Creative Green Energy

New Secretary of State Ed Miliband outlined his priorities in a message to staff following his appointment.

Read it here 👇🏽

Dear Colleagues,

Earlier today, I was delighted to accept the Prime Minister’s invitation to serve as the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero.

I wanted to write to you personally to say what an honour and a privilege it is to have been appointed to this position. I am inspired to have the chance to lead the department and work with you all.

The reason I’m so excited to have been appointed to this role is because it speaks directly to the twin passions that continue to motivate me. First, resolving the economic inequality that scars the country, and second tackling the climate crisis that imperils our world.

Our department will be at the heart of the new government’s agenda, leading one of the Prime Minister’s five national missions, to make Britain a clean energy superpower with zero carbon electricity by 2030, and accelerating our journey to net zero.

Families and businesses across the country are still struggling with energy bills that are too high and are expected to rise again in the autumn. In an unstable world, the only way to guarantee our energy security and cut bills permanently is to speed up the transition away from fossil fuels and towards homegrown clean energy.

The job of our department will be to deliver our mission so we can make the UK energy independent, bring down energy bills for good, create good jobs, and tackle the climate crisis.

We will get started right away, and my priorities are:

- Delivering our mission to boost energy independence and cutting bills through clean power by 2030.
- Taking back control of our energy with Great British Energy.
- Upgrading Britain’s homes and cutting fuel poverty through our Warm Homes Plan.
- Standing up for consumers by reforming our energy system.
- Creating good jobs in Britain’s industrial heartlands, including a just transition for the industries based in the North Sea.
- Leading on international climate action, based on our domestic achievements.

In line with the Prime Minister’s approach, this will be a mission-driven department, mobilising citizens, businesses, trade unions, civil society and local government in a national effort, where everyone has a role.

Having been the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from 2008-10, arriving at the Department feels like coming home. Back then, I saw first-hand the brilliant work that civil servants do and I know how hard you have worked on behalf of the country in the years since.

The civil service is one of Britain’s great institutions and I look forward to working with you to change our country for the better.

Yours sincerely,

Ed Miliband
Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero

𝐆𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐚 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐕 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚.


The plant is located in Bui.

The PV plant is 5 megawatts. It may be seen as small compared to other power plants like the over 1,000 MW Akosombo hydro plant.

However, in terms of Ghana's solar PV installation, it is significant.

Moreover, since most of Ghana's electricity generation comes from hydro and thermal sources, this is a great accomplishment in promoting and leading Africa's clean energy integration.

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Insulating properties in the UK is really problematic!

Notice to principal is notice agent. Notice to agent is notice principal.

In propria persona, sur juris, in trust, owned and liened.

Cease and desist using in any way my personal, copywrited information posted here or any of your other platforms. All and any implied rights are withdrawn in perpetuity.

Penalties apply for any misdeeds or abuses.

Consider yourself told Mark Zuckerberg!

26 June 2024 10:53 gmt

The world is using more oil, coal and gas than ever before and will use more. Net Zero is dead | The Telegraph, 14 June 2024

China, India and the Global South will drive crude oil consumption no matter what

Image: A supertanker full of crude docks at the oil terminal off Waidiao island in Zhoushan, Zhejiang province, China.

China's thirst for oil is increasing
A recent flurry of forecasts offers us a range of different views on what’s happening to the global demand for, and use of, crude oil. One thing seems to be clear, however: the chances of net zero carbon emissions in the near term – ie, by 2050 – are basically zero.

The year so far has been a bit of a rollercoaster ride in this realm of uncertainty, with projections and forecasts more volatile than the market itself. Crude prices have remained relatively strong despite various occurrences across Europe and the Middle East that would have resulted in major upsets in decades past.

One major point of consensus related to global oil demand growth is the expectation that it will continue to be robust, driven by a combination of factors including economic recovery, increased travel, and surging industrial activity in non-OECD nations.

The only major body not seeing continued, massive growth is the International Energy Agency (IEA), which revised its numbers this week to predict that crude demand will rise by just 1 million barrels per day (bpd) next year and will (at last!) peak “towards the end of this decade” at 106 million bpd, up from 102 million at the moment. The IEA expects this growth to be led by non-OECD countries, particularly China and India. The IEA and others have highlighted the importance of these regions in driving global oil demand.

The IEA, which is funded by 31 industrialized nations through a dues structure, says that it believes growth in demand from India, China and elsewhere will be gradually outweighed by the expected rollout of electric vehicles and other green technologies. However, one should note that the agency has been shifting for a long time from being an analytical organisation to being essentially a green campaigning one, and its forecasts nowadays are as much attempts to influence markets as to genuinely predict them.

In contrast to the IEA, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) raised its 2024 global oil demand growth forecast to 1.1 million barrels per day, up from its previous estimate of 900,000 bpd. This revision is based on expectations for travel and tourism in the second half of the year. EIA projects even stronger demand growth for 2025 of 1.5 mbpd, again clashing with the IEA which sees just 1 mbpd that year, with non-OECD countries accounting for most of the growth. The US federal agency also raised its projection for crude prices to rise to an average of $87/barrel in Q4 2024 based on the rising demand.

Goldman Sachs has an even more optimistic view of the market, expecting global oil demand to grow by 1.25 million bpd in 2024. The bank cites robust growth in jet fuel, petrochemical-driven LPG and naphtha, and gasoline and diesel demand as key drivers of this growth. Goldman analysts expect strong demand for transportation fuels will lead oil prices to average a robust $86 across the second half of the year.

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) held firm to the most optimistic demand growth outlook, again refusing to amend its initial forecast for 2.25 mbpd of growth for 2024. OPEC also expects strong global oil demand growth in 2025, with a projected increase of 1.85 mbpd. The organization has noted that the OECD is expected to grow by 0.1 mbpd, while demand in the non-OECD is forecast to increase by 1.7 mbpd.

“Globally, the services sector maintains a stable momentum,” OPEC said. “It is projected to be the main contributor to the economic growth dynamic in the second half of 2024, particularly supported by travel and tourism, with a consequent positive impact on oil demand.”

The cartel also reaffirmed its previous projections for strong global economic growth of 2.8 per cent for 2024 and 2.9 per cent in 2025. “A shift towards more accommodative monetary policies by major central banks is expected in 2H24 and throughout 2025, particularly in the U.S., the eurozone, and the U.K., which may also support global growth in the near term,” it said.

Readers won’t need it pointing out that OPEC has the same sort of problem as the IEA, but in the opposite direction. The EIA and Goldman Sachs forecasts are probably the most trustworthy.

While growth projections among these various entities vary significantly, there is an overarching consensus even from the IEA for strong global demand growth for crude oil for 2024/25 based largely on rising demand from developing nations in the Global South, along with fairly robust overall economic growth. All four forecasts are also largely in agreement on an outlook for robust, rising crude prices across the second half of 2024.

It bears noting here that the ongoing strong demand for crude is accompanied by similar strong demand growth for natural gas, coal, and even wood in the energy sector. Given that all those forms of carbon-intensive fuels saw record or near-record demand in 2023, they’re all likely to set new records for 2024 and probably 2025, too.

In other words, the human race is using more carbon-intensive fuels than it ever has before, and is set to use more and more going forward. The vaunted “energy transition” is simply not happening.

Net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 is, for all intents and purposes, dead.

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If the first solar entrepreneur hadn’t been kidnapped, would fossil fuels have dominated the 20th century the way they did? - The Conversation, 12 October 2023

One argument put forward in defence of fossil fuels is that they were a historical necessity, because there was no other viable substitute for much of the 20th century. We owe fossil fuels a debt of gratitude, the argument goes, because they supercharged our development. But what if I told you there was a viable alternative, and that it may have been sabotaged by fossil fuel interests from its very inception?

While researching the economics of clean energy innovation, I came across a little-known story: that of Canadian inventor George Cove, one of the world’s first renewable energy entrepreneurs. Cove invented household solar panels that looked uncannily similar to the ones being installed in homes today – they even had a rudimentary battery to keep power running when the Sun wasn’t shining. Except this wasn’t in the 1970s. Or even the 1950s. This was in 1905.

Harnessing sunlight, 114 years ago. Modern Electrics / Hathi Trust
Cove’s company, Sun Electric Generator Corporation, based in New York, was capitalised at US$5 million (around US$160 million in today’s money). By 1909, the idea had gained widespread media attention. Modern Electric magazine highlighted how “given two days’ sun… [the device] will store sufficient electrical energy to light an ordinary house for a week”.

It noted how cheap solar energy could liberate people from poverty, “bringing them cheap light, heat and power, and freeing the multitude from the constant struggle for bread”. The piece went on to speculate how even aeroplanes could be powered by batteries charged by the sun. A clean energy future seemed to be there for the taking.

Vested interests?

Then, according to a report in The New York Herald on 19 October 1909, Cove was kidnapped. The condition for his release required forgoing his solar patent and shutting down the company. Cove refused and was later released near Bronx Zoo.

But after this incident, his solar business fizzled out. Which seems odd – in the years before the kidnapping, he had developed several iterations of the solar device, improving it each time.

Old photo of solar panel
Cove’s solar panel in 1909. Technical World Magazine / wiki
I can’t say with certainty if vested interests were behind it. Some at the time accused Cove of staging the kidnapping for publicity, although this would seem out of character, especially since there was no shortage of media attention. Other sources suggest that a former investor may have been behind it.

What is well-known though, is that fledgling fossil fuel companies commonly deployed unscrupulous practices towards their competitors. And solar was a threat as it is an inherently democratic technology – everyone has access to the sun – which can empower citizens and communities, unlike fossil fuels which necessitate empire-building.

Standard Oil, led by the world’s first billionaire John D Rockefeller, squashed competition so thoroughly that it compelled the government to introduce antitrust laws to combat monopolies.

Similarly, legendary inventor Thomas Edison electrocuted horses, farm animals and even a human on death row using his rival Nikola Tesla’s alternating current to show how dangerous it was, so that Edison’s own technology, the direct current, would be favoured. Cove’s Sun Electric, with its off-grid solar, would have harmed Edison’s business case for building out the electric power grid using coal-fired power.

While some scattered efforts in solar development occurred after Cove’s kidnapping, there were no major commercial activities for the next four decades until the concept was revived by Bell Labs, the research branch of Bell Telephone Company in the US. In the meantime, coal and oil grew at an unprecedented pace and were supported through taxpayer dollars and government policy. The climate crisis was arguably underway.

Four lost decades

When I discovered Cove’s story, I wanted to know what the world lost in those 40 years, and ran a thought experiment. I used a concept called Wright’s law, which has applied to most renewables – it’s the idea that as production increases, costs decline due to process improvements and learning.

I applied this to calculate the year solar would have become cheaper than coal. To do this, I assumed solar power grew modestly between 1910 and 1950, and worked out how this additional “experience” would have translated into cost declines sooner.

In a world in which Cove succeeded and solar competed with fossil fuels from the get go, it would have trumped coal by as early as 1997 – when Bill Clinton was president and the Spice Girls were in their heyday. In reality, this event occurred in 2017.

An alternate century

Of course, this still assumes that the energy system would have been the same. It is possible that if solar were around from 1910 and never disappeared, the entire trajectory of energy innovation could have been very different – for example, maybe more research money would have been directed towards batteries to support decentralised solar. The electric grid and railways that were used to support the coal economy would have received far less investment.

Alternatively, more recent advances in manufacturing may have been essential for solar’s take-off and Cove’s continued work would not have resulted in a major change. Ultimately, it is impossible to know exactly what path humanity would have taken, but I wager that avoiding a 40 year break in solar power’s development could have spared the world huge amounts of carbon emissions.

While it might feel painful to ponder this great “what if” as the climate breaks down in front of our eyes, it can arm us with something useful: the knowledge that drawing energy from the sun is nothing radical or even new. It’s an idea as old as fossil fuel companies themselves.

The continued dominance of fossil fuels into the 21st century was not inevitable – it was a choice, just not one many of us had a say in. Fossil fuels were supported initially because we did not understand their deadly environmental impacts and later because the lobby had grown so powerful that it resisted change.

But there is hope: solar energy now provides some of the cheapest electricity humanity has ever seen, and the costs are continuing to plummet with deployment. The faster we go, the more we save. If we embrace the spirit of optimism seen during Cove’s time and make the right technology choices, we can still reach the sun-powered world he envisioned all those years ago.

Pictures:

Modern Electrics newspaper article on solar power

Solar pioneer George Cove also patented an early tidal power device. Technical World Magazine / wiki

Fossil fuels ‘becoming obsolete’ as solar panel prices plummet - Independent, 27 September 2023

The cost of solar power has dropped by nearly 90 per cent over the last decade, according to new research, taking it towards a key level that will make fossil fuel-generated power no longer economically viable.

Calculations by Berlin-based Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) found that the plummeting price of electricity produced by solar panels – down 87 per cent since 2013 – means the transition to renewable energy sources is “cheaper than expected”.

The falling costs of batteries and other renewable technologies could also help supercharge the trend towards cleaner energy and meeting climate targets.

“Some calculations even suggest that the world’s entire energy consumption in 2050 could be completely and cost-effectively covered by solar technology and other renewables,” said Felix Creutzig, who led the research.

“This is an extremely optimistic scenario – but it illustrates that the future is open. Climate science, which provides policymakers with guidance in its scenario models, must reflect technical progress as closely as possible.”

The publication of the research follows recent analysis that showed the cost of batteries fell by nearly 10 per cent last month.

Energy analytics firm Benchmark Mineral Intelligence said the drop below $100/ kilowatthour (kWh) in August took batteries past a “tipping point” that puts electric vehicles (EVs) on a price parity with fossil fuel-burning vehicles.

As well as accelerating the transition to EVs, the fall in battery prices is also a big boost for renewable energy technologies like solar and wind installations, as they use batteries to store excess energy during periods of overproduction.

The falling costs for renewable technologies has been attributed to scientific breakthroughs that make them more efficient, as well as decreasing raw material costs.

“Greenhouse gas emissions are higher than ever and the measures taken so far are too weak, but in this politically difficult situation, technological progress provides a ray of hope,” said Jan Minx, head of the MCC Applied Sustainability Science working group and one of the leaders of the latest research.

“New scenario models, some of which are starting to be explored, are likely to demonstrate in the foreseeable future that the global climate transition might not be as expensive as previously assumed, and may even be cost saving – provided it is finally tackled.”

The research was detailed in a study, titled ‘Technological innovation enables low cost climate change mitigation‘, which was published in the journal Energy Research and Social Science.

Dual source heat pump with high seasonal performance factors, near-zero defrosting costs - 7 August 2023

A UK-Chinese research group designed a dual-source heat pump (DSHP) that recovers the waste heat from the exhaust air along with absorbing the heat from the outdoor air. A prototype installed on the roof of a building in the UK showed remarkable results in terms of coefficient of performance and annual heating bill savings.

An international research team has developed a dual-source heat pump (DSHP) heating system that is designed for high water outlet temperature and low ambient temperature applications.

“We have fabricated several prototypes of the dual-source heat pump,” the research's lead author, Jing Li, told pv magazine. “The technology has been applied in some public buildings as well as in a residential house. Then, we also filed patent applications [in] EU, USA, and China.”

The prototype is based on two low-pressure ev***rators (LEs), a medium-pressure ev***rator (ME), an economizer, a plate-type condenser, a v***r injection compressor, expansion valves, and five air fans. Two of the fans are exhaust air devices and are placed on the top of the DSHP, while the other three fans are discharger air fan devices and are deployed on the bottom.

This system recovers the waste heat from the exhaust air along with absorbing the heat from the outdoor air. Its configuration allows the outdoor air to flow into the outdoor unit and mix with the cooled exhaust air, thus becoming a warmer mixed air, which then flows through the low-pressure ev***rators for the second-stage heat exchange. The mixed air releases in turn all the heat energy into the low-pressure refrigerant and becomes colder discharge air than the outdoor ambient.

The v***r injection compressor compresses the ev***rated refrigerant from the low-pressure ev***rators and mixes it with the medium-pressure refrigerant. The resulting colder refrigerant mixture is then discharged to the plate-type condenser, where the mixture itself releases heat energy to the water.

“Subsequently, a part of the refrigerant flows into the medium-pressure ev***rator and economizer for medium-pressure ev***ration after corresponding throttling,” the scientists explained, noting that its refrigerant is R410A and the optimum refrigerant charge is 13 kg. “The rest [of the] refrigerant flows through the economizer for subcooling followed by low-pressure ev***ration in low-pressure ev***rators, finishing a cycle.”

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The research group tested the performance of the system on the roof of the central library of the University of Hull, in the United Kingdom, where it was connected to the black exhaust air duct. “The practical DSHP extracts the exhaust air by the duct from the corner window of the office to the top of the DSHP, and then produces hot water and stores it in water tanks by absorbing heat from the exhaust air and outdoor air,” it stated.

The researchers found that the simulated DSHP system was able to provide an average working water outlet temperature of 56.28 C and a stable monthly simulated coefficient of performance (COP) between 2.69 and 3.03 throughout the year. “The simulative heating amount of the DSHP heating system was 9.85% higher than the practical result, while the simulative energy consumption was 6.36% lower than the practical result,” they said, referring to the differences they recorded between the simulated system and the practical one.

Their analysis also showed that, depending on the location, the proposed heat pump system is able to achieve annual heating bill savings ranging from 20.64% to 54.36% and annual carbon reductions spanning from 14.39% to 86.09%, compared to traditional gas boiler heating systems.

The system is presented in the paper “Eco-economic performance and application potential of a novel dual-source heat pump heating system,” published in Energy. The research group comprises academics from the University of Hull and the University of Science and Technology of China.

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Sam Bencheghib on LinkedIn: 1.3 million kg of trash collected from rivers, sorted, and recycled 🌊 | 885 comments 1.3 million kg of trash collected from rivers, sorted, and recycled 🌊 | 885 comments on LinkedIn

At the Energy Efficiency Association CIC conference this week, Department for
Energy Security & Net Zero (DESNZ) confirmed that they anticipate the amendment to the renewable heat source definition will be legislated and formally published before parliamentary recess [20 July 2023].

It’s time to classify plastics as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants - The University of British Colombian, 29 May 2023

A team of researchers from around the world is urging the international community to recognize the full environmental and health threat of plastics and categorize them as persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic (PBT) pollutants.

In a new Viewpoint published in Environmental Science and Technology the researchers argue categorizing plastics, including micro- and nano-sized particles as PBT pollutants would give governments the tools they need to better manage plastic production, use and recycling.

“We need to wake up the world and understand the risks of these pollutants,” says University of British Columbia (UBC) ocean researcher Dr. Juan José Alava, lead author of the paper that includes researchers from Canada, the United States, Europe, South America and Asia.

The call comes ahead of the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution’s efforts to create an international, legally binding treaty to combat plastic pollution.

“We live in the age of plastic — the Plasticene,” says Dr. Alava, principal investigator of the Ocean Pollution Research Unit at UBC’s Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries. “There’s plastic everywhere. It is in the ocean, coastal zones and terrestrial environment. It has been found in animals across the globe, human tissues and organs, and deep in the Mariana Trench — the deepest part of our ocean. They don’t degrade easily, so they last for many, many years.”

What makes plastics so popular, durable and efficient is also what makes them a hazard — with high durability, long-half lives and low degradation rates, plastics can take up to 2,500 years to biodegrade or break down. Single-use polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water plastic bottles and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bottles are key examples. Without change, plastics’ global ecological footprint is reshaping environmental processes and negatively impacting the oceans.

Plastics are prone to accumulation in all organisms, with aquatic animals most at risk of exposure to micro- and nano-sized particle. These particles are toxic to marine animals — they can change gene and protein expression, produce inflammatory responses, affect brain development, and decrease growth and reproduction rates, while also preventing proper feeding and foraging behaviours.

"It’s hugely important to remember that it's not just plastics,” emphasizes Dr. Gunilla Öberg, coauthor from UBC’s Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability. “Many plastic products contain chemicals that in themselves are known to be persistent, bioaccumulate and toxic."

These plastics, which contain other toxins, can act as a “Trojan Horse” in the ocean.

“Organisms often ingest these plastics by mistake, and thus, become carriers of many other chemicals and microorganisms,” says Dr. Gabriela V. Aguirre-Martínez, coauthor from the Universidad Arturo Prat in Chile.

Even humans ingest these particles through the food we eat. Possible health effect risks are still being studied, but the capacity of plastics to collect in human tissues and organs presents a danger, particularly to members of coastal communities who rely heavily on seafood.

“Plastic particles have been found in the human placenta, in breast milk, lungs and in the colon,” said Dr. Alava. “So, the exposure is real. Canada has already banned six types of single-use plastics, but other harmful plastics like PET water plastic bottles need to be eliminated. We need an international effort to really eliminate harmful plastics from the world.”

"This call ahead of the next round of negotiations of the international legally binding instrument for plastic pollution by the United Nations Environment Programme is critical, because access is so restricted that very few from civil society or scientists can be present to highlight that this aspect has not yet been given the necessary attention,” says Dr. Melanie Bergmann, co-author from the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research.

Dr. Alava hopes that one day our ecological footprint will show we switched from plastics to more biodegradable substitutes and green, environmentally friendly materials. “We should really think about ways we can be ocean leaders, and really have future generations change their perspective on, and consumption of, plastics.”

𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗦. 𝗟𝗘𝗪𝗜𝗦 𝗕𝗔𝗞𝗘𝗥 (1859–1926)

An African American inventor, who patented the friction heater. Baker was born into slavery on August 3, 1859, in Savannah, Missouri. His mother, Betsy Mackay, died when he was three months old, leaving him to be brought up by the wife of his owner, Sallie Mackay, and his father, Abraham Baker. He was the youngest of five children, Susie, Peter, Annie, and Ellen, all of whom were freed after the Civil War. Baker later received an education at Franklin College. His father was employed as an express agent, and once Baker turned fifteen, he became his assistant. Baker worked with wagons and linchpins, which sparked an interest in mechanical sciences. friction heater friction heater.

Baker worked over the span of decades on his product, attempting several different forms of friction, including rubbing two bricks together mechanically, as well as using various types of metals. After twenty-three years, the invention was perfected in the form of two metal cylinders, one inside of the other, with a spinning core in the center made of wood, that produced the friction. Baker started a business with several other men to manufacture the heater. The Friction Heat & Boiler Company was established in 1904, in St. Joseph, with Baker on the board of directors. The company worked up to 136,000 dollars in capital, equal to nearly 6 million dollars in 2022.

During his patent application, Baker stated that the friction heat could be produced with any mode of power like wind, water and gasoline.

His device, according to him, was set to be the cheapest source of heat production at the time which made him win accolades such as ‘King of Clean Energy and ‘St. Joseph Negro Inventor.’ friction heater

“Mr. Baker claims that the particular mode of power used in creating the friction is not essential. It may be wind, water, gasoline, or any other source of energy.

“The most difficult part of the inventor’s assertions to prove is that his system will light or heat a house at about half the cost of methods now in use,” The Draftsman 1908.

After years of trials, his device was near-perfect at the time it was invented. Baker’s device was made up of two metal cylinders, with one inserted into the other. A wooden spinning core was put in the center to produce the friction.

Any notable newsreels hailed his invention. “On March 27, 1904, the New York Times’ edition identified Baker’s invention as a “Clever Negro Invention”. Other newspapers such as Daily Gazette and News-Press also published his story in 1904 indicating that his invention would “revolutionize the then heating systems.”

Baker then created a factory called The Friction Heat and Boiler Company in 1904 in St. Joseph with him as the head of board of directors.

His company employed 50 skilled and unskilled labour to produce more radiators and had about $136,000 in capital stocks.

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