Passrdcs.com

Physics and Instrumentation Cardiac ultrasound, or echocardiography, relies on the generation, propagation, reflection, and reception of generated sound waves. Understanding the basic physics of sound wave behavior is essential for understanding image generation. Sound is a mechanical vibration transmitted through an elastic medium. When it propagates through the air at the appropriate frequency, sound may produce the sensation of hearing. Ultrasound includes that portion of the sound spectrum having a frequency greater than 20,000 cycles which is considerably above the audible range. The use of ultrasound to study the structure and function of the heart and great vessels defines the field of echocardiography. The production of ultrasound for diagnostic purposes involves complex physical principles and sophisticated instrumentation. As technology has evolved, a thorough understanding of these principles mandates an extensive background in physics and engineering. Fortunately, the use of echocardiography for clinical purposes does not require a complete mastery of the physics and instrumentation involved in the creation of the ultrasound image. However, a basic understanding of these facts is necessary to take full advantage of the technique and to appreciate the strengths and limitations of the technology. This review is intended principally as a clinical guide to the broad field of echocardiography, to be used by clinicians, students, and sonographers concerned more about the practical application of the technology than the underlying physics. For this reason, an extensive description of the physics and engineering of ultrasound is beyond the scope of this review. Instead, we will focus on those aspects of physics and instrumentation that are relevant to the understanding of ultrasound and its practical application to patient care. In addition, many of the newer technical advances in ultrasound instrumentation are presented briefly, primarily to provide the reader a sense of the changing and ever-improving nature of echocardiography. In doing so you will be well prepared for your S.P.I Examinations and should feel confident opporating you machine

2024 is gonna be a good one, thank you for showing up, especially those attempting to pass after failing!

Refraction of the Ultrasound Beam

Those waves are on the go

The Gang Explains Axial Resolution

What the PRF Formula you ask? Ask no more!

What are mirror image artifacts?

Whats important about speed in Ultrasound?

What is Spacial Pulse Length?

Beaware of Artifacts

The impact. of single focus on Temporal Resolution

Does pulse change?

The Pulse Repetition Frequency in Ultrasound

Why is PRF crucial?

The Intensity Formula

Period why is it important?

What's Duty Factor?

Let me tell you 'bout this magical science Where sound waves create an image, it's a reliance It's called sonography, yeah, that's the name Capturing pictures without causing any pain, yeah (oh-yeah) [Chorus] You see, sonography, it's all about the sound It's like a secret language, that's how it's profound The waves bounce back and create a visual treat Sonography, it's amazing, ain't it sweet? (oh-yeah, yeah-yeah)