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HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.

Session Layer- This layer establishes, manages and terminates connection between application Session Layer.

Computer Programming- Is also known as programming or coding.

Debugging- Is the process of finding and removing errors in a program. In this process, the program is thoroughly checked for errors.
Debugging

Algorithm-Is a finite set of steps which, if followed, accomplish a particular task. It must be clear, finite and effective. Variables

Variables- Are named memory locations (memory cells) which are used to store the program’s input and its computational results during program ex*****on.

Example of network devices:
ROUTER
HUB/SWITCH

Major manufacturer of processor.
INTEL wafer fabrication or manufacturing of Intel's microprocessors and chip sets is conducted in the U.S. (Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon and Massachusetts). China, Ireland and Israel. Following manufacturing the majority of our components are then assembled and tested at facilities in Malaysia, China, Costa Rica and Vietnam.

Computer Networking- Is a system in which computers are connected to share information and resources.

The default IP address of the router
Ans.
192.168.0.1

What you should do after installing peripheral devices such as CD/DVD?
Ans.
Install Driver

In disassembling a computer, you should arrange the remove parts by?
Ans.
From a distance approaching

In installing a windows 10, Inserting the program disc into your computer’s disc drive is the?
Ans.
First step

Sample of operating system
Unix
Windows

What do you call the computer software which you configure before installing OS?
Ans.
BIOS

LESSON 2: PROGRAMMING

What is Computer programming?

Computer Programming is also known as programming or coding. Programming is a process which includes processes such as coding, maintaining, updating, debugging, writing, designing (algorithm), etc.

How does programming work?

Programming contains a set of instructions for the computer to perform different tasks. In fact, those instructions are executable commands, each having a different purpose.

What is debugging?

Debugging is the process of finding and removing errors in a program. In this process, the program is thoroughly checked for errors. Then errors are pointed out and debugged.
Name different types of errors which can occur during the ex*****on of a program?
There are three types of errors which can occur during the ex*****on of a program.
• Syntax Errors
• Runtime Errors
• Logical errors

When a syntax error occurs?

A syntax error occurs when the program violates one or more grammatical rules of the programming language. These errors are detected at compile time, i.e., when the translator (compiler or interpreter) attempts to translate the program.

When a runtime error occurs?

A runtime error occurs when the computer is directed to perform an illegal operation by the program such as dividing a number by zero. Runtime errors are the only errors which are displayed immediately during the ex*****on of a program. When these errors occur, the computer stops the ex*****on of the programming and can display a diagnostic message that will help in locating the error.

When a logical error occurs?

The logical error happens when a program implements the wrong logic. The translator (compiler or interpreter) does not report any error message for a logical error. These errors are the most difficult to locate.

What is a flowchart?

The flowchart is a pictorial representation of a program which helps in understanding the flow of control and data in the algorithm.

What is an algorithm?

An algorithm is a finite set of steps which, if followed, accomplish a particular task. An algorithm must be clear, finite and effective.

What do you understand by the term “Maintain and update the Program”?

Program maintenance is an ongoing process of upgrading the program to accommodate new hardware or software requirements and introducing minor or great improvements. Essentially, it is the expansion, updating and improvement of a program after its installation.

What are variables?

Variables are named memory locations (memory cells) which are used to store the program’s input and its computational results during program ex*****on. As the name suggests, the value of a variable may change during the program ex*****on.

What are reserved words?

Reserved words or keywords are the words, which have predefined meanings. They have predefined uses and cannot be used or redefined for any other purpose in a programming language.
Examples
• IF
• ELSE
• THEN
What are loops?

The loop is a structure which can repeat a set of statements up to a fixed number of times or until a certain criterion is satisfied.
Name different types of loops.
Different types of loops are
• FOR…NEXT Loop
• WHILE…WEND Loop
• Nested Loop

• What is the use of FOR…NEXT Loop?

When it is known in advance how many times the loop must be repeated the FOR…NEXT Loop is the most effective option. FOR…NEXT Loop is used to repeat a set of statements to a specific number of times.

What is the use of WHILE…WEND Loop?

The While loop keeps repeating an action until an associated condition becomes false. This is useful where the programmer does not know in advance how many times the loop will be executed.

What is the use of Nested Loop?

Loop within a loop is called nested loop.

What is Documentation?
Documentation is a detailed description of a program’s algorithm, design, coding method, testing, and proper usage. Documentation is valuable for the users who rely upon the program on a day-to-day basis, and for the programmer who may be called on to modify or update it.

What is the working of a compiler?

A compiler is a unique program that can process statements which are written in a particular programming language and can turn them into machine language or “code.” This is the working of a compiler. The compiler does no compression …point me to a link which says so

What do we call the binary form of a target language?

The binary form of a target language is also called “Binary Code”.

What are constants?

A constant is a quantity whose value cannot be changed. Unlike a variable, the value stored in a constant can’t be modified during program ex*****on.

Name two types of constants.

Two types of constants are mentioned below:
• Numeric Constants
• String Constants

Define Numeric constants.

Numeric constants consist of integers, single precision, or double-precision numbers. Integer constants represent values that are counted and do not have a fractional part, e.g., +56, -678

Define String constants.

A string constant is a sequence of alphanumeric characters enclosed in double quotation marks. The maximum length of a string constant is 255 characters. For example, “New York.”

Define Operators.

Operators are symbols which are used to perform certain operations on a data. These include arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators.

What is an Array?

An array is a collection of contiguous memory locations which can store data of the same type.
What is subroutine?

A subroutine is a self-contained set of statements that can be used from anywhere in a program. The subroutine performs its specific task and then returns control to the program that calls the subroutine.

What is the purpose of arithmetic operators?

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on values (numbers).

What is the purpose of relational operators?

Relational operators are used to compare two values. These operators always evaluate to true or false. They always produce a non-zero value (in most case 1).

Define Low-level programming language.

In computer programming, the programming language which provides no generalization from the computer’s “instruction set architecture” is called a low-level programming language. It usually directs to machine code or assembly language.

Define High-Level programming language.
In computer programming, the programming language which provides high generalization from the computer’s “instruction set architecture” is called a high-level programming language. To make the development of a program easier as compared to a low-level programming language, it may use the natural language elements.

What is Machine code?

Machine code is a language, which can be processed directly by a microprocessor without any need of the previous transformation. Programmers never write programs directly in machine code.

Write a code in 32-bit x86 machine code to calculate the nth Fibonacci number.

8B542408 83FA0077 06B80000 0000C383FA027706 B8010000 00C353BB 01000000B9010000 008D0419 83FA0376 078BD98BC84AEBF1 5BC3

List some programming languages.
Some programming languages are listed below:
• A+
• A++
• ACC
• ALF
• APL
• BASIC
• COBOL

What is reliability?

It is the proper working of software during a specific period of time. If a program doesn’t work properly during the required period then it’s not reliable.

What is modeling language?

An artificial language that can be used to express information or knowledge or systems in an arrangement which is defined by a reliable number of rules. These rules are also used for interpretation of the meaning of components in the structure.

Names of some modeling languages are listed below:

• Business Process Modeling Notation
• EXPRESS
• Extended Enterprise Modeling Language
• Flowchart
• Fundamental Modeling Concepts
• Jackson Structured Programming
• Unified Modeling Language
• Alloy (specification language
• Systems Modeling Language
What is software testing?

Software testing a process in which software is tested under certain conditions to test the quality of a program. Testing a program is also required to check whether the software provides a good user experience or not.

Tell a few reasons of software testing.
A few reasons for software testing are mentioned below:

• Proper working
• Satisfying quality
• Fulfills the requirements of the user
• Can be implemented with the identical

What is Beta version?

The beta version of a software is that version which is not ready for release and can be changed after the feedback from the users. Beta version comes after alpha version.

What is the working of logical operators?

Logical operators let us combine simple conditions to construct more complex ones (By conditions, we mean an expression evaluating to true or false).

What is the purpose of the assignment operator?

The assignment operator is used to store a value, string or a computational result in a variable.

What is analyzing a program?

The process in which program is decomposed into sub-problems. Rather on concentrating the bigger problem as a whole, we try to solve each sub-problem separately. This leads to a simple solution. This technique is also known as top-down design.

What is the working on an algorithm?

Every algorithm performs at least following three steps:
• Get data
• Perform computation
• Display results

How is the division by zero defined?
Division by zero is undefined.

What is the meaning of implementation of a program?

Once the program has been tested thoroughly, it must be installed or put into operation at the site where it will be used. This is known as the implementation of the program.

What are numeric variables?

You already have tons of question on numeric variables. Replace this
The variables which can store numeric values are called number variables. Numeric values include both floating point numbers and whole numbers.

What are string variables?

A string can be defined as a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotations. A string variable can, therefore, store a sequence of characters. The nature of character string is entirely different from the nature of numeric values.

What are commands?

Commands are executable instructions which are operated in the direct mode. They do not require a preceding line number. Incorrect info

What is the ex*****on of a program?

Ex*****on of the program refers to carrying out the instruction of the program. The program must be loaded into memory (RAM) before ex*****on.

© Copyright - Career Guru99 2019

LESSON 1:Assembling the computer system by Paras Joshi
The assembling of the computer system is exactly the opposite of disassembling operation. Before starting assembling the computer system, make sure you have the screws and a screwdriver for those.

The first step for assembling the computer system starts with mounting the processor on the processor socket of the motherboard. To mount the process, you don't need to apply any force. The special ZIF (zero insertion force) sockets are usually used to prevent any damage to the processor pins. Once the processor is mounted, the heat sink will be attached on top of the processor. The CPU fan is also attached on top of the heat sink.

Now the motherboard is to be fixed vertically in the tower case and the screws are fixed from behind of the motherboard.

Now line up the power supply at the top back end of the cabinet and screw it. The power connectors for motherboard power supply and CPU fan power supply are to be connected. If the cabinet cooling FAN is required then it is to be screwed at the back end grill of the cabinet and its power connector is to be connected from SMPS.

Install the CD/DVD drives at the top front end of the cabinet and screw it. Install the Hard disk drive and floppy disk drive below CD/DVD drive and screw it. Make sure once screwed there is no vibration in either of the CD/DVD, Hard disk or Floppy disk drives.

Now select the appropriate data cable and connect one end of the cable to its drive socket and another end at its appropriate connector on the motherboard. For SATA hard disk drive or CD/DVD drives use SATA cable and its power cable, else use IDE data cable. Do the proper jumper settings as per the usage requirement.

It is time now to mount the memory modules on the motherboard by aligning the RAM to its socket on the motherboard and press it downward. Make sure the side tab are fixed into the RAM notch. If not, you may still have to press a bit.

Install the internal cards to its socket and attach the cables or power cable to it. The selection of right socket or slot is required as per the type of socket.

Cover the tower by placing it and pressing towards front side and screw it.

Connect the external devices with CPU at its appropriate socket. It includes mouse and keyboard at PS2 or USB connectors. Monitor at the video output socket. Connect the power cable to the back of tower in SMPS. Plug in the power cable to the electric board.

LESSON 1: DISASSEMBLE
Good day everyone here's the step on how to Disassemble the computer system by paras joshi

Detach the power cable:

The disassembling of the computer system starts with externally connected device detachment. Make sure the computer system is turned off, if not then successfully shut down the system and then start detaching the external devices from the computer system. It includes removing the power cable from electricity switchboard, then remove the cable from SMPS (switch mode power supply) from the back of the CPU Cabinet. Do not start the disassembling without detaching the power cable from the computer system. Now remove the remaining external devices like keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer or scanner from the back of CPU cabinet.

Remove the Cover:

The standard way of removing tower cases used to be to undo the screws on the back of the case, slide the cover back about an inch and lift it off. The screwdrivers as per the type of screw are required to do the task.

Remove the adapter cards:

Make sure if the card has any cables or wires that might be attached and decide if it would be easier to remove them before or after you remove the card. Remove the screw if any, that holds the card in place. Grab the card by its edges, front and back, and gently rock it lengthwise to release it.

Remove the drives:

Removing drives is easier. There can be possibly three types of drives present in your computer system, Hard disk drive, CD/DVD/Blue-ray drives, floppy disk drives (almost absolute now a day). They usually have a power connector and a data cable attached from the device to a controller card or a connector on the motherboard. CD/DVD/Blue Ray drive may have an analog cable connected to the sound card for direct audio output.

The power may be attached using one of two connectors, a Molex connector or a Berg connector for the drive. The Molex connector may require to be wiggled slightly from side to side and apply gentle pressure outwards. The Berg connector may just pull out or it may have a small tab which has to be lifted with a screwdriver.

Now Pull data cables off from the drive as well as motherboard connector. The hard disk drive and CD/DVD drives have two types of data cables. IDE and SATA cables. The IDE cables need better care while being removed as it may cause the damage to drive connector pins. Gently wiggle the cable sideways and remove it. The SATA cables can be removed easily by pressing the tab and pulling the connector straight back.

Now remove the screws and slide the drive out the back of the bay.

Remove the memory module:

Memory modules are mounted on the motherboard as the chips that can be damaged by manual force if applied improperly. Be careful and handle the chip only by the edges. SIMMs and DIMMs are removed in a different way:

SIMM - gently push back the metal tabs while holding the SIMM chips in the socket. Tilt the SIMM chip away from the tabs until a 45% angle. It will now lift out of the socket. Put SIMM in a safe place.
DIMM- There are plastic tabs on the end of the DIMM sockets. Press the tabs down and away from the socket. The DIMM will lift slightly. Now grab it by the edges and place it safely. Do not let the chips get dust at all

Remove the power supply:

The power supply is attached into tower cabinet at the top back end of the tower. Make sure the power connector is detached from the switchboard. Start removing the power connector connected to motherboard including CPU fan power connector, cabinet fan, the front panel of cabinet power buttons and all the remaining drives if not detached yet.

Now remove the screws of SMPS from the back of the cabinet and the SMPS can be detached from the tower cabinet.

Remove the motherboard:

Before removing all the connectors from the motherboard, make sure u memorize the connectors for assembling the computer if required, as that may require connecting the connectors at its place. Remove the screws from the back of the motherboard and you will be able to detach it from the cabinet. Now remove the CPU fan from the motherboard. The heat sink will be visible now which can be removed by the pulling the tab upward. Finally, the processor is visible now, which can be removed by the plastic tab which can be pulled back one stretching it side way.