Medical Talks

Currently, there is a lot of news about ‘Zombie Virus’ that has been found in Russia and it has gone viral. People are gossiping and saying that omg Zombie Virus! If I get infected, will I become a zombie? Some people are very confused about the meaning. Of course we will be confused. After suffering for two years in the lockdown because of the Coronavirus, we don’t want another virus to spread and infect the world. Right? Well now, let us explain the meaning of Zombie Virus.

Zombie viruses are viruses that have gotten frozen in ice. When they freeze, it's like they have gone to sleep and become deactivated because of the extremely low temperature. When the ice melts, and the temperature rises, the virus C has been dormant for many years due to being trapped inside the ice and has come to life after the ice melted. Scientists from the French National Centre for Scientific Research have found a virus which was buried under a frozen lake in Russia. They say this virus is 48,500 years old and that it has the power to infect other animals and humans!

They have named this virus Pandoravirus. This breaks the previous record of a 30,000-year-old virus identified in Siberia by the same scientists in 2013. Everytime we hear the word ‘Virus’ or ‘Lockdown’ there is a huge panic. So why should we be worried about these frozen viruses? Global Warming. You all know how our current environment is. Weather is changing so much. Temperatures of the world are increasing because of pollution, because of which huge ice mountains are melting. Now these are the mountains in which the old viruses are frozen. Not only viruses but also dirty germs. Now as these ice mountains melt, scientists say that these frozen viruses will come to life and can spread around the world like the Coronavirus. So how do we prevent this? Care for the environment. Reduce pollution. If we do not care for the Earth, Earth will not care for us.

How to remember everything!

(Also includes RBCs morphology)

F***l Analysis

DO YOU KNOW WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR BODY AFTER DEATH ?

*After 3 days : Nails start to fall off .
* After 4 days : Hairs decay .
* After 5 days : Brain melts vigorously .
* After 6 days : Stomach melts out from mouth .
*After 60 days : Flesh is seperated from bones and become acidic .

Even the animals would not wish to stand near the Graves due to the Unbearable smell of Rotten bodies .

Only a biologist can understand this🤔
Here the question comes what is CRISPR Cas?

CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of two key molecules that introduce a change (mutation?) into the DNA. These are: an enzyme? called Cas9. This acts as a pair of 'molecular scissors' that can cut the two strands of DNA at a specific location in the genome so that bits of DNA can then be added or removed.

CRISPR is a technology that can be used to edit genes and, as such, will likely change the … world. The essence of CRISPR is simple: it's a way of finding a specific bit of DNA inside a cell. After that, the next step in CRISPR gene editing is usually to alter that piece of 🧬 DNA

The beauty of Micro🧫

Common waterborne diseases and their causative organisms

Health conditions and related lab tests

Types of kidney stones

Nephrolithiasis

*Simple staining procedure
*Gram - staining procedure
*Acid - fast staining procedure
*Endospore staining procedure
*Capsule staining Procedure
*flagella staining procedure

Lab safety 😁

Father of Biology : Aristole
Father of Modern Biology: Linnaeus
Father of Antibiotics fb: Alexander Fleming
Father of Taxonomy : Carolus Linnaeus
Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner
Father of Microbiology : Anton van Leenuwenhoek
Father of Modern Microbiology : Louis Pasteur
Father of Medical Microbiology : Robert Koch
Father of Pathology : Rudolph Virchow
Father of Bacteriology : Robert Koch
Father of Virology : W.M.Stanley
Father of Embryology : Aristotle
Father of Modern Embryology : Ernst Von Baer
Father of Physiology : Stephan Hales
Father of Modern experimental physiology : Calude Bernard
Father of Genetics : Rev. Gregor Mendel
Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson
Father of Human Genetics/ Biochemical genetics : Arachibald Garrod
Father of Experimental Genetics : T.H. Morgan
Father of Haploid Genetics / Neurospora Genetics : Dodge
Father of Ecology : Theophrastus
Father of Cloning : Ian Willmut
Father of Plant anatomy : Grew
Father of Histology (Microscopic anatomy) : Malpighi
Father of Cytology : Robert Hooke
Father of modern Cytology : Swanson
Father of Paleontology : Leonard da Vinci
Father of modern Paleontology : Cuvier
Father of Concept of Evolution: Empedocles
Father of Botany: Theophrastus
Father of Modern Botany : Bauhin
Father of Zoology : Aristotle
Father of Biochemistry : Liebig
Father of Epidemiology : John Snow
Father of Plant Pathology : de Bary
Father of Modern Pathology : Rudolf Virchow
Father of Genetic Engineering : Paul Berg
Father of Gene therapy : Anderson
Father of Ethology : Konard Lorentz
Father of Endocrinology : Thomas Addison
Father of Eugenics : Galton
Father of Gerantology : Korenchevsk
Father of Palynology : Erdtman
Father of Stress physiology : Hans Selye
Father of Electrocardiography : Einthoven
Father of DNA Fingerprinting : Alec Jeffery
Father of Mycology : Micheli
Father of Bryology : Hedwig
Father of Phycology:Father of ATP cycle: Lipmann
Father of Chemotherapy :Father of Anatomy : Herophilus
Father of Modern Anatomy : Andreas Vesalius
Father of actinobiology / radiation biology : HJVS Muller
Father of Homeopathy : Hahnemann
Father of Ayurveda : Charka
Father of Surgery and Plastic Surgery : Susruta
Father of Blood circulation : William Harvey
Father of Medicine : Hippocrates
Father of Blood Group : Landsteiner
Father of Polio Vaccine : Jonas Salk
Father of Green Revolution: Norman Borlaug

Why calcium supplements should be carefully used with other medications

Calcium may interact with some medications and foods. First and foremost, you should follow the instructions of your doctor or pharmacist on how to take your calcium. Generally it is recommended that calcium supplements not be taken within one to two hours of another medication dose because it may impede the effects of the medication. Taking medications or supplements that have large amounts of calcium, magnesium, phosphates, or vitamin D may not be safe. Taking calcium with some medications can decrease the effectiveness of the medication, decrease calcium absorption, increase calcium levels dangerously, or even cause lung or kidney problems. Calcium is known to interact with the following medications:

bisphosphonates
H2 blockers
proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
fluoroquinolone antibiotics
tetracycline antibiotics
thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
ceftriaxone
calcipotriene
levothyroxine
sotalol

Don't take calcium with large quantities of fiber-rich foods. Take the supplement one to two hours before or after you eat fiber. You shouldn't drink large quantities of caffeine (over eight cups of coffee in a day) or alcohol, with calcium, and you shouldn't smoke to***co.

Gram positive flow chart

Gram Negative flow chart

~Urinalysis is an incredibly commonly biochemical test . It is a simple and informative diagnostic test as long as the urine sample has been obtained properly and the results are interpreted appropriately ( Utsch , 2014 ) .

KEY INFORMATION :
• Urine is usually acid and contains no glucose or ketones , nor should it carry blood cells or bacteria .
• The amber colour is due to the pile pigment urobilin and the colour varies depending on the concentration .
• Strong odours or cloudiness can indicate a possible bacterial infection .
• Mid - stream urine screening for asymptotic bacteriuria is recommended as in pregnancy progression to pyelonephritis ( kidney infection ) can occur in up to 25 % of women .
• Urinary tract infection ( UTI ) is a common problem in pregnancy if pathogenic bacteria colonise the urinary tract , this bacteria commonly originates from the bowel .

These types of infections can be asymptomatic or be present with symptoms of dysuria , suprapubic discomfort , haematuria and need to frequently urinate but only able to void very little ( Marshall and Raynor , 2014 ) .

from left to right ➡️
1 ) Entamoeba coli cyst .
2 ) Ascaris lumbricoides egg .
3 ) Plasmodium falciparum ring trophozoites .
4 ) Uric acid crystals under polarized light .
5 ) Giardia lamblia trophozoite .
6 ) Uric acid crystals under polarized light .
7 ) Rhizopus spp .
8 ) Candida tropicalis .
9 ) Hymenolepis diminuta egg .

Normal lipid profile calculate

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

pathognomonic signs

Varicose veins

Calcium oxalate crystals