Kerrville Living

Sharing from Chris Bowerbank:

Imagine that there are several essential oil bottles on a table in front of you. Each was purchased from a different source online or from a retail store.

You have to choose which ones are really lavender essential oil.

All of the labels say "lavender essential oil".

All of the bottles are beautifully labeled and say "pure lavender essential oil", "100% pure lavender oil”, "Lavandula angustifolia essential oil", "true lavender", or "organic lavender".

How do you know which one(s) are authentic lavender? Looking at the labels alone, it would seem that all of them are.

Tyler Wilson, our Director of Plant Research at the D. Gary Young Research Institute, asked that question and purchased commercial lavender samples from around the world.

After laboratory analysis, his team found that 75% of the purchased bottles of lavender were adulterated.

What does "adulterated" mean? It means that 75% of the samples were either diluted with carrier oils (without disclosing it on the label), contained lavandin (instead of lavender), had something else added to the lavender oil, or were a different species of lavender other than Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (true lavender).

How can you be certain that the lavender you are buying is ? Buy from a company who has 30+ years of experience growing lavender, as well as in-house laboratories to verify that every essential oil you receive meets a strict standard.

If you would like to read the details of the study, the link is provided in the first comment below.

🎉🎉 Celebrating Young livings 30th convention New Products!

Y’all, I’m beyond excited about these products, especially this new wake up diffuser! 🌅🌄

Okay and the magnesium, and the boost packets, and the legacy 30 oil…

It’s hard to pick favorites when you were needing all these things! Guess they knew I wasn’t the only 1 looking for these products! 😂

"I will NEVER sell out. We will never abandon this business model. We are NOT that kind of a business.

How do you sell loyalty? Mission? Purpose? Family?

If you chase the dollar, you will always hop from company to company.

We are not here for the dollar. We are here for YOU. Young Living was built for YOUR benefit. Your joy, your wellness and your blessing." -Mary Young

Our summer sale is coming in hot! 🔥

If you need help deciding what to grab, let me know! 😉

Enjoy 15 percent off sitewide with a minimum purchase of 100 PV. This offer is valid on one-time and first-time loyalty orders from June 25 at 12 a.m., MDT, through June 27 at 11:59 p.m., MDT.

🎉🌿Say hello to simple, easy-to-share JUNE gift with purchase tiers! We’re streamlining our GWP promotion to make it easier than ever to earn and share rewards! This month, enjoy three simple tiers: 100 PV (loyalty order only), 200 PV, and 300 PV.

Here’s everything you can earn in June:

☀️ 100 PV loyalty order

Valor® essential oil blend, 5 ml

Value: $58.55

YLtip: Diffuse the inspiring scent while you work to align your mind, body, and spirit during hectic summer moments.

☀️ 200 PV one-time and loyalty order

Northern Lights™ Black Spruce essential oil, 5 ml

Value: $94.73

YLtip: Massage onto tired muscles after a long day of yardwork, hiking, or biking.

Also includes:

Loyalty order: Valor essential oil blend, 5 ml

☀️ 300 PV one-time and loyalty order

Super B™ tablets

Value: $124.66

YLtip: Jump-start busy summer days with this super blend of all eight B vitamins and bioavailable minerals.

Also includes:

Loyalty order: Valor essential oil blend, 5 ml

Northern Lights Black Spruce essential oil, 5 ml

Plus, exclusively for June loyalty orders, enjoy 15 percent off our SleepEssence™ supplement and 10-pack of CBD Muscle Rub Sample Tins

The Premium Starter Bundle with Desert Mist™ Diffuser includes everything you need to jump-start your clean living journey at the best value.
All new customers who order $100 or more will automatically get a 24% discount for a year. For April get an extra 20% off your order, click our link in the bio!

🍀🍀 Let’s make some green things for St. Patty’s day!

Love enhancing our shakes & this makes it fun for the kids & it’s good for them! 🤫

What else are you making or drinking that will be 🍀?

📣📣📣 Many of you may already be aware of the Ap€€l label funded by G@tes. But in case you’re not, please read this info, click on the links to educate yourself and then pay attention at the grocery store so you are not purchasing any produce with this label

It's a chemical ‘preservative’, waxy coating that makes old produce ‘appear’ fresh and cannot be scrubbed or washed off

Sadly, it is also on many organic produce as well

Check out these links so that you are informed and know why produce with Ap€€l coating should never be in your home or in your body:

https://returntonow.net/2023/04/23/avoid-produce-with-the-new-ap*el-label-like-the-plague/

https://www.momsacrossamerica.com/ap*el

https://deeprootsathome.com/ap*el-fruit-veggie-coating-not-appealing/?fbclid=IwAR2QplBJnAHYm3Gs0GWB3l2uV1z-PwJ0EDgdPQRuYGBctzzK6_ne-OtAHGk_aem_AZg8vKt22bsIGn9cMzJ8yuHm9OhxZYZrg-CURg5EwO7TzrvZwV2Pb9F6tVqSCnKxHaM

Yeah for back in stock products!

So glad stress away is back, this momma needs it!

With March here, it’s time to blossom into the new season with our exclusive monthly gifts with purchase! Welcome the beauty of spring with floral-fresh scents and zesty boosts that add a touch of springtime magic to your seasonal routines.

🌲🌲Loyalty orders🌲🌲

300 PV tier:

Retail value: $237.18

Joy™ essential oil blend, 15 ml

250 PV tier:

Retail value: $173.69

Geranium essential oil, 15 ml

190 PV tier

Retail value: $110.86

Loyalty order: Gathering™ essential oil blend, 5 ml

BLOOM by Young Living® essential oil blend, 5 ml

100 PV tier

Retail value: $16.45

Loyalty order: Jade Lemon essential oil, 5 ml

✨✨One-time orders✨✨

300 PV tier:

Retail value: $175.66

Joy™ essential oil blend, 15 ml

250 PV tier:

Retail value: $112.17

Geranium essential oil, 15 ml

190 PV tier

Retail value: $49.34

BLOOM by Young Living® essential oil blend, 5 ml

With this weather going from 20 to 74 to 40…..

Y’all if you like me we need some extra breathing support! For real, it’s been crazy!

Plus the cedar is still popping, so breathe in some oils before heading outside!

WOW!!!!

“A couple quick stats I wanted to share around the Ningxia Reset kit:
The Ningxia Reset Make a Shift kit has so far sold more than 600% more than any of the previous Make a Shift kits during the first 4 days of launch.
We’ve sold 35% of the month 1 forecast in just 4 days! Don’t worry - we have plenty of inventory as we build these in house.
45% of enrollments since Saturday have joined with the Reset Kit. Much higher % than I expected initially.
Great indicators so far!

Who got this kit? 🙋🏽‍♀️🙋🏽‍♀️🙋🏽‍♀️🙋🏽‍♀️

And who is starting the reset next Monday? 🙋🏽‍♀️

THIEVES CHEST RUB- Free product this month! 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉

A must-have for every medicine cabinet, Thieves Chest Rub is a 100% plant-based alternative for over-the-counter cough and congestion relief. This natural chest rub soothes sniffles, coughs, and congestion for the whole family with a powerful blend of essential oils and natural, plant-based ingredients. Plus the super easy to use bottle doesn't even require you to get your hands messy!!

The formula is free of petroleum, parabens, phthalates, mineral oil, synthetic perfumes or dyes, artificial colors, or preservatives and still packs an incredible punch when it comes to cough and cold! Pure ingredients and all the power of Thieves kicking that chest congestion to the curb? We will take some of that!

WHY WE LOVE IT

• Provides maximum-strength cough relief and acts as a cough suppressant

• Supports healthy breathing

• Provides aromatic vapors that soothe nasal passages

• Acts quickly to provide relief

• Helps relieve chest aches associated with colds

• Temporarily relieves stuffiness, cough, and congestion from minor throat and bronchial irritation

• Formulated for ages 2 and up

• Formulated free of petroleum, parabens, phthalates, mineral oil, synthetic perfumes or dyes, artificial colors, preservatives, or GMO ingredients

• Derived naturally from plants

• Features hands-free application

Sadly, conventional chest rubs are filled with synthetic additives and diluents, and even the ‘natural' options are less than ideal. Many options use petroleum as a base. Petroleum (petrolatum) is often not fully refined in the US, which means it can be contaminated with toxic chemicals called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

KEY INGREDIENTS

• Camphor (5.3%): Fast-acting cough suppressant and topical analgesic

• Menthol (2.8%): Cough suppressant to support healthy breathing and temporarily soothe nasal passages

• Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (1.3%): Cough suppressant and respiratory support

• Thieves essential oil blend: Young Living's proprietary blend that supports overall wellness and immune systems

Many ‘natural' chest rubs contain impure essential oils or other lower-grade components that don't meet the same standards as the ingredients found in Young Living products. The active ingredient in the most popular over the counter chest rub is actually a synthetic version of Ravintsara essential oil! And we are always going to choose the original over a synthetic copy, especially when it comes to our health and our children's health!

TO USE:

• For adults and children ages 2 and up, rub a thick layer on the chest and throat as desired. Keep clothing loose around the throat and chest so vapors can reach the nose and mouth.

• Use up to 3 times daily or as directed by a doctor.

Did you get Thieves Chest Rub free this month?

INTRODUCING THE NEWEST MAKE A SHIFT KIT!

💃🏼🍷 THE NINGXIA RESET KIT!!! 💃🏼🍷

Did you know that NingXia Red is Young Living’s #1 global product?? When someone jumps into Young Living with NingXia Red, they fall in love with this product and 40% order again! When new customers grab their NingXia Red on Loyalty Rewards from very beginning that percentage of ordering again goes up to 88%! WOW! That’s HUGE! 🥰

❤️ NingXia Red contains the puree from the whole Ningxia wolfberries. Young Living uses all of the valuable parts—the juice, p*el, seeds, and fruit—to ensure that each bottle contains the optimal blend of nutrients offered by this extraordinary fruit. We use the whole fruit so you can support your good health and overall wellness, head to toe. 👊🏻

Take a daily shot and experience:

- Increased energy levels

- Improved sleep patterns, increasing time asleep

- Healthy digestion

- Healthy inflammation levels

- Whole-body health

- Preventative to oxidative stress + supports normal cellular function

- Normal eye health

You may have seen all the buzz about the 14 Day Reset and wondered what it is. It’s a TRANSFORMATIVE 2 week Brand Partner developed program that is based on drinking NingXia Red, movement, healthy eating, hydration and more! Young Living has created this brand new Make A Shift - Reset Kit especially for those who are ready to jump into the Reset! The 14 Day Reset takes place every month for 2 weeks. Many people have participated for months and months. The testimonials are INCREDIBLE! 🔥🔥🔥🔥

The GORGEOUS NingXia Reset box delivers ultimate convenience. The packaging is beautiful and has the protocol written on the inside of box along with 51 sachets of NingXia Red!!

Sip your way to a healthier routine!! 🍷🍷 And the Reset Kit is available for everyone without limits right now!! You best believe I’m grabbing one so I can share and shout the benefits of NingXia Red from the rooftops! 📣📣📣

🍷 NingXia Red Reset Kit

Item #46590

$129 | 129PV

FOR NEW CUSTOMERS - $103 with the SHAREYL code in January!!!!

After you go through the 14 Day Reset, the best bang for your buck is to order the NingXia Red Loyalty Rewards kit each month!! ❤️

✨✨ JANUARY GIFTS WITH PURCHASE ✨✨

Make a shift away from synthetics by ringing in the new year with January’s gift with purchase! Shine inside and out with this month’s wellness essentials. Plus, get 15 percent off our DiGize® essential oil blend (15 ml) and NingXia Greens powder on loyalty orders starting Monday, January 1, at 12 a.m., MT—only while supplies last!

Grapefruit Bergamot YL Vitality™ Drops: Crush your New Year’s resolution to drink more water free of sugar or artificial colors with Grapefruit Bergamot YL Vitality Drops!

Thieves® Chest Rub: Fight the cold spells with Thieves Chest Rub, our naturally derived plant-based alternative for over-the-counter cough and congestion relief and a natural way to wind down before bed for a restful night's sleep.

Peppermint essential oil, 15 ml: Diffuse Peppermint essential oil at home to bring the sensation of fresh air indoors on those chilly days when temperatures drop and you crave the outdoors.

Inner Beauty Collagen™ powder: Turn back the clock just a little with each scoop of antioxidant-rich Inner Beauty Collagen powder and embrace self-love inside and out!

Super C™ tablets: Stock up on your Super C tablets to boost your immune, respiratory, and circulatory function. This supplement is fortified with rutin, citrus bioflavonoids, and minerals to balance electrolytes and enhance the effectiveness and absorption of vitamin C.

Loyalty Orders

300 PV tier:

Retail value: $221.07

Super C™ tablets

250 PV tier:

Retail value: $172.71

Inner Beauty Collagen™ powder

190 PV tier:

Retail value: $86.51

Loyalty order: Thieves® Chest Rub

Peppermint essential oil, 15 ml

100 PV tier:

Retail value: $14.47

Loyalty order: YL Vitality Drops, Grapefruit Bergamot

One-time Orders

300 PV tier:

Retail value: $166.13

Super C™ tablets

250 PV tier:

Retail value: $117.77

Inner Beauty Collagen™ powder

190 PV tier:

Retail value: $32.57

Peppermint essential oil, 15 ml

YES!!🎉🎉🎉

Get 15% off two of our January must-haves – NingXia Greens & DiGize! Shine inside and out with these two amazing digestive products. 👇

15 % off DiGize essential oil blend (15 ml) and NingXia Greens powder on Loyalty orders starting Monday, January 1, at 12 a.m., MT—only while supplies last!

What a fun perk for our most loyal customers! 🎉🎉🎉

I’m going to be doing a 14 day reset starting January 15th!! 🎉🎉

😳 These are so many incredible before and after pics from both so I cannot wait to you to join me! If you’ve never jumped in on the lymph challenge but have been thinking about it, now is the time to start with the reset!! Do the 14 day reset with me!

🙋🏽‍♀️ You’re going to feel AMAZING next year. Decide now!

Although so many people loose inches, weight and bloating… THIS reset is really about much more than weight loss. It’s about resetting your health, focusing on putting good things in your body, (NOT counting calories, not starving yourself, not crazy workouts), but doing the RIGHT things for your health. The testimonies we had last year were powerful, and again, not just focused on weight loss, but on establishing patterns of health that will transform the way you FEEL as well as the way your clothes fit.

🙋🏽‍♀️ If you are looking for something to start off the new year, I promise you, THIS is it.

Tonight we are explaining how it all works on a zoom call if you want to take a look - comment RESET for the link!

🏘️ The reset info, group, community and support, the recipes, the guide, the education - it’s all free for anyone who joins us. You will just need to order Ningxia and commit to change.

If you are new I have an extra discount code for you. 🛟💲

Comment RESET below for the info, or LINK for the zoom link for Tonight!

Here is a message from Michelle Shinn YL!

Now that the dust has settled a bit after our wildly successful Black Friday and Cyber Monday sales, I wanted to point out some enhancements that our supply chain digital team made to assist you in tracking your orders. 📦📦📦

Our partnership with Route continues to progress with new notifications to keep you informed of your order progress. As before, these notifications will be sent by email, SMS texts and push notifications. 📧💬📲

Did you know…❓

….that you can now see the items that are in your shipment?

As promised, you can now see what product is in your shipment without having to go to your order history.

Did you know…❓

…that you will now be notified when high volume periods cause fulfillment delays?

Instead of seeing “processing in warehouse” and wondering what is going on, if there is a fulfillment delay longer than 3 days from any distribution center, you will be notified.

Did you know...❓
..Route tracks carbon neutral shipments. The latest update is that 1,704,245 million carbon neutral shipments were made to Young Living members! Each of you are a part of YL’s ongoing efforts to partner with like-minded suppliers who support environmental initiatives. Thanks to this partnership, 813 TONS 🌎 🌎 of carbon emissions were neutralized!

Thank you for your support of Young Living!!

P.S. If you haven't already - grab that Route App! You'll be glad you did!

From YL:

The holiday season is fast approaching, and higher-than-normal shipping volumes are expected.

Review the list of recommended holiday shipping cut-off dates (and check it twice!) to help make sure your gifts will arrive in time for December 25th.

Economy Shipping: December 7th, 2023
Standard Shipping: December 11th, 2023
Expedited Shipping: December 13th, 2023

🎁✨ Get ready for our merriest Cyber Monday sale ever!

Mark your calendars so you can unwrap the excitement on Monday, November 27. Holiday magic will meet incredible savings with 50 percent off both the Aria™ Diffuser and the Calm Recovery Essentials™. We’re also offering the exclusive Simplified by Jacob + Kait™ Cozy Chai™ essential oil blend, made just for the smell of it™. Plus, order 100+ PV and score free economy shipping!

These festive Cyber Monday specials are yours from 9 a.m.–11:59 p.m., MT, on one-time orders only—and first-time loyalty orders for new enrollees. It’s charming deals, exclusive products, free shipping, and holiday cheer all rolled into one! So seize the day—and the deals—while this sale lasts! 🌟🎄

TOMORROW - SMALL BUSINESS SATURDAY DEALS FOR NEW CUSTOMERS!!! (Plus a NEW Holiday Bundle only available through Nov. 30th!)

Young Living is sharing the love on Small Business Saturday with FREE SHIPPING and a FREE DewDrop diffuser for New Customers/Brand Partners!

Starting TOMORROW from 9am MT November 22nd through 11:59pm MT on November 27th, when a new customer, places a first time order of 100+ PV, they will receive a FREE DewDrop Diffuser! If they choose to make their order a Loyalty Rewards order, they will also get FREE SHIPPING!

AND they can get an additional 10% off with the code “SHAREYL”!

SOME OF OUR FAVORITES…

🎁🎁 NEW Holiday Magic Starter Bundle: This holiday-themed treasure trove will transform your home into a winter wonderland! LIMITED TIME - Only available until Thursday, November 30, at 11:59 p.m., MT.!!!

* Vanilla oleoresin, 5mL: Invites a moment of calm, enveloping your space in a warm, cozy embrace.

* Christmas Spirit oil blend, 15mL: Rekindles holiday memories with its festive and uplifting aroma.

* Grapefruit, 15mL: Freshens up your space for festive gatherings with its vibrant scent

* Peppermint, 15mL: Creates a refreshing breathing experience during the cold winter months.

* Pine, 15 mL: This evergreen oil smells amazing and boosts the immune system!

* Christmas Spirit Hand Soap, 3 pk.: A delicious smelling soap that leaves hands soft and clean. Keep one at each sink!

* Dewdrop Diffuser: Transforms your space with 10 hours of diffusion and 11 glowing light options.

🎁 Thieves Home Loyalty Bundle: everything you need to get your home holiday ready with all-natural, plant-based cleaners!

Thieves Household Cleaner, plus an amber glass spray

Thieves Foaming Hand Soap

Thieves Laundry Soap

Thieves Fruit & Veggie Soak

Thieves Dish Soap

Thieves Kitchen & Bath Scrub

Thieves oil blend: The original germ-kicking blend we love to diffuse, use in DIYs, and add to our wellness routines!

Lemon: This oil is bright, fresh, and clean and a staple in our households.

🎁 Make a Shift Daily Wellness Kit: Keep your health a top priority this season with these fan favorites.

NingXia Red, 30 count singles: NingXia Red is your daily wellness drink! This antioxidant powerhouse delivers nutrients, vitamins, and minerals to your system so you can have healthy energy levels, support heart, eye, brain, and nervous system health, keep soft, glowing skin, and much more!

NingXia Nitro, 14 ct: Say goodbye to brain fog with NingXia Nitro! NingXia Nitro is a delicious, energizing wolfberry drink infused with essential oils, botanical extracts, D-ribose, Korean ginseng, and green tea extract to support alertness and cognitive and physical fitness.

Orange Vitality: Cold-pressed from the rinds of oranges grown in Costa Rica, Orange essential oil has a sweet, authentic aroma reminiscent of a freshly p*eled orange.

Lime Vitality: his citrus oil is bright and happy and adds a little bit of zest to all your favorite foods and drinks! But Lime is more than just a fun time! Lime essential oil is unique in that it is 100% bioflavonoid. Not only are bioflavonoids impressive in and of themselves, but they also help maximize the benefits of vitamin C by inhibiting its breakdown in the body.

MORE DETAILS...

* Free DewDrop diffuser offer is valid from Wednesday, November 22, at 9 a.m., MT, to Monday, November 27, at 11:59 p.m., MT. for new members only.

* All enrolling orders, one-time or loyalty, of 100+ PV will earn the free Dewdrop Diffuser. Free shipping will apply only to enrolling loyalty orders of 100+ PV.

* The Holiday Magic Bundle is only available until Thursday, November 30, at 11:59 p.m., MT.

Order using my referral link: https://www.youngliving.com/us/en?enrollerid=1369849

Today’s the day 🎁

MORE BLACK FRIDAY DETAILS!

Today, the Sales will be turned off until it goes LIVE at 10 am central…You will see the first photo below. ⬇️

When the sale goes LIVE, there will be a shopping que that looks like the second photo below. ⬇️⬇️

Once your turn to shop comes up, you can go directly to the Black Friday shopping page with the link below OR you can also go to your Wishlist if you created one.

Be ready to grab your spot in line!

***NOTE that at 10 am central everything will be adjusted to the Black Friday sale pricing.***

YL BLACK FRIDAY SALE STARTS TOMORROW MT!!!

25%-50% off 120+ items!

You can check out the sale items and make your wishlists starting NOW!!!

https://www.youngliving.com/us/en/category/black-friday

***NOTE THAT THE PRICES YOU SEE RIGHT NOW ON THE WEBSITE ARE REGULAR PRICING. Tomorrow at 9am MT they will be adjusted to the Black Friday sale pricing.***

See all the details with the sale prices in the graphics below!

2 things I know are true…

It’s hunting season, so we make our own cover up spray! Not that toxic animal p*e stuff….🫣

And I am still in fall mode, so I will spray my wreath with oils before you come over! 😉
It usually smells like cinnamon & oranges, one of my favorite combos for fall!

Am I the only one who sprays their wreaths before visitors?

The season of gathering and giving thanks is upon us! Prepare your heart and home with November’s free gifts with purchase.

Start by infusing your feast with Grapefruit Vitality™ oil and inviting an atmosphere of thankfulness and togetherness with the scents of Gratitude™ and One Heart™ blends. As the seasons change, support respiratory and immune health with Inner Defense® softgels.* Then take a breather from the busy holiday season with R.C.™ essential oil blend and freshen up your place with the sweet aroma of Citrus Fresh™ essential oil blend.

Loyalty orders

300 PV tier:

Retail value: $224.67

Citrus Fresh™ essential oil blend, 15 ml

R.C. ™ essential oil blend, 15 ml

250 PV tier:

Retail value: $166.77

One Heart™ essential oil blend, 5 ml

190 PV tier

Retail value: $102.95

Loyalty order: Gratitude™ essential oil blend, 5 ml

Inner Defense® softgels, 30 ct.

100 PV tier

Retail value: $11.51

Loyalty order: Grapefruit Vitality™ essential oil, 5 ml

One-time orders

300 PV tier:

Retail value: $224.67

Citrus Fresh™ essential oil blend, 15 ml

R.C. ™ essential oil blend, 15 ml

250 PV tier:

Retail value: $71.38

One Heart essential oil blend, 5 ml

190 PV tier

Retail value: $51.64

Inner Defense softgels, 30 ct.

Get your shareables: https://bit.ly/3SjRkqd

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Pumpkin preserving spray
A quick and easy DIY this season to clean your pumpkins and keep critters from nibbling on them. (As long as it’s not cracked this works!)

Supplies:
Thieves cleaner
Spray bottle
Young Living Tea Tree essential oil
Water

The nice thing is that since Thieves cleaner is nontoxic, once the season is over, you can crack one open for wild animals like squirrels, chipmunks, deer or livestock like goats, pigs, chickens, cows to consume. Using Thieves makes it safe to feed pumpkins to animals later instead of just throwing the pumpkin away. (Never use bleach on a pumpkin for this reason)

When you’re ready to discard your real pumpkins, find a friend with livestock (if you don’t have any already) or crack it open for the wild animals that grace you or a friend’s your property. Deer especially love pumpkin!

TIP: Melrose or Purification essential oil also work if you don’t have Tea Tree.

As we move forward, one of the most important things we can do is to truly take care of our bodies!! We are going to need to make a super safe place for our soul so we can discern what’s to come. Be on purpose, don’t neglect your health dear friends 🫶🏻

My PSA for today ❤️

Fall is in the air, so it's time to infuse those spicy scents into your home! 🍁

🧡 Pumpkin Spice Room Spray will freshen up any space with the fragrance of fall.