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24/07/2022

Elephants and humans have similar self-soothing techniques.

Elephant calves will suck their trunks to comfort themselves. The babies do it for the same reason humans do (it mimics the action of suckling their mothers).

23/07/2022

TikTok Ramen

INGREDIENTS
2 (3 oz.) packages instant ramen (spice packet discarded)
2 tbsp. unsalted butter
1/2 medium red bell pepper, stemmed, seeded, and chopped
1 small carrot, peeled, trimmed, and thinly sliced into rounds
2 cloves garlic, minced
large pinch red pepper flakes
3 tbsp. low-sodium soy sauce
3 tbsp. light brown sugar
3 large eggs, lightly beaten
1 tbsp. everything bagel seasoning
Chopped scallions, for serving
DIRECTIONS
1. In a medium pot of boiling water, cook the ramen noodles according to package instructions. Drain and set aside.
2. Meanwhile, melt the butter in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high. Add the bell pepper and carrot, and cook until, stirring often, until softened, about 4 minutes. Add the garlic and chile flakes, and cook, stirring, until fragrant and golden, about 1 minute. Add the soy sauce and brown sugar and cook, stirring, until sugar is dissolved and sauce is boiling, about 15 seconds.
3. Add the cooked noodles and toss to coat. Push the noodles to one half of the skillet and add the egg to the other half. Season eggs with salt and pepper. Let sit until the very edges look like they are about to set, about 20 seconds. Stir occasionally, using a wooden spoon or spatula until soft curds form, about 3 minutes.
4. Combine noodles and eggs and spoon into bowls.
5. Sprinkle with everything bagel seasoning and green onion.

22/07/2022

Humpback whales use bubbles to hunt.

You might think that a whale's massive size is the only edge they'd need when it comes to hunting in the open waters. But humpback whales actually team up to use a "bubble-net" technique in order to catch their prey. "Sometimes, the whales will swim in an upward spiral and blow bubbles underwater, creating a circular 'net' of bubbles that makes it harder for fish to escape," Science News reports.

21/07/2022

Megalodon Mystery: What Killed Earth's Largest Shark?

Megalodon, the most massive shark ever to prowl the oceans, may have gotten so big that it was prone to extinction.

For some mysterious reason, though the biggest and smallest members of the species were the same length, many of the giant sea monsters got longer over a 14-million-year period, and then, they all went extinct, new research suggests..

Although it's not clear why the behemoths were getting bigger over evolutionary time, their big size may have made them more vulnerable to extinction, said study co-author Catalina Pimiento, a biology doctoral candidate at the University of Florida and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. She presented her findings here at the 73rd annual Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting.
Bigger is better?

Megalodon could grow up to 60 feet (18 meters) long and had a bite more powerful than that of a Tyrannosaurus rex. The sea monsters terrorized the oceans from about 16 million to 2 million years ago. Though that may seem like a long reign, other shark species have survived for 50 million years or more without significant changes in body plan, Pimiento said.

"This species is not as successful as we think," Pimiento said. "A lot of sharks that were alive during the time of Megalodon are still around today."
Megalodon's short history made Pimiento ask whether the shark's body size affected its evolutionary success.

"Body size affects nearly every aspect of an organism's biology and ecology," Pimiento told LiveScience. "When you have a very large organism like Megalodon, that can be very good or very bad."

Bigger animals can eat a wider range of foods and be fiercer predators than their pip-squeak pals. But because they eat more types of animals they also have more competition for those animals, and the ecosystem can support a lower population density of them since they need more resources — including space — to survive. When food supplies dwindled, these giant creatures could have had a tough time finding enough food, Pimiento said.

Bigger over time

Pimiento went to several museums around the world and measured the tooth size of about 400 specimens of Megalodon. Based on those measurements, she estimated their final body size before extinction.

She concluded that while the size of the biggest and smallest of the animals didn't change over time, there were more of the bigger beasts during the later periods of its evolution.

It's still not clear exactly why the behemoths got bigger, but Pimiento plans to look at climate data and information on other species to tease that out.

"Perhaps something was going on with the productivity and climate that produced that pattern, or with their prey and their competitors that made the species become large," Pimiento said.

Either way, being so huge may have made them more vulnerable to extinction. Though the mega-sharks died off, their close relatives — great white sharks — still terrorize the seas today.

"The possible body size increase in the megalodon lineage over geologic time will need to be tested further by examining megalodon collections throughout the world, but the idea is important to understand the rise and extinction of the top predator lineage that must have had a significant impact to the ocean ecology," said Kenshu Shimada, a paleobiologist at DePaul University in Chicago, who was not involved in the study.

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