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Design and build

Source
The Statue of Liberty project was suggested by French politician and law professor Édouard René de Laboulaye in mid-1865. During an after-dinner conversation at his home near Versailles, Laboulaye, a man steadfastly supported the Union side in the American Civil War, stating that "if a monument should be erected in the United States as a memorial to their independence, I think it only natural that is if it is built by synergy - a joint work of both our countries."[6]

Laboulaye's statement was not intended to initiate the project but inspired a young sculptor, Frédéric Bartholdi, who was present at that dinner.[6] Because of the totalitarian regime of Napoleon III at that time, Bartholdi could not implement that idea other than discussing it with Laboulaye. On the contrary, Bartholdi contacted Ismail Pasha and the Khedive (sultan) of Egypt to submit a project to build a giant lighthouse in the shape of an ancient Egyptian female farmer, wearing a cloak and holding a torch. holdup. The statue will be located in Port Said at the northern entrance to the Suez Canal. The sketches and models were made as intended, but this lighthouse was not made.

Historically, there was once a classical statue erected on the banks of the Suez Canal; It is the Colossus of Rhodes, a bronze statue of the Greek sun god, Helios. This statue is said to be over 30 meters (100 ft) tall, standing at the entrance to the seaport, holding a lamp to guide ships.[7]

The subsequent Franco-Prussian War continued to delay the project to build a statue for America. Bartholdi had to enlist in the army, serving with the rank of major in the local army.[8] During this war, Emperor Napoleon III was captured and dethroned. Bartholdi's home province of Alsace was ceded to Prussia while in France, a new, more radical republic was formed.[6]

Bartholdi had long cherished the idea of ​​visiting the United States. After discussing with Laboulaye, he thought the time had come to consult American politics.[9] In June 1871, Bartholdi crossed the Atlantic with a letter of introduction signed by Laboulaye.[10] When arriving in New York City, Bartholdi chose Bedloe Island as the place to place the statue because he realized that this was an ideal location as ships entering and leaving New York Harbor would pass by this island. He was even more excited to learn that this island belonged to the US federal government because the New York State Assembly had previously ceded the island to the US government in 1800 for harbor defense. Bartholdi concluded in a letter to Laboulaye, "this land is common to all the states."[11] In addition to meetings with many New York notables, Bartholdi also visited President Ulysses Simpson Grant but Grant believes that requisitioning Bedloe Island as a place to erect a statue is very difficult.[12]

Bartholdi traveled across the east and west of the United States twice by train, meeting many Americans who supported the project.[10] However, Bartholdi believed that public opinion in both France and the US had not yet warmly received the project, so he and Laboulaye postponed it for a while, waiting for the day to open a public campaign.[13]

Bartholdi made the first model according to sketches in 1870.[14] According to the son of American artist John La Farge (Bartholdi's friend), sculptor Bartholdi created his first sketch during a visit to La Farge's gallery in Rhode Island, USA. Bartholdi continued to develop this sketch after returning to France.[14] When he returned to France, he made a number of sculptures that aroused the patriotism of the French despite defeat after the Franco-Prussian war. One of the statues of that period is the Lion of Belfort, a sandstone sculpture located at the foot of Belfort Fortress. This place during the war held out for more than three months during the Prussian siege. This indomitable lion is 22 meters (73 ft) long and more than 10 meters high, eloquently expressing the romantic lines that Bartholdi later incorporated into the Statue of Liberty.[15]

The Statue of Liberty (English: Statue of Liberty; full name is Liberty Enlightening the World; English: Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a bronze sculpture. Large neoclassical style bronze, located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, USA. This work was designed by French architect Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, its metal frame was made by Gustave Eiffel and was inaugurated on October 28, 1886. This is a gift from the French people to America.

The Statue of Liberty is shaped like a woman wearing a cloak, representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, holding a torch in her right hand and a slate tablet engraved with the date of American independence in the other. Ky. This statue is an exemplary symbol of the ideals of freedom as well as of the United States itself.

Architect Bartholdi was inspired by a statement made by French politician and law professor Édouard René de Laboulaye in 1865 that any monument erected to mark the independence of the United States would be worthwhile. is a joint project of both the French and American peoples. Because of the turbulent political situation in France, the project was postponed until the early 1870s. In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that France would sponsor the casting of the statue and America would build the pedestal and find a location for the statue. Bartholdi completed the statue's head and torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed. Parts of the statue are displayed for the public to see in many international exhibitions. The right arm holding the torch was displayed in New York City's Madison Square Park from 1876 to 1882. Fundraising promotion was difficult, especially on the American side. In 1885, work on the statue's pedestal was threatened with suspension due to lack of budget. Joseph Pulitzer, editor of the New York World newspaper, had to launch a fundraising campaign to complete the project. His campaign attracted over 120,000 supporters. Of those who contributed money, the majority contributed less than a dollar each.

The statue was built in France, packed in large crates and transported by ship, then assembled on a pedestal located on an island formerly known as Bedloe Island (now Liberty Island). To mark the statue's completion, a large parade took place in New York City. That was also the first time the public witnessed confetti falling on the street like falling snow. The inauguration ceremony was chaired by President Grover Cleveland.

The Statue of Liberty is designated a National Monument and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island and Liberty Island, initially managed by the United States Lighthouse Board. until 1901 and then the United States War Department; Since 1933, it has been managed by the US National Park Service.

The statue had to be closed for major renovation in 1938. In the early 1980s, because of signs of damage, the statue underwent another major restoration. During renovations from 1984 to 1986, the torch and much of the internal structure were also replaced. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, the Statue of Liberty was closed for security reasons; The statue's pedestal reopened in 2004 and the entire statue has welcomed visitors since 2009, but with a limited number allowed up to the crown. Authorities plan to close it for about a year, starting at the end of 2011, to equip an additional staircase. Access to the balcony surrounding the torch has been blocked for safety reasons since 1916

Symbol of peace

More than 100 years after its inauguration, in November 2015, a horrific terrorist attack occurred in Paris. People around the world simultaneously expressed grief, anger, shock, and many prayers for the city. And the symbol for a peaceful Paris was born.

The image "Praying for Paris", is made very simply, with a black circle, inside the Eiffel Tower. That simple but meaningful drawing has been shared thousands of times on social networks around the planet, along with the keyword (Pray for Paris).

People share the image widely as a symbol of a peaceful Paris, but no one wonders why the Eiffel Tower was chosen as a noble symbol filled with shared meaning. But perhaps there is no need for an answer, everyone understands that: the project is already in everyone's heart.

There are many stories about the Eiffel Tower, but that is enough to show that that tall tower in the heart of Paris, from a hated building, became the city's love and companion. France's long history has been full of ups and downs.

Love for the Eiffel Tower

As time passes, people gradually become familiar with the tallest tower in Paris, and then fall in love with that building without knowing it. In 1889 alone, there were nearly 2 million visitors, reaching a world tourism record at that time.

Eiffel has become an indispensable symbol for anyone when talking about Paris and is one of the most famous buildings in the world, even though many taller and more massive towers have been built in many other places. after that

There are people who have to go to France just to take pictures and record the most beautiful moments of their lives next to the tall tower. As for the people of Paris, Eiffel gradually becomes a simple part of daily life, a project associated with their homeland, with their lives, but also a historical testament of the people through two world wars. , so that the army could send guidance signals to the front in far away places.

The people's love for the tower is small but huge, because when France surrendered to Germany in World War II, people destroyed the entire elevator system of the tower to prevent the enemy from reaching the top. tower, to harm Eiffel, to harm Paris.

The process used to be overlooked

“People who love typical French art, in the name of French art and history being threatened, we - writers, painters, sculptors, architects, lovers of beauty. beautiful principles of Paris to date – writing criticism to build the Eiffel Tower and in vain right in the heart of the capital…. Just imagine a dangerous tower in the middle of Paris, like a black factory chimney, engulfing the Notre Dame Cathedral, the Sainte-Chapelle tower, the Louvre, the Invalides dome, the Arc de Triomphe. All our processes are denigrated, minimized and disappeared in this terrible dream….”

That is an excerpt from a joint letter from Parisian writers and artists sent to the Eiffel Tower Construction Management Board and the Paris city government, right from when the tower was still in its infancy.

Many French people once hated the Eiffel Tower bitterly. People do not understand why that block of iron could be built to be a highlight for an already artistic city like Paris.

There is even a story that famous writer Guy de Maupassant always had lunch every day at the restaurant in the Eiffel Tower, because this was the only place where he could not see it in sight.

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