Do you hear about Our People

During the time of Boris and Simeon, the Bulgarian state also experienced an unprecedented cultural flourishing, which began with the change of the then existing alphabet alphabet by Cyril and Methodius for the translation of Christian books, due to a misunderstanding of some Slavic letters, which were abolished, and the introduction of several Greek ones, which was later called the Cyrillic alphabet, was a huge corpus of medieval Bulgarian literature was created. Bulgarian literature is the oldest of the Slavic ones; it arose back in 886, with the emergence of the Preslav book school. And the Old Bulgarian language, also known as Church Slavonic, had a powerful influence on the Christianization of many Slavic countries (especially Kievan Rus) and the development of Slavic culture.

First Bulgarian Kingdom under Simeon I[18]
Until 865, the rulers of Bulgaria bore an unknown title (“khanas yuvigiy” - great khan, military leader and priest; “sarakt” - state). Under Prince Boris I, the country officially adopted Christianity (at that time the church was not yet divided into western and eastern branches) and the rulers began to bear the title of prince and then tsar. Under Tsar Simeon, the state reached its geopolitical apogee and included the territories of modern Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia, the eastern part of modern Hungary, as well as southern Albania, part of continental Greece, the southwestern part of Ukraine and almost the entire territory of European Turkey. Preslav became the capital, as opposed to the former pagan capital.

This alliance was mutually beneficial, although until the baptism of Bulgaria in 863, the Bulgarians constituted the aristocracy and the supremacy of the army. The official starting point for the existence of the First Bulgarian Khanate is the signing of an agreement between the Bulgarians and Byzantium after the military defeat of the latter (680-681) at the mouth of the Danube, according to which Byzantium undertook to pay tribute to the Bulgarians. The capital of the state was the city of Pliska. The state included Turkic-speaking proto-Bulgarians, Slavs and a small part of local Thracians. Subsequently, these ethnic groups formed the people of Slavic Bulgarians, who were named after the country and spoke the language from which modern Bulgarian originated. At the beginning of the 9th century, the territory of the state expanded significantly due to the conquered Avar Khaganate.

The Bulgarians carried out many raids in the Balkans in the 6th - early 7th centuries, so the Balkans were well known to them (Marcellinus Comitus in 491-498, the first raid; Zabergan in 558). On the territory of Byzantium north of the Balkan Mountains, the Slavic tribes were numerous, but due to their fragmentation they could not resist the well-organized Byzantine troops. The Slavs did not have mounted troops, the militia consisted only of infantry, and they needed an alliance with the mounted people. And the Bulgarians had one of the best cavalry of that time - among the Bulgarians, horse riding began at the age of 3-4 years. On the territory of modern northern Bulgaria there was an alliance of Seven Slavic tribes - from the Timok River to the west, the Balkan Mountains to the south, the Black Sea to the east and the Danube to the north - these were the Slavic tribes with which the Bulgarian Khan Asparukh entered into an alliance.

After the death of Khan Kubrat, the state collapsed and some tribes migrated in different directions: Khan Batbayan blocked the departure of his brothers; Khan Kotrag at the mouth of the K**a and Volga (Itil) founded Volga Bulgaria (66?-1237); Khan Asparukh went to Lesser Scythia (the mouth of the Danube), and from here he headed to the Balkans, founding the Bulgar Khanate. There is a legend that before his death, Khan Kubrat bequeathed to his sons to be united, like a bunch of arrows, but the Khazars managed to include Great Bulgaria in the Khazar Kaganate.

The name of the country comes from the name of the Turkic tribes, the Bulgars, who inhabited the steppes of the Northern Black Sea region to the Caspian Sea and the North Caucasus from the 4th century and migrated in the 2nd half of the 7th century, partially to the Danube region, and later to the Middle Volga region and a number of other regions. Some historians question the identification of the Bulgars as a Turkic tribe, hypothesizing their Northern Iranian origin[11][12]. The ethnonym “Bulgars” may have arisen from the proto-Turkic word bulģha (“to mix,” “to shake,” “to mix”) and its derivative bulgak (“uprising,” “disorder”)[13]. Alternative etymologies derive the origin of the ethnonym from Mongolian bulğarak ("to separate") or from a combination of Proto-Turkic bel ("five") and gur ("arrow" in the sense of "tribe"), a supposed division of the Utigurs or Onogurs ("ten tribes")

It is an industrial country with developed agriculture. One of the main sectors of the economy is also tourism and the service sector. The country is experiencing a demographic crisis and ranks 73rd in terms of life expectancy.
According to the IMF, GDP at PPP for 2018 amounted to $159.681 billion ($22,700 per person).
Member of the UN since 1955, OSCE since 1975, BSEC since 1992, Council of Europe since 1992, WTO since 1996, NATO since 2004 and EU since 2007. Go to the section “ Policy and the Armed Forces”

Parliamentary republic with presidential rule. In 2016, Rumen Radev was elected President of Bulgaria for a term of five years, and was subsequently re-elected for a second term in 2021. Go to the section “ ”
According to the administrative division, the country is divided into 28 regions, which are divided into 265 communities. Go to the section “ divisions”
According to the constitution, Bulgaria is a secular state. A significant part of the population (about 78%) professes Orthodoxy[10].Go to the “ ” section

The capital is Sofia. The official language is Bulgarian. The monetary unit is the Bulgarian lev.Go to the section “ ”[9]
The country was named after the ethnonym of the Bulgarians. The history of the state is connected with three kingdoms; the first appeared in 681, the last (third) in 1908. From 1946 to 1990 it was a communist country.
In the east it is washed by the Black Sea. It borders with Greece and Turkey in the south, with Serbia and North Macedonia in the west and Romania in the north. The total length of the borders is 2245 km, of which 1181 km are land, 686 km are river (of which 470 km are along the Danube) and 378 km are along the Black Sea. The greatest distance between the extreme geographical points is 520 km from west to east and 330 km from north to south. Go to the “ ” section

Bulgaria (Bulgarian: България [bɤɫˈgarijɐ]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria [8] (Bulgarian: Republic of Bulgaria [rɛˈpublʲikə bɤɫˈgarijɐ]) is a state in South-Eastern Europe, in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, occupies 22% of its area. Go to section " ". The population is 6,519,789 people. (for 2021), and the territory is 110,993 km². Bulgaria ranks 103rd in the world in terms of territory and 110th in population. In the European Union it ranks 11th and 16th in terms of territory and population, respectively. Go to the “ ” section