Physiction

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(Physics term of the Day)

The phenomenon described is known as Compton scattering, which involves the interaction between a photon and a free electron. When a high-energy photon collides with a free electron, it can transfer some of its energy to the electron. This process leads to a change in the wavelength and direction of the photon.

Arthur H. Compton, an American physicist, made significant contributions to understanding this phenomenon. In 1923, he conducted experiments that provided empirical evidence supporting the particle nature of light. Compton's work confirmed the particle-like behavior of photons and contributed to the development of quantum theory.

In Compton scattering, if the kinetic energy of the electron is substantial compared to the energy of the incoming photon, a portion of the electron's kinetic energy combines with the energy of the photon, resulting in a higher-energy photon being emitted in a different direction. This effect is crucial in understanding the dual nature of light, exhibiting both wave and particle characteristics.

Compton scattering played a pivotal role in validating quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of photoelectric effect, contributing to the foundation of modern physics. The mathematical formulation of Compton scattering is expressed through the Compton wavelength shift equation, providing a quantitative understanding of the energy and momentum exchange between the photon and the electron.

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