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Clinical case study: comment your answer

Which medical condition is this, And what nerve is damaged?

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Ameloblastoma(mandibular tumor) is a rare, noncancerous (benign) tumor that develops most often in the jaw near the molars. Ameloblastoma begins in the cells that form the protective enamel lining on your teeth.
The most common type of ameloblastoma is aggressive, forming a large tumor and growing into the jawbone. Treatment may include surgery and radiation. In some cases, reconstruction may be necessary to restore your teeth, jaw and facial appearance. Some types of ameloblastoma are less aggressive. Though ameloblastoma is most often diagnosed in adults in their 30s through 60s, ameloblastoma can occur in children and young adults. Ameloblastoma begins in the cells that form the protective enamel lining on your teeth. Rarely, it may start in gum tissue. The exact cause of the tumor is unclear, but several genetic changes (mutations) may be involved in the development of ameloblastoma. These changes may impact the location of the tumor, the type of cells involved and how fast the tumor grows.
Ameloblastomas are generally classified by type, but they can also be classified by cell type. The four main types include:✅Conventional ameloblastoma: This is the most common type and grows aggressively, usually in the lower jawbone, and approximately 10% recur after treatment.✅Unicystic ameloblastoma: This type is less aggressive, but typically occurs at a younger age. The tumor is often in the back of the lower jawbone at the molars. Recurrence is possible after treatment.✅Peripheral ameloblastoma: This type is rare and affects the gums and oral tissue in the upper or lower jaw. The tumor has a low risk of recurrence after treatment.✅Metastasizing ameloblastoma: This type is very rare and is defined by tumor cells that occur away from the primary site in the jaw.

Rarely, ameloblastoma can become cancerous (malignant). Very rarely, ameloblastoma cells can spread to other areas of the body (metastasize), such as the lymph nodes in the neck and lungs.
Ameloblastoma may recur after treatment.

What’s your Dx and Rx?

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Neurofibromatoses are a group of genetic disorders that cause tumors to form on nerve tissue. These tumors can develop anywhere in the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and nerves. There are three types of neurofibromatosis: neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis. NF1 is usually diagnosed in childhood, while NF2 and schwannomatosis are usually diagnosed in early adulthood. The tumors in these disorders are usually noncancerous (benign), but sometimes can become cancerous (malignant). Symptoms are often mild. However, complications of neurofibromatosis can include hearing loss, learning impairment, heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) problems, loss of vision, and severe pain.

Neurofibromatosis treatment focuses on encouraging healthy growth and development in children who are affected by the disorder and on early management of complications. When neurofibromatosis causes large tumors or tumors that press on a nerve, surgery can reduce symptoms. Some people may benefit from other therapies, such as stereotactic radiosurgery or medications to control pain. A new medication is available to treat tumors in children, and other new treatments are being developed. There isn't a cure for neurofibromatosis, but signs and symptoms can be managed. Generally, the sooner someone is under the care of a doctor trained in treating neurofibromatosis, the better the outcome. The biggest risk factor for neurofibromatosis is a family history of the disorder. About half of people who have NF1 and NF2 inherited the disease from an affected parent. People who have NF1 and NF2 and whose relatives aren't affected are likely to have a new gene mutation.
NF1 and NF2 are both autosomal dominant disorders, meaning that any child of a parent who is affected by the disorder has a 50% chance of inheriting the genetic mutation.

The inheritance pattern for schwannomatosis is less clear.

Identify the specimen with precision?
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A cryptic pregnancy (or stealth pregnancy) is when a pregnant person doesn’t know they’re pregnant. It can happen to people who have irregular periods, don’t know the common signs of pregnancy In some cases, a person may only realize they’re pregnant because labor begins.
Most people realize they’re pregnant somewhere between four and 12 weeks of pregnancy. This could be because they have symptoms of pregnancy or because they missed their period. A positive result on a pregnancy test can confirm pregnancy. With a cryptic pregnancy, nothing triggers a person to believe they’re pregnant. This could be because they don’t have symptoms of pregnancy or mistake symptoms of pregnancy as a virus, or their pregnancy test result was wrong. People with a cryptic pregnancy have the same symptoms as a normal pregnancy. The key difference is that the pregnant person doesn’t realize pregnancy is causing their symptoms. For example, they may think they’re nauseous from eating a certain food or that they’re tired because they need to sleep more.

Treatment for cryptic pregnancy depends on when you realize you’re pregnant. If you’re still months away from delivery, a pregnancy care provider will try to catch you up on the prenatal care you’ve missed. This could include:🔰Blood and urine tests🔰Ultrasound🔰Measuring fundal height 🔰A physical exam🔰Nutritional and lifestyle counseling. The best way to prevent a stealth pregnancy is to be aware of your body and sexual health. If you believe there’s any chance you could be pregnant, it’s always best to take a home pregnancy test or visit a healthcare provider for a blood or urine test.

Not knowing you’re pregnant is a real condition. In a cryptic pregnancy, a person may go several months or the entire pregnancy without knowing they’re pregnant. The best thing you can do if you’re sexually active is to know the signs of pregnancy and get a pregnancy test from a healthcare provider if you have any suspicions of pregnancy. Getting regular prenatal care is important for the health and safety of you and the fetus. .

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Spina bifida(Myelomeningeocele) is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly. It's a type of neural tube defect. The neural tube is the structure in a developing embryo that eventually becomes the baby's brain, spinal cord and the tissues that enclose them. Typically, the neural tube forms early in pregnancy and it closes by the 28th day after conception. In babies with spina bifida, a portion of the neural tube doesn't close or develop properly, causing problems in the spinal cord and in the bones of the spine.
Spina bifida can range from mild to severe, depending on the type of defect, size, location and complications. When necessary, early treatment for spina bifida involves surgery although such treatment doesn't always completely resolve the problem.

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Get the diagnosis correctly.

Pulse is the representation of the human cardiovascular system. It is measured to check the state of the human cardiac cycle. When the heart pumps blood, the blood's impact on the elastic wall creates a pressure wave. This pressure wave is measured as the pulse in the human body. The pulse can be measured at some points of the human body. As the pulse represents the human cardiovascular system, it can not be measured at any point in the human body. There are some specific points where the pulse can be felt and measured. Those points are called Pulse points of the human body. There are seven Pulse points on the human body, where the pulse can be felt.

Clinical case study

Teasing your brain😩 #

Identify the numbered areas on the specimen?
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A boil is a painful, pus-filled bump that forms under your skin when bacteria infect and inflame one or more of your hair follicles. A carbuncle is a cluster of boils that form a connected area of infection under the skin.
Boils (furuncles) usually start as reddish or purplish, tender bumps. The bumps quickly fill with pus, growing larger and more painful until they rupture and drain. Areas most likely to be affected are the face, back of the neck, armpits, thighs and buttocks.
You can usually care for a single boil at home. But don't attempt to prick or squeeze it that may spread the infection. You usually can care for a single, small boil yourself. But see your doctor if you have more than one boil at a time or if a boil:🚨Occurs on your face or affects your vision🚨Worsens rapidly or is extremely painful🚨Causes a fever🚨Gets bigger despite self-care🚨Hasn't healed in two weeks🚨Recurs.
Most boils are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacterium commonly found on the skin and inside the nose. A bump forms as pus collects under the skin. Boils sometimes develop at sites where the skin has been broken by a small injury or an insect bite, which gives the bacteria easy entry. Rarely, bacteria from a boil or carbuncle can enter your bloodstream and travel to other parts of your body. The spreading infection, commonly known as blood poisoning (sepsis), can lead to infections deep within your body, such as your heart (endocarditis) and bone (osteomyelitis). You can generally treat small boils at home by applying warm compresses to relieve pain and promote natural drainage.
For larger boils and carbuncles, treatment may include:
✅Incision and drainage: Your doctor may drain a large boil or carbuncle by making an incision in it. Deep infections that can't be completely drained may be packed with sterile gauze to help soak up and remove additional pus.
✅Antibiotics: Sometimes your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to help heal severe or recurrent infections.

Mulberry molars are associated with congenital syphilis, which occurs when pregnant women transmit the disease to their babies, either through the placenta or during birth. Mulberry teeth are uncommon. However, Dentists are aware of the condition and can identify it based on the characteristic berry appearance of the affected teeth.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial infection. Since most newborns with congenital syphilis don’t have any symptoms, the disease may remain undetected at first. Later, parents may notice symptoms like tooth deformities.
Congenital syphilis can damage a child’s developing tooth buds, resulting in mulberry molars or another condition called Hutchison’s teeth Mulberry molars can also be associated with other conditions that cause severe enamel hypoplasia, or thin enamel. However, these cases aren’t usually as pronounced as those connected to congenital syphilis.

Syphilis is diagnosed based on a blood test. People with syphilis have antibodies to the bacteria in their blood. Pregnant women should be tested for syphilis, as the condition can cause serious harm to the baby if passed on.
Mulberry molars are more likely to develop cavities, so restorations such as crown can be installed to improve aesthetic appearance and strengthen the teeth.

Bimanual uterine compression massage is performed by placing one hand in the va**na and pushing against the body of the uterus while the other hand compresses the fundus from above through the abdominal wall. The main reason to perform uterine massages is to help encourage the uterus continue to contract and prevent postpartum hemorrhage. After the placenta detaches and is delivered, the area where it was attached to the uterine wall bleeds.