Dr Naeem Baloch

Lymphedema is a chronic condition that occurs when there is a blockage or damage to the lymphatic system, leading to the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues.

The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid and waste from the body, as well as fighting infection and disease.

There are two types of lymphedema: primary and secondary. Primary lymphedema is rare and usually caused by an inherited genetic defect that affects the development of the lymphatic system.

Secondary lymphedema is much more common and usually caused by damage to the lymphatic system as a result of surgery, radiation therapy, infection, or trauma.

Symptoms of lymphedema can include swelling, heaviness, and tightness in the affected limb or area.

Other symptoms may include limited range of motion, pain, and a susceptibility to infection.

Lymphedema can be managed with a combination of therapies, including physical therapy, compression garments, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, and skin care.

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove excess tissue or repair damaged lymph vessels.

Osgood-Schlatter disease, also known as Osgood-Schlatter syndrome, is a condition that affects the knees, typically occurring in children and adolescents who are still growing.
It is a form of overuse injury that causes pain, swelling, and tenderness at the tibial tuberosity, which is the bony prominence located just below the kneecap.

The exact cause of Osgood-Schlatter disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to repetitive stress on the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone.

This stress can result in inflammation and irritation of the tibial tuberosity, leading to the characteristic symptoms of the condition.

Symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter disease may include pain, swelling, tenderness, and a bony lump or prominence at the tibial tuberosity. The pain may worsen with activity and improve with rest.

Treatment for Osgood-Schlatter disease typically involves rest, ice, elevation, and over-the-counter pain medications to help manage pain and reduce inflammation.

Physical therapy, including exercises to strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, may also be beneficial.
In some cases, a knee brace or strap may be recommended to provide support and reduce stress on the patellar tendon.

Most cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease resolve on their own with time and appropriate conservative treatment.

Achilles tendinitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the Achilles tendon, which is the large tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.

It is commonly caused by overuse or repetitive strain, often from activities such as running, jumping, or sudden increases in physical activity.

Tight calf muscles can also contribute to Achilles tendinitis by putting additional stress on the tendon.

Symptoms typically include pain, tenderness, and swelling in the back of the heel or lower calf.

Treatment may involve rest, ice, compression, elevation, physical therapy, and in some cases, medication or orthotic devices.

It's important to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect you may have Achilles tendinitis to prevent it from becoming a chronic condition and to receive appropriate care.

Sever's disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is a common heel condition that affects children and adolescents during periods of rapid growth.

Despite its name, Sever's disease is not actually a disease, but rather an overuse injury that occurs at the growth plate in the heel bone (calcaneus).

It is most commonly seen in active children between the ages of 8 and 14 years, who are involved in sports or physical activities that involve repetitive impact on the heel, such as running, jumping, and playing sports like soccer or basketball.

The exact cause of Sever's disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from repetitive stress and tension on the growth plate in the heel.

During growth spurts, the bones in the body grow faster than the surrounding muscles and tendons, which can create tension at the growth plate. This tension can cause inflammation, pain, and swelling in the heel.

Symptoms of Sever's disease typically include pain and tenderness in the heel, especially during physical activity or when pressure is applied to the area.

Treatment for Sever's disease is usually conservative and focuses on relieving pain and reducing inflammation.

Some common treatment options include rest, ice, supportive footwear, stretching and strengthening, orthotic devices, pain medications, physiotherapy.

However, it may take several months or even up to a year for symptoms to fully resolve.

It is important to seek medical attention if your child is experiencing persistent or worsening heel pain to ensure proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a swelling located at the back of the knee.
It is named after Dr. William Baker, an English surgeon who first described the condition in the 19th century.

The cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops behind the knee joint, in an area called the popliteal fossa.

It can range in size from a small lump to a larger swelling that is noticeable when standing or walking.
In some cases, the cyst may be painless, while in others it can cause discomfort, stiffness, or a feeling of tightness in the knee.

Baker's cysts are often associated with knee problems such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or meniscal tears.

The cyst develops when excess joint fluid is pushed out of the knee joint and into the popliteal fossa.

This can happen due to increased pressure in the knee joint, which may be caused by inflammation, injury, or a mechanical issue.

Treatment for a Baker's cyst depends on the size and severity of the cyst and the underlying cause.

In some cases, no treatment may be necessary if the cyst is small and not causing any symptoms.
If the cyst is causing discomfort, treatment options may include medications, aspiration (draining the fluid with a needle), or surgery to remove the cyst or repair the underlying knee problem.

Physical therapy may also be recommended to help restore knee function and prevent future cysts from developing.