems, genetic conditions, malignant cells, and over intake of alcohol and toxic substances. This video will explain about symptoms of liver disease:👇🏼 https://youtu.be/8r4ky9HPMQQ

Symptoms of Liver Disease| Symptoms of Liver Infection| Symptoms of Liver Damage| Explained Symptoms of Liver Disease| Symptoms of Liver Infection| Symptoms of Liver Failure| Symptoms of Liver Damage| Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease| Symptoms of Chr...

is an infection of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. is inflammation of the brain itself. This video will help you to understand the difference between Meningitis and Encephalitis👇🏼:




https://youtu.be/-wOoCHlR6nI

Difference between Meningitis and Encephalitis| Causes| Symptoms| Treatment| Pharmacology| Made Easy Difference between Meningitis and Encephalitis| Meningitis and Encephalitis Difference| Meningitis and Encephalitis| Encephalitis and Meningitis| Meningitis ...

is a para amino phenol derivative. These derivatives possess and action, but lack anti-inflammatory effects. This video will explain about structure activity relationship or SAR of paracetamol which is also known as acetaminophen: 👇🏼




https://youtu.be/NJMqP4ZnL_k

SAR of Paracetamol(acetaminophen) l Medicinal Chemistry| Made Easy SAR of Paracetamol(acetaminophen) l Medicinal Chemistry| Made Easy ▪ Paracetamol is a para amino phenol derivative. These derivatives possess analgesic and a...