Manual and automation testing

• Tell me your Day to Day activities as QA?

First thing I do after login in my system. I check the active sprint in Jira for our project code. There I can see my assigned open tasks. After that I will check my mail if there is any important mail I need to take action on. Then we have our daily scrum meeting where we used to tell our previous day actions what we did, what we are planning for today and if we have any blocker to discuss. Product owner and scrum master help us to resolve that blocker. After that I need to take the pending task and do needed action whether creating test case, Ex*****on, Defect retesting if any.

• Do you have created framework from scratch, or you have maintained that?
I have not created Framework from scratch by myself but yes, I was part of framework creation and created some part of it.

• How much you rate yourself in Java out of 10?
Out of 10 I will rate myself 6 in java as QA Automation engineer.

• Can you tell me Oops concepts and relate it with your Framework?
We have Polymorphism, Inheritance, Encapsulation and Abstraction in Oops. So, we will start with
1) DATA ABSTRACTION
Data Abstraction means to handle complexity by hiding unnecessary details from the user. In java, abstraction is achieved by interfaces and abstract classes. We can achieve 100% abstraction using interfaces.
In Selenium, WebDriver itself acts as an interface. Consider the below statement:
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
We initialize the Chrome Browser using Selenium Webdriver. It means we are creating a reference variable (driver) of the interface (WebDriver) and creating an Object. Here WebDriver is an Interface and ChromeDriver is a class.
We can apply Data Abstraction in a Selenium framework by using the Page Object Model design pattern. We define all our locators and their methods in the page class. We can use these locators in our tests but we cannot see the implementation of their underlying methods. So we only show the locators in the tests but hide the implementation. This is a simple example of how we can use Data Abstraction in our Automation Framework.

2) ENCAPSULATION
Encapsulation is defined as the wrapping up of data under a single unit. It is the mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates. Encapsulation can be achieved by: Declaring all the variables in the class as private and writing public methods in the class to set and get the values of variables.
All the classes in an Automation Framework are an example of Encapsulation. In Page Object Model classes, we declare the data members using and initialization of data members will be done using Constructor to utilize those in methods.

3) INHERITANCE
Inheritance is the mechanism in java by which one class is allowed to inherit the features (fields and methods) of another class.
We can apply Inheritance in our Automation Framework by creating a Base Class to initialize the WebDriver interface, browsers, waits, reports, logging, etc. and then we can extend this Base Class and its methods in other classes like Tests or Utilities. This is a simple example of how we can apply Inheritance in our framework.

4) POLYMORPHISM
Polymorphism allows us to perform a single action in different ways. In Java polymorphism can be achieved by two ways:
– Method Overloading: When there are multiple methods with same name but different parameters then these methods are said to be overloaded. Methods can be overloaded by change in number of arguments or/and change in type of arguments.
In Selenium Automation, Implicit wait is an example of Method Overloading. In Implicit wait we use different time stamps such as SECONDS, MINUTES, HOURS etc.
– Method Overriding: It occurs when a derived class has a definition for one of the member functions of the base class. That base function is said to be overridden.
In Selenium Automation, Method Overriding can be achieved by overriding any WebDriver method. For example, we can override the findElement method
In assertion we have used overload because in assertion we used to like asset.true(actual, expected) and second time we can use same assert.true(actual, expected, message).

• How can you use interface and how it is different from Abstract class?
Abstract class may have Abstract and concrete methods, and there is not any compulsion in adding abstract method in abstract class. But in Interface, we do have only abstract methods and we don’t need to write abstract keyword in Interface this is by default public and abstract.

• What do you mean by Static keyword in Java?
Static means it is at class level not at instance level, we have static method, static variable & static inner class. When we have any variable as static so it will remain same for all the instance of our classes, and static/Private/Final methods can’t be over-ridden like if we have initialized any method as Static so we cannot override it in any child class.

Interview Questions :

1. What are entry and exit criteria?
2. What are all the sprint ceremonies you are aware of? Brief each one.
3. Difference between Sprint Review and Sprint Retrospective.
4. What are your daily activities?
5. How to calculate QA effort in Agile?
6. Have you heard of sprint velocity, capacity, user story points?
7. How do you estimate team effort in agile? -by calculating (individual work hours * no. of resources).Calculating velocity ex: in last 3 sprints if w have completed 90 stories, then …….
8. Define severity and priority of test case and bug.
9. If you have 150 test cases to be executed within 3 days, what is your approach in test completion?
10. If there are 3 or more major bugs, then how do you convince customer to hold release?
11. What are all the artifacts that need to be published during QA signoff?
12. Is not the Test Closure document necessary for QA signoff?
13. What are all the data mentioned in RTM?
14. Diff btn QTP and Selenium.
15. What is testing approach or main focus when testing a client/server and Web Application?
16. Define Retesting, Regression Testing and Confirmation testing.
17. What are the diff types of joins and explain each in brief.
18. In left outer join, what is the purpose of table 2 if the query returns all the records of left table?
19. Diff btn DELETE and DROP commands.
20. Diff btn Exploratory and Adhoc testing.
21. Have you ever involved in E or Ad testing?
22. If you are new joinee and there are no documents available, then what is your approach of testing?
23. Cycle of user story in jira.
Wipro:
1. How do you test webpages and initialize using POM?
2. What is the name of folder created for Maven?----m2 folder
3. What are the differences between Constructor and Methods?
4. What are the components that are not allowed in Interface and Abstract class?
5. What is Maven?
6. What is testNG? Why do you use it?
7. What is WebDriver?
8. Difference btn assert and verify?
9. How do you verify actual and expected results?
10.
Freelancing Screening:
1. Can we overload a main method? If yes, how?
2. How to get count of all the links in a webpage and click on it?
3. How do you find that if it is link using xpath?-----//a
4. How do you handle windows?
5. How to handle tables using xpath?
6. How to handle dynamic element in a webpage? Ex: Employee list getting extended and want to retrieve last employee data.
7. What all the changes need to made to .java class on parallel ex*****on of test cases using testNG?
8. Defect life cycle.
9. Diff btn SDLC and STLC.
10. Components in defect report.
11. How do you handle QA conflict?
12. When to start Automation?
13. How do you choose test cases for Automation?
14. How do you take screenshots in selenium for failed test cases? Name the class and method.
15. Explain me the logic of finding prime number.
Pubicis Sapient:
1. Tell me about yourself.
2. How do you install testing in your project?
3. Order of testNG annotations during ex*****on.
4. Order in test ex*****on using testNG priority.
5. Your role in sprint planning.
6. Code for Implicit and Explicit wait.
7. INitiliation of chromedriver.
8. How to run only failed test cases in testNG?
9. Write code for IRetryAnalyzer.
10. What is pom.xml?
11. How do you confirgure testNG in pom.xml?
Virtusa:
1. Tell me about yourself
2. Framework – designed or already available and explain
3. Use of Implicit wait
4. Try – catch block explanation
5. Exceptions not handled by try-catch
6. What is maven and why--dependency?
7. How do you run pom.xml?
8. Where do you maintain locators?
9. What is the difference between final and finalize?
10. Collections: HashMap-----key and value. If we have states and cities, which will be the key ?
11. How do you integrate Jenkins with maven?
Oracle:
1. Tell me about your professional experience.
2. What are the test methodologies you have used?
3. Explain Agile methodology.
4. Explain bug life cycle.
5. Explain SDLC.
6. Write test cases for a text box accepting 0-9 characters and alphabets.
7. Write test cases for lift.
8. If title of a page is not displayed, what severity and priority do you assign to it?
9. Which tool do you us for logging defect?
10. Is SVN a reporting tool?
11. Which Selenium version are you using currently?
12. Which is the latest version of Selenium?
13. Why are you using Selenium 2 when latest 4 is available?
14. When was your framework developed?
15. What is the special feature of Selenium 2 and 3?
16. Explain Polymorphism.
17. Types of polymorphism.
18. Where do we use method overloading in webdriver methods?
19. Explain the statement : WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
20. What is WebDriver in above statement?
21. What is ChromeDriver() in above statement?
22. If WebDriver is an interface, how can you instantiate it?
23. What is the superclass of WebDriver?
24. What is Interface?
25. What are the uses of Interface?
26. What are the different types of Inheritence?
27. Which are the types of Inheritence that Java does not support?
28. Why Multiple Inheritence is not supported in Java?
29. What is the other way of achieving Multiple Inheritence?
30. How many locators are there in Selenium?
31. Name the locators.
32. Which is the fastest locator?
33. Compare xpath and ID.
34. Which locator do you use for dynamic webelement on page?
35. If ID is unique on a webpage, and location is chngd, does the automation script fail?
36. Write a small program to reverse name without using inbuilt method.
37. Which latest java version have you worked with?
38. Name few exceptions that have you come across.
39. Have you come across “Stale exception”?
40.

🤪

Interview Questions:-

Why do you want to become a software tester?
What do you think, are good qualities that a software tester must have?
What is software testing?
Why is software testing important?
When should you do software testing?
How much testing is enough?
Why does software have defects?
Why can’t we remove all defects?
Who is responsible for the quality of the software, developers or testers?
Wouldn’t it be easier if developers wrote proper code so that we don’t have defects at all?
What should be the right process to test a software?
When can we stop testing?
When should we start testing?

Interview questions

Q:- Why do you want to become a software tester?
1. I love solving logical puzzles.
2. I love to take challenges
3. I love to interact with people
4. My work helps stakeholders sleep better.

Q:- Why we will hire you? [ Mind of s/w tester]
1. Organized
2. Logical Thinker
3. Clear Objectives
4. Emotional Intelligence [What type of people around you what they feel]
5. Good Communication
6. Detective [To find root cause (define why bug is there )]
7. Independent

Q:- What are the common mistakes which create issues?
• Matching resources to wrong projects
• Test manager lack of skills
• Not listening to others
• Poor Scheduling
• Underestimating
• Ignoring the small problems
• Not following the process

Q:- When can we stop testing?
1. Deadlines (release deadlines, testing deadlines, etc.)
2. Test cases completed with certain percentage passed.
3. Test budget depleted.
4. Coverage of code/functionality/requirements reaches a specified point.
5. Bug rate falls below a certain level.
6. Beta or alpha testing period ends.

Q:- How much testing is enough?
1) Levels of Risk : Technical Risk / Business Product Risk / Project Risk.
2) Project constraints : Time / Budget.
3) Other factors : Complexity /Criticality / Visibility /Reliability.

Q:- How can you eliminate the product risk in your project?
helps you to eliminate product risk in your project, and there is a simple yet crucial step that can reduce the product risk in your project.
• Investigate the specification documents
• Have discussions about the project with all stakeholders including the developer
• As a real user walk around the website

Q:- What is the common risk that leads to project failure?
The common risk that leads to a project failure are
• Not having enough human resource
• Testing Environment may not be set up properly
• Limited Budget
• Time Limitations
Q:- On what basis you can arrive at an estimation for your project?
To estimate your project, you have to consider the following points
• Divide the whole project into the smallest tasks
• Allocate each task to team members
• Estimate the effort required to complete each task
• Validate the estimation

Q:- What is Test Documentation?
Test documentation is documentation of artifacts created before or during the testing of software. It is a complete suite of documents that allows you to describe and document test planning, test design, test ex*****on, test results that are drawn from the testing activity.
Example of test documentation
Test policy, Test strategy, Test plan, Requirements Traceability Matrix, Test Scenario, Test case, Test Data, Defect Report

Q :- What is Test Strategy?
It’s a high-level document .Test strategy is a set of guidelines that explains test design and determines how testing needs to be done

Q:- What is Test Plan?
A test plan is a complete planning document which contains the scope, approach, resources, schedule, etc. of testing activities.

Q:- What is Test Scenario?
Test scenario is any functionality of software system which could be verified by one or more Test cases. It is also called Test Condition or Test Possibility

Q:-What is Test case ?
A TEST CASE is a set of actions executed to verify a particular feature or functionality of your software application.

Interview Questions

Q 1 :- After you have run a full regression test, and find new regression bugs, which bugs would you prioritize. Bugs that suggest that functionality has regressed, or bugs that appear in new features?

Answer :- Its depends on which bugs are more critical , its regressed or appear in new features.If regressed bugs is more impact your product then appear in new features ,we will work on regressed bug but new features bugs are more critical then regressed ,will work on appear in new features bug.

Q 2:- What will make you stop a build from going into production?
Answer :- We will stop a build from going into production
1. New Error – Any new error that enters the build.
2. Resurfaced Error – Whether an old error has resurfaced in the current build.
3. Total Error Volume – The total number of errors for the build.
4. Unique Error Volume – The total number of unique errors in this build.
Q 3 :-What do you think are the artifacts you need to begin writing test cases? And what is your approach to writing them?

Answer :- Its on requirements documents. If you have requirements to build from, you have the building blocks for test cases in the future. If you have code, you can write test cases while the code is being built. If you already have the code, you can write tests too. Do you have data? You can write test cases. Do you have configurations? You can write test cases.

1) Functional Standalone Test Cases (Functional Testing)

2) Functional Integrated Test Cases (System Integration Testing)

3) System Testing

4) User Acceptance Testing
Non Functional test cases for vulnerability, load, stress, volume etc, network, database and other performance related test cases and Operational Readiness test cases.

The level of test cases in order to avoid duplication of efforts:

1) Use bottom up approach (start from the lowest component level)

2) Derive the functional test case from Use case or SRS module wise.

3) Identify the interfacing references to get the integration test cases.

4) Have a higher level composite systems test case to test the system .functionality end to end.

5) For each build released, most critical features covering all the functionalities, a smoke test or build validation regression suite can be built based on the priority of the test cases set at the time of creation.

How to download files in desired location using chrome driver & check file exists or not

public class DownloadFilesusingChrome {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

HashMap chromePrefs= new HashMap

chromePrefs.put("profile.default_content_settings.popups",0);
chromePrefs.put("download.promt_for_download","false");
chromePrefs.put("download.default_directory","c:\\Download");

ChromeOptions options=new ChromeOptions();
options.setExperimentalOpton("prefs",chromePrefs);

DesiredCapabilities cap=DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
cap.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS,true);
cap.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY,options);

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/driver/chromedriver.exe" );
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(cap);

driver.get("http://demo.automationtesting.in/FileDownload.html");

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.findElement(By.id("textbox")).sendKeys("testing"); //text area
driver.findElement(By.id("createTxt")).click(); // generate file button
driver.findElement(By.id("link-to-download")).click(); // download link

Thread.sleep(3000);
if(isFleExist("C://Users/admin/Downloads/info.txt"))
{
System.out.println("File downloaded successfully");
}
else
{
System.out.println("File not downloaded");
}
driver.findElement(By.id("pdfbox")).sendKeys("testing"); //text area
driver.findElement(By.id("createPdf")).click(); //Generate file button
driver.findElement(By.id("pdf-link-to-download")).click(); // download link

Thread.sleep(3000);

if(isFileExist("C://Users/admin/Downloads/info.pdf"))
{
System.out.println("File downloaded successfully");
}
else
{
System.out.println("File not downloaded");
}
}


public static boolean isFileExist(String path) // this will check wheather file is exist or not
{
File f=new File(path);

if(f.exists())
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}

mainly we use this piece of code for download file in desired location
HashMap chromePrefs= new HashMap

chromePrefs.put("profile.default_content_settings.popups",0);
chromePrefs.put("download.promt_for_download","false");
chromePrefs.put("download.default_directory","c:\\Download");

ChromeOptions options=new ChromeOptions();
options.setExperimentalOpton("prefs",chromePrefs);

DesiredCapabilities cap=DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
cap.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS,true);
cap.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY,options);

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/driver/chromedriver.exe" );
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(cap);

File input - Multi select

Interview Questions

1) What is Selenium 2.0 ?
Web Testing tools Selenium RC and WebDriver are consolidated in single tool in Selenium 2.0

2)How will you find an element using Selenium?
• ID
• Name
• Tag
• Attribute
• CSS
• Linktext
• PartialLink Text
• Xpath etc

3) List out the test types that are supported by Selenium?
• Functional Testing
• Regression Testing
For post release validation with continuous integration automation tool could be used
a) Jenkins

4) Explain what is assertion in Selenium and what are the types of assertion?
Assertion is used as a verification point. It verifies that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. The types of assertion are “assert” , “verify” and “waifFor”.

5) Mention what is the use of X-path?
X-Path is used to find the WebElement in web pages. It is also useful in identifying the dynamic elements.

6) Explain the difference between single and double slash in X-path?
• Single slash ( / ) start selection from the document node
• It allows you to create ‘absolute’ path expressions

Disadvantage:
If there are any changes made in the path of the element then that XPath gets failed.

Double Slash ‘// ’
• Double slash ( // ) start selection matching anywhere in the document
• It enables to create ‘relative’ path expressions

7) List out the technical challenges with Selenium?
• Selenium supports only web based applications
• It does not support the window based application.[Auto It
• It doesn’t support Excel file [APACHE POI API]
• For any reporting related capabilities have to depend on third party tools[TestNg]
• No vendor support for tool compared to commercial tools like HP UFT
• As there is no object repository concept in Selenium, maintainability of objects becomes difficult

8) What is the difference between verify and assert commands?

Assert: Assert command checks whether the given condition is true or false. Let’s say we assert whether the given element is present on the web page or not. If the condition is true then the program control will execute the next test step but if the condition is false, the ex*****on would stop and no further test would be executed.

Verify: Verify command also checks whether the given condition is true or false. Irrespective of the condition being true or false, the program ex*****on doesn’t halt i.e. any failure during verification would not stop the ex*****on and all the test steps would be executed.

9) While using click command can you use screen coordinate?
To click on specific part of element, you would need to use clickAT command. ClickAt command accepts element locator and x, y co-ordinates as arguments- clickAt (locator, cordString)

10) What are the advantages of Selenium?
• Support multiple language like java,c #,python
• Open source tool .no need to take licences
• Support multiple o/s like window ,linux,mac
• It has got powerful methods to locate elements (Xpath, DOM , CSS)
• Support parallel testing(execute one test case on multiple browser)
• Support multiple browser

11) Why testers should opt for Selenium and not QTP?
• Selenium is an open source whereas QTP is a commercial tool
• Selenium is used specially for testing web based applications while QTP can be used for testing client server application also
• Selenium supports Firefox, IE, Opera, Safari on operating systems like Windows, Mac, Linux etc. however QTP is limited to Internet Explorer on Windows.
• Selenium supports many programming languages like Ruby, Perl, Python whereas QTP supports only VB script

Lots of people asked me how to deal with window based application by the webdiver ?

Selenium supports only web applications .its not direct deal with window based application but It integrated with any third party tools .Thats why its a golden heart and its ascendancy on other Functional testing tools

AutoIT is a third party tool used for automating window based applications.

We will work with two components in AutoIT

1) AutoIT --> Identifying elements on window

Download link: https://www.autoitscript.com/cgi-bin/getfile.pl?autoit3/autoit-v3-setup.exe

2) AutoITEditor --> Writing autoit script

Download link: https://www.autoitscript.com/cgi-bin/getfile.pl?../autoit3/scite/download/SciTE4AutoIt3.exe

Steps to integrate autoit with selenium webdriver
-------------------------------------------
1) Write autoit script for file upload (AutoIT Editor)

We write only 3 code for file upload

1. ControlFocus("Open","","Edit1")
2. ControlSetText("Open","","Edit1",$CmdLine[1])
3. ControlClick("Open","","Button1")

2) Compile autoit script and generate .exe file

Tools-->Compile-->Select x64--> Compile --> generated .exe file

3) Use .exe file in selenium Webdriver script

Runtime.getRuntime().exec(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\file.exe"+" "+System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\Fruites.jpg");

Any Image or any file you can upload by these steps in selenium webdriver from the computer

www.autoitscript.com

How to count link in a page in webdriver

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/driver/chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("http://newtours.demoaut.com/");

int nooflink=driver.findElements(By.tagName("a")).size();

driver.manage().window().maximize();

System.out.println(nooflink);

List link=driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

for(WebElement n:link)
{
System.out.println(n.getText());
}

}

Welcome: Mercury Tours

conditional statement in java using webdriver

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/driver/chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");

WebElement txtusername=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[=\"email\"]"));

if(txtusername.isDisplayed()&& txtusername.isEnabled())
{
System.out.println("is enabled and displayed");
txtusername.sendKeys("[email protected]");
}
else
{
System.out.println("is not enabled and not displayed");
}

WebElement txtpassword =driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[=\"pass\"]"));

if(txtpassword.isDisplayed()&& txtpassword.isEnabled())
{
System.out.println("is enabled and displayed");
txtpassword.sendKeys("*******");
}
else
{
System.out.println("is not enabled and not displayed");
}
boolean radbutton =driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[=\"u_0_6\"]")).isSelected();
if(radbutton==true)
{
System.out.println("is selected");
}
else
{
System.out.println("is not selected");
}

}

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How to deal with bootstrap in selenium automation

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/driver/chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("http://demo.automationtesting.in/Register.html");

driver.manage().window().maximize();

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[=\"msdd\"]")).click();

List lang = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//*[=\"basicBootstrapForm\"]/div[7]/div/multi-select/div[2]/ul/li"));
System.out.println(lang.size());

lang.get(2).click();
lang.get(5).click();
/*for (WebElement l:lang)
{
System.out.println(l.getText());
}*/
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

//skills
Select skills=new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[='Skills']")));
skills.selectByIndex(3);
Select Country12= new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[=\"countries\"]")));
Country12.selectByIndex(4);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[=\"basicBootstrapForm\"]/div[10]/div/span/span[1]/span/span[2]/b")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/span/span/span[1]/input")).sendKeys("India");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/span/span/span[1]/input")).sendKeys(Keys.RETURN);
}
}

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How to scroll the page in selenium (java)

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/driver/chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://www.countries-ofthe-world.com/flags-of-the-world.html");

driver.manage().window().maximize();

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

Method 1
js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,800)","");

Method 2
WebElement flag=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[=\"content\"]/div[2]/div[2]/table[1]/tbody/tr[86]/td[1]/img"));
js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();",flag);

Country flags of the world with images and names National flags of all 197 independent countries of the world represented in alphabetical order. Always up-to-date information.