Criminology word

Police Intelligence Reviewer
Accuracy of Information
1 - Confirmed By Other Sources
2 - Probably True
3 - Possibly True
4 - Doubtfully True
5 - Improbable
6 - Truth Can Not Be Judged
Alexander The Great - A Greek Conqueror, was able to identify those
who are disloyal to him by ordering the opening of communication
letter of his men and was successful in uplifting the esprit de corps
and morale of his men.
ASIS - Australian Secret Intelligence Service - Primary responsibility
is gathering intelligence from mainly Asian and Pacific interest
using agents stationed in wide variety of areas. Its main purpose like
other most agencies is to protect the country's political and
economic interest and ensure the safety of its citizens against
national threats.
Bundesnachrichtendienst - BND, Federal Intelligence Service, is the
foreign intelligence agency of the German government, the BND act as
the early warning system to alert the German government against
threats to its interest coming from abroad.
Categories of Intelligence
1. National Intelligence - integrated product of intelligence
developed by all government departments concerning the broad
aspect of national policy and national security.
2. Departmental Intelligence - the intelligence required by the
department or agencies of the government to execute iys mission
and discharge its responsibilities.
3. Military Intelligence - refers to the knowledge by the military
institution essential in the preparation and ex*****on of military
plans, policies and programs.
CIA - Central Intelligence Agency, is the civilian intelligence agency
of the USA. It is the largest intelligence agency in the world.
Classifications of Documents
1. Top Secret - calls for the utmost degree of protection, Unauthorized
revelation of this materials and information will cause extremely
severe damage to the nation, politically, economically, or
militarily.
2. Secret - unauthorized disclosure of this documents or things may
put at risk the national security, cause serious injury to the
reputation of the nation.
3. Confidential - Unauthorized revelation of which may be injurious
to the reputation of the nation or governmental activity or will
cause administrative humiliation or unnecessary injury.
4. Restricted - this are information which should not be published
or communicated to anyone except for official purposes. These
records are daily files, routine in nature even if lost or
destroyed will not affect operation or administration.
Classification of Sources of Information
1. Open Sources - 99% of the information collected are coming from
open sources or obtained from overt operation.
2. Close Sources - only 1% of information are obtained from covert
operation.
Elements of Clandestine Operation
1. Sponsor - directs the organization conducting the clandestine
activity.
2. Target - person, place or things against which the
clandestine activity is to be conducted.
3. Agent - refers to a person who conducts the clandestine
operations, includes principal agents, action agents,
and support agents.
Principal Agent - leader or management agent in clandestine
operation usually undertaken by the case officer.
Action Agent - one who conducts the clandestine operation
that includes:
a. Espionage Agent - agent who clandestinely procure or
collect information.
b. Propagandist - agents who molds the attitudes, opinions
and actions of an individual group or nation.
Support Agent - agent who is engaged in activities which
supports the clandestine operations that includes the ff:
a. Surveillant - agent who observes persons and places
of operation of interest.
b. Investigator - agent who undertakes to procure
information or things of clandestine operation.
Procurer of Funds - agent who obtains money when needed
for operational use.
Safe House Keeper - agents who manages and maintains a safe
house for clandestine operations like meetings, safe heavens,
training, briefing and debriefing.
Communication Agent - agent who is detailed to secure
clandestine communications.
Coding - the changing of message from plain clear text to unintelligible
form, also known as encrypting.
Decoding - transforming of coded message into plain text, also
known as decrypting.
Counter Intelligence - phase of intelligence covering the activity
devoted in destroying the effectiveness of hostile foreign activities
and the protection of information against espionage, subversion and
sabotage.
Types of Counter Intelligence
1. Passive CI Measures - protection of classified and sensitive
information against unauthorized access through secrecy,
communication security and other safeguards.
2. Active CI Measures - are those measures which seek actively
to block enemies effort to gain information or engage in
espionage, subversion and sabotage.
Categories of Counter Intelligence Operations
1. Military Security - it encompasses the measures taken by a
command to protect itself against espionage, enemy operation,
sabotage, subversion, or surprise.
2. Port Boundary and Travel Security - application of both
military and civil security measures for counter-intelligence
control at point of entry and departure, international borders
and boundaries.
3. Civil Security - active and passive counter-intelligence
measures affecting the non-military nationals permanently
or temporarily residing in an area under military
jurisdiction.
4. Special Operations - counter subversion, sabotage and espionage.
Objectives of Counter-Intelligence
1. It denies information to the enemy
2. It reduces the risk of a command
3. Aid in achieving surprises
4. Increases the security of the command
5. Decrease the ability of the enemy to create information
about he forces.
Functions/Activities of Counter-Intelligence
1. Protection of Information against espionage
2. Protection of personnel against subversion
3. Protection of installations and materials against sabotage
Cryptography - arts and science of codes and ciphers.
Crypto Analyst - refers to those persons who break intercepted codes.
Cryptographer - refers to a person who is highly skilled in converting
message from clear to unintelligible forms by use of codes and ciphers.
Delilah - a biblical personality, she was able to gain information
by using her beauty and charm, she was responsible for the fall of
Samson, a known Israelite leader and enemy of the Philistines.
Frederick The Great - Father of organized military espionage.
FSD - Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, is the main
domestic security agency of the Russian Federation, and the main
successor of the Cheka, NKVD and the KGB.
General Directorate For External Security - France external
intelligence agency, operating under the direction of the french
Ministry of Defense.
Informants - any person who hand over information to the agents which
is relevant to the subject.
Type of Informants
1. Anonymous - unidentified or unknown informants.
2. False Informant - reveals information of no consequences
or value.
3. Frightened Informants - weakest link in criminal chain,
motivated by anxiety.
4. Self-Aggrandizing - moves around the the center of criminals
delight in surprising the police about bits of information.
5. Mercenary - information for sale, needed something for exchange
of information.
6. Double Crosser - wants to get more information from the police
more than what he gives.
7. Women Informant - most dangerous type of informant.
8. Legitimate - operators of business.
Motives of Informants
1. Vanity - conceited act/character of the criminal resulting to
self betrayal or tantamount to guilt, gaining favorable
attention and importance by the police.
2. Civic-Mindedness - sense of duty and obligation to assist
the police.
3. Fear - a person under an illusion of oppression by enemies or
of other impending danger.
4. Repentance - one who has a change of heart and wishes to
report a crime that is preying on his conscience.
5. Gratitude or Gain - an expression of appreciation to obtain
a privilege or an interest in the welfare of his family
during his detention.
6. Revenge - to settle a grudge due to settle a previous injury.
7. Jealousy - envious of the accomplishments or possessions of
another and wishes to humiliate him.
8. Remuneration - a person who informs solely for the pecuniary
or other material gain he is to receive.
Informers - refers to any person who provides information to the agents
in a regular basis regarding a subject, they are paid either on a
regular or case to case basis.
Intelligence - the organized effort to collect information, to assist
it Little by little, and piece it together until it forms larger and
clear pattern. (intelligence as an activity)
- the end product resulting from the collection,
evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all
available information which may have immediate or potential
significance to the development and ex*****on of plan, policies and
programs of the user.(intelligence as a product)
- an institution composed of person who prepares a plan
or formulating policies.(intelligence as an institution)
Intelligence Cycle
1. Planning
2. Collection
3. Processing
4. Dissemination
Planning - the intelligence officer must have a thorough
knowledge of the available sources of information, the
collecting agencies and type of information the latter can
provide.
Collection - the intelligence officer must have thorough
knowledge of the available sources of information and
collecting agencies and the type of information they can
provide and consider the following:
a. Determine collecting agency
b. Send orders or request
c. Supervise collection efforts
d. Use tools or techniques in collection
e. Ensure timely collection
Factors in Choosing Collection Agents
a. Capability - agents placement or access to target
b. Multiplicity - more agents
c. Balance
Processing - Five Steps
1. Recording - is the reduction of information in writing
or other form of graphical representation and
arranging the information into groups of related items.
2. Evaluation - is the determination of the pertinence of the
information to the operation, reliability of the source or
agency and the accuracy of the information.
Pertinence - does it holds some value to current
operation.
Reliability - judging the source of information or
agency
Credibility - truth of information
3. Analysis - is the stage in which the collected information
is subjected to review in order to satisfy significant facts
and derive conclusions there from.
4. Integration - the combination of the elements isolated
analysis with other known information related to the
operation.
5. Interpretation - process of determining the significance of
new information and its meaning.
Dissemination - processed information or intelligence data are
disseminated to end users, common methods of disseminating intel
data are conferences, briefing and person to person exchanges.
In this process, consider the factors of timeliness, correctness
and security.
ISI - Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan's premier intelligence
agency. It was established in 1948. Its office is located in Islamabad.
Julius Caesar - in his time, the staff of each legion includes ten
speculators who served as an information collecting agency. The
Speculators were the first intelligence personnel to appear in a
military organization. Military success of the Romans was aided by
the communication system. Made use of pigeons as carrier which made
intelligence transmittal very fast.
Karl Schulmeister - known as Napoleon's Eye, he was credited for
establishing counter-intelligence against spies. He is a master of
deceit who used black mail to obtain vital information to identify
the enemy's of Napoleon.
Kinds of Covert Operation
1. Surveillance - is the covert, discreet observation of people and
places for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the
identities or activities of subjects.
Surveillant - is the plainclothes investigator assigned to
make the observation.
Subject - can be a person, place, property and vehicle,
group of people, organization, or object.
Safe house - refers to place where agents meet each other
for purposes of debriefing and reporting.
Live Drop - refers to a place where agents or informants
leave their messages to the other agents.
Decoy - a person or object used by the subject in an attempt
to elude the surveillant.
Convoy - an associate of the subject who follows him to
detect surveillance.
Log - chronological records of activities that took place
in the establishment under surveillance.
Methods of Surveillance
1. Stationary Surveillance - also referred to as Fixed or
Stakeout Surveillance - is used when you know or suspect
that a person is at or will come to a known location, when
you suspect that stolen goods are to be dropped or when
informants have told you that a crime is going to be
committed.
2. Moving Surveillance/Shadowing/Tailing - simply the act
of following a person.
Forms of Shadowing/Tailing
1. Loose Tail - employed where a general impression
of the subject's habits and associates is required.
2. Rough Shadowing - employed without special
precautions, subject maybe aware of the surveillance,
employed also when the subject is a material
witness and must be protected from harm or other
undesirable influences.
3. Close Tail - extreme precautions are taken against
losing the subject is employed where constant
surveillance is necessary.

100 ITEMS: LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

1
A Regular Promotion A uniformed member of the PNP shall not be eligible for promotion to
a higher position or rank unless he or she has successfully passed the
corresponding promotional examination given by the Commission, or
the Bar, or the corresponding board examinations for technical
services and other professions, has satisfactorily completed the
appropriate and accredited course in the PNPA or equivalent training
institutions, and has satisfactorily passed the required psychiatric or
psychological examination, and drug tests. In addition, the institution
of a criminal action or complaint against a police officer shall not be a
bar to promotion.

B Special Promotion Special promotion may be extended to any member of the PNP for
acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of his life above
and beyond the call of duty or selected as such in a nationwide search
conducted by the PNP or any accredited civic organization.

C Promotion by Virtue of
Position

Any PNP personnel designated to any key position whose rank is
lower than that which is required for such position shall, after six (6)
months of occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment
corresponding to the position. Provided, that the personnel shall not
be reassigned to a position calling for a higher rank until after two (2)
years from the date of such rank adjustment.

2
A Optional Retirement Upon accumulation of at least twenty (20) years of satisfactory active
service, an officer or non-officer, at his own request and with the
approval of the National Police Commission, (NAPOLCOM), shall be
retired from the service and entitled to receive benefits provided by
law.

B Compulsory Retirement Compulsory retirement for officer and non-officer shall be upon the
attainment of age fifty-six (56). Provided, that, in case of any officer
with the rank of Chief Superintendent, Director, or Deputy Director
General, the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) may allow his
retention in the service for an inextensible period of one (1) year.

C Permanent Physical
Disability

An officer or non-officer who is permanently and totally disabled as a
result of injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the performance of
his duty as duly certified by the National Police Commission, upon
finding and certification by the appropriate medical officer, that the
extent of the disability or sickness renders such member unfit or
unable to further perform the duties of his position, shall be entitled to
one year& #39;s salary and to lifetime pension equivalent to eighty percent
(80%) of his last salary, in addition to other benefits as provided under
existing laws.

3
A NAB & RAB The formal administrative disciplinary machinery of the PNP shall be
the National Appellate Board (NAB) and the Regional Appellate
Boards (RABs). The NAB shall be composed of the four (4) regular
commissioners and shall be chaired by the executive officer. There
shall be at least one (1) RAB per administrative region in the country
to be composed of a senior officer of the Regional Office, NAPOLCOM
as Chairman and one (1) representative each from the PNP, and the
Regional Peace and Order Council (RPOC) as members. It shall
consider appeals from decisions of the regional directors, other
officials, mayors, and the People’s Law Enforcement Boards (PLEBs).
B PLEB The PLEB shall be the central receiving entity for any citizen’s
complaint against the officers and members of the PNP. The PLEB
shall be composed of the following: (1) any member of the
Sangguniang Panlungsod (SP) or Sanguniang Bayan (SB) chosen by
his respective Sanggunian; (2) any Barangay Captain of the city or
municipality concerned chosen by the Association of Barangay
Captains (ABC); and (3) three (3) other members who are removable
only for cause to be chosen by the local peace and order council from
among the respected members of the community known for their
probity and integrity.

C NAPOLCOM The constitutional mandate of the NAPOLCOM is to administer and

control the PNP.

4
A IAS It is an organization within the PNP, and one of its tasks is to help the
Chief, PNP institute reforms to improve the image of the police force
through assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and
behavior of police personnel. It is headed by an Inspector General.
B C, PNP The command and direction of the PNP is vested with the Chief, PNP.
The Chief, PNP shall be appointed by the President from among the
senior officers down to the rank of chief superintendent in the service,
subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments.
Provided; that the Chief of the PNP shall serve a tour of duty not to
exceed four (4) years. Provided; further, that, in times of war or other
national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend
such tour of duty.

C Civil Service Commission It is a government agency that has the attestation function over

appointments of officers and members of the PNP.

5
A Attrition by Relief A PNP member, who has been relieved for cause and has not been
given an assignment within two years from the effective date of such
relief, shall be retired or separated.

B Attrition by Demotion A PNP member who is relieved and assigned to a position lower than
what is established for his or her rank in the PNP Staffing Pattern and
who shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to such rank
despite the existence of a vacancy within 18 months after his or her
demotion in position shall be retired or separated.

C Attrition by Non-
Promotion

A PNP member who has not been promoted for a continuous period of
ten years shall be retired or separated.

6
A Employment Refers to the utilization of units or elements of the PNP for purposes of
protection of lives and properties, enforcement of laws, maintenance
of peace and order, prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal offenders
and bringing the offenders to justice, and ensuring public safety,
particularly in its suppression of disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence,
rebellious and seditious conspiracy, subversion or other related
activities.

B Deployment It shall mean the orderly and organized physical movement of
elements or units of the PNP within the province, city or municipality
for purposes of employment as herein defined.

C Operational Supervision
and Control

This pertains to the authority to direct, superintend, and oversee the
daily performance of police functions at the local level to ensure the
effective conduct of crime investigation, traffic control and crime
prevention activities.

7
A PO1 to SPO4 Appointed by the Regional Director for regional personnel, Director,
NSU for NSU personnel, or by the Chief, PNP for the National
Headquarters personnel, certified by the NAPOLCOM, and attested by
the Civil Service Commission.

B INSP. to SUPT. Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as recommended by their
immediate superiors; certified by the NAPOLCOM, and attested by the
Civil Service Commission.

C SSUPT. to DDGEN. Appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Chief of the
PNP, with proper endorsement by the Chairman, CSC, and subject to
confirmation by the Commission on Appointments.

8
A Minor Offenses It shall refer to any act or commission not involving moral turpitude,
but affecting the internal discipline of the PNP, and shall include, but
not limited to: (1) simple misconduct or negligence, (2)
insubordination, (3) frequent absences and tardiness, (4) habitual
drunkenness, and (5) gambling prohibited by law.

B Citizens’ Complaints It is a complaint made a natural or juridical person against officers and

members of the PNP.

C Forum Shopping It is the multiple filing of a complaint or offense against officers and

members of the PNP.

9
A R.A. No.. 6975 An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police Under a
Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and for
Other Purposes.

B R.A. No. 8551 An Act Providing for the Reform and Reorganization of the PNP,
Amending Certain Provisions of RA No. 6975, and for Other Purposes.

C R.A. No. 9708 An Act Extending for Five (5) Years the Reglementary Period for
Complying with the Minimum Educational Qualification for
Appointment to the PNP and Adjusting the Promotion System Thereof.

1
0
A R.A. No. 4864 It is known as the “Police Act of 1966,” by virtue of which, National
Police Commission was created, and vested with the power to
supervise and control the police forces all over the country.

B PD No. 765 The PC/INP Law of 1975.
C Sec. 6, Art. XVI, NPC The state shall establish and maintain one police force, which shall be
national in scope and civilian in character, to be administered and
controlled by a National Police Commission. The authority of local
executives over police units in their jurisdiction shall be provided by
law.

1
1
A BG Henry T. Allen He is a regular captain but then a Lieutenant Colonel of the U.S.
Cavalry Volunteers in the Philippines was officially designated and
confirmed by the Commission as first Chief of Constabulary on August
8, 1901.

B BG Rafael T. Crame He was appointed first Filipino PC Chief in December 1917; hence, for
the first time in 16 years of existence, the Constabulary was placed
under Filipino leadership.

C Col. Augusto Torres The first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department
1
2
A Priority in Waiver
Program

The age, height and weight for initial appointment to the PNP may be
waived only when the number of qualified applicants falls below the
approved national/regional quota. The Commission en banc may grant
age, height, and weight waiver. The NAPOLCOM Regional Director
may grant height waiver to a member of indigenous people.

B Indigenous People The application of a member of an indigenous person for height waiver
shall be processed regardless of whether or not the number of
applicants falls below the annual quota. Provided, finally, that a waiver
for height requirement shall be automatically granted to applicants
belonging to the indigenous people.

C 21 to 30 years It is the age requirement for appointment as Police Officer-1 in the

PNP.

1
3
A Number of Directorates At present there are sixteen (16) staff directorates in the PNP, and the
latest is the Directorate for Information Technology and
Communication Management (DITCM).

B Number of OSUs At present there are twelve (12) operational support units in the PNP,

and the latest is the Anti-Cyber Crime Group (ACCG).

C Number of ASUs At present there are eleven (11) administrative support units in the
PNP, and the latest is Retirement and Benefits Administration Service
(RBAS).

1
4
A Spanish Era By the coming of the Spaniards, the country’s police system started.
The police were then called “Guardillo,” later the function of law
enforcement was assumed by the “Cuerpo de Carabineros de
Seguridad Republica.” In 1852, “Guardia Civil” took over the peace
keeping duties in the island under a Royal Decree.

B American Era After the Spanish Era, another master arrived, the Americans came to
the country to conquer and rule the Philippine Republic. While the
American soldiers were busy fighting the tug army of Gen. Emilio F.
Aguinaldo, Gov. William H. Taft, established a police which should
maintain peace and order. On January 9, 1901, Manila Police was
formally organized by virtue of Act No. 175 of the Philippine
Commission. Thereafter adjoining places followed.

C Administrative Code of
the Philippines dated
September 10, 1955

This provided for the constitution of police forces in all cities and
municipalities with the officers and members thereof being appointed
by the mayors with the consent of the city or municipal council. Under
this set-up the police are primarily a political entity that tended to serve
the wills of those in power.

1
5
A Monthly Retirement The monthly retirement pay shall be 50% of the base pay and
longevity pay of the retired grade in case of 20 years of active service,
increasing by 2.5% for every year of active service rendered beyond
20 years to a maximum of 90% for 36 years of active service and over.
B Longevity Pay Uniformed personnel of the DILG shall be entitled to a longevity pay of
ten percent (10%) of their basic monthly salaries for every five (5)
years of service, which shall be reckoned from the date of the

personnel& #39;s original appointment in the AFP, or appointment in the
police, fire jail or other allied services prior to the integration of the PC
and the INP: Provided, that the totality of such longevity pay shall not
exceed fifty percent (50%) of the basic pay. They shall also continue
to enjoy the subsistence allowance, quarter allowance, clothing
allowance cost of living allowance, hazard pay, and all other
allowances as provided by existing laws.

C Computation of Accrued
Leave Amount

The computation of accrued leave amount, are as follows: basic pay +
long pay x number of days leave x constant factor of 00.0478087.

1
6
A Regular Recruitment
Quota

The regular recruitment quota given to any of the National Support
Units (NSU) shall be based on the actual demands of the functional
area covered. Within five (5) working days from receipt of the
proposed annual recruitment quota, the Commission shall grant the
Chief, PNP with the authority to recruit through a Resolution which
shall contain the approved quota distribution and supplemental
guidelines peculiar to the particular recruitment.

B Attrition Recruitment
Quota

Upon receipt of the attrition recruitment quota, the Mayor as
Chairperson of the Local Peace and Order Council (LPOC) shall
create an Ad Hoc Body composed of four (4) members, namely: Vice-
Mayor, DILG-CLGOO or MLGOO, POC Member, and City Director or
Chief of Police. The City Director or Chief of Police (CD or COP) shall
serve as the Secretariat for this activity. He shall publish the list of
applicants in public places and through the local media, if any, to
encourage the public to report any information relative to the
worthiness of the applicant to become law enforcer in their community.
C Field Training Program This is the required training program for the issuance of permanent
appointment to the newly appointed Police Officer-1, which requires
twelve (12) months actual assignment and experience in patrol, traffic
and investigation.

1
7
A 1:500 On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the PNP shall be
approximately in accordance with a police-to-population ratio of one
policeman for every five-hundred persons.

B 1:1000 However, the minimum police-to-population ratio shall be one

policeman per one thousand persons.

C Prescribed Ratio Highly urbanized cities - 1:500 to 1:700, component cities - 1:650 to

1:800, and municipalities - 1:750 to 1:1000.

1
8
A Physical Agility Test It is given to determine whether or not they possess the required
coordination, strength and speed of movement necessary in the police
service.

B Merit and Fitness The appointment and promotion of officers and members of the PNP
shall be based on merit and fitness to be determined as far as
practicable by competitive examinations, or based on highly technical
qualifications, and as provided by Section 5, P.D. No. 807, otherwise
known as “Civil Service Decree of the Philippines.”

C Prescribed Eligibility NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination, R.A. No. 6506 - Licensed
Criminologist, R.A. No. 1080 - Board and Bar Examinations, and P.D.
No. 907 - Honor Student.

1
9
A PPSC It is the premier educational institution for the training, human resource
development and continuing education for all the personnel of the
Philippine National Police (PNP), the Fire and Jail Bureaus.

B DHRDD It is a directorate in the PNP, which is taking charge with the unit and

individual training of the PNP.

C Crime Laboratory Group This shall provide scientific and technical investigative aid and support
to the PNP and other government investigative agencies. It shall also
provide crime laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of
physical evidences involved in crimes with primary emphasis on their
medical, chemical, biological and physical nature.

2
0
A Municipal Police
Stations

Type “A” for municipalities with population ranging from 75,000 or
more, Type “B” for municipalities with population ranging from 30,000
to less than 75,000, and Type “C” for municipalities with population of
less than 30,000.

B City Police Stations Type “A” for cities with population ranging from 100,000 or more, Type
“B” for cities with population ranging from 75,000 to less than 100,000,
and Type “C” for cities with less than 75,000 population.

C Rank Classifications Director General-General; Deputy Director General-Lieutenant;
General; Director-Major General, Chief Superintendent-Brigadier
General; Senior Superintendent-Colonel, Superintendent-Lieutenant
Colonel. Chief Inspector-Major; Senior Inspector-Captain; Inspector-
Lieutenant; Senior Police Officer IV-Master Sergeant; Senior Police
Officer III-Technical Sergeant; Senior Police Officer II-Staff Sergeant;
Senior Police Officer I-Sergeant; Police Officer III-Corporal; Police
Officer II-Private First Class; and Police Officer I-Private.
POLICE PLANNING

21
A Extra-Departmental
Plan

Extra-departmental plans include those that require action or
assistance from persons or agencies outside the police organization or
that are related to some form of community organization.

B Operational Plan Operational plans include the work programs of the line divisions.
These refer to works to be done to accomplish the process of patrol,
investigation, traffic, and juvenile-crime control, and must be analyzed
from the point of view of the nature, time, and place of the component
tasks, and measured in terms of human and material requirements.
C Tactical Plan Tactical plans also affect all members of the police organization, but
they are restricted to methods of action to be taken at a designated
location and under specified circumstances.

22
A Police Planning It is a systematic and continuous process of preparing a set of
decision for action in the future, directed in achieving goal by optimal
means and of learning from the outcome about possible new sets of
decision and new goals to be achieved.

B Strategies It is setting of goals and objectives for three years or more in the

future, it is also being called as long range plan.

C Ranges of Police Plan Short Range. This is a type of police plan according to range with a life
span of one-year; the typical examples are those plans to meet special
incidents encountered by the police.
Medium Range. This is a type of police plan according to range with a
life span of two-years; the typical examples of plans falling under this
type are standard operating procedures and auxiliary plans.
Long Range. This is a type of police plan according to range with a life
span of three years or more; the typical examples of plans falling
under this type is the strategic plan.

23
A Steps in Planning First - recognition of the need for plan; second- formulation of the plan
objectives; third - gathering and analyzing relevant data; fourth -
development of the details of the plan, and fifth - obtaining
organizational concurrences.

B 1 st Question in Planning Normally, the first planning question is “what needs to be
accomplished” or “what is the desired future step.” The obviousness of
the answer may depend on the kind of police planning being done and
would-be implemented.

C Selling the Plan A plan to be effectively carried out must be accepted by all personnel

concerned at the appropriate level of the plans development.

24
A Crime Statistics It is a science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis
and interpretation of quantitative crime data useful in police
operational activities.

B Formula in Statistics PD = P/C, CD = CV/PD, MCR = CV x C, CSE = NCS x 100
POP NCR
FOC = NOD , AR = PA x 100 , %I = d x 100 , and %D = d x 100
NOI WR HF LF
C Wedge Formation This is a civil disturbance management offensive formation that is

used to pe*****te and split crowds into smaller groups.

25
A Establishment of CP This is the most important considerations during disaster operations.
B Terrorism In its broadest sense, describes the use of intentionally indiscriminate
violence as a means to create terror, or fear, to achieve a political,
religious or ideological aim.

C Wall Search It is the safest type of search, the purpose is to place the suspect in an
off-balance position; it is also being called as spread eagle techniques.
POLICE INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

26
A Intelligence Intelligence is the product resulting from the collection, evaluation,
analysis, integration, and interpretation of all available information, and
which concerns one or more aspects of criminal activity, which is

immediately and potentially significant to planning.

B Information Information is an evaluated material of every description including
those derived from observation, reports, rumors, imagery, and other
sources from which intelligence is derived.

C Intelligence Collection
Agency

It is any person, activity, or unit that collects and/or processes
information by research, surveillance, or the exploitation of the
different sources of information.

27
A Strategic Intelligence These are intelligence data that are not of an immediate value.
B Counter-Intelligence It is an intelligence activity which is concerned principally with the
defending of the police organization against pe*******on by individual
and various groups who are inimical to the best interest and general
harmony.

C Line Intelligence It involves both a process and an immediate product.
28
A Surveillance This is the observation of persons, places, or things, generally, but not

necessarily, in an unobtrusive manner.

B Casing It is the visual inspection of an area, installation or building to

determine its suitability for operational activities,

C Sources of Information These are persons, actions, or things from which information about

criminals, or subversives, weather, and terrain is derived.

29
A Technical Surveillance This is surveillance involving the use of technical and scientific device

to enhance hearing or seeing the subject’s activities.

B Tailgating It is a form of open surveillance in which the subject’s motor vehicle is

closely followed.

C Stakeout It is also called a plant or fixed surveillance; here the surveillant

remains essentially in one position or locale.

30
A Top Secret This refers to information and materials, the unauthorized disclosure of
which would cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation,
politically, economically or from a security aspect.

B Secret This refers to information and materials, the unauthorized disclosure of
which would endanger national security, cause serious injury to the
interest or prestige of the nation or of any governmental activity or
would be of great advantage to a foreign land.

C Confidential This refers to information and materials, the unauthorized disclosure of
which, while not endangering the national security would be prejudicial
to the interest or prestige of the nation or any government activity, or
would cause administrative embarrassment of unwarranted injury to
an individual or would be of advantage to a foreign nation.

31
A Purpose of Intelligence Fundamentally stated, the purpose of the intelligence unit is to
increase the probability of accuracy, and reduce the probability of error
in police operational staff decision-making by gathering the
appropriate information or intelligence.

B Intelligence Personalities Moses. One of the first recorded formalized intelligence efforts with

format can be found in the Holy Bible.
Alexander the Great. He ordered the letters quietly recalled and
proceeded to investigate all the letters that they carried. Malcontents
were detected, legitimate causes of grievances exposed.
Akbar. This sagacious master of Hindustan employed more than four
thousands agents for the sole purpose of bringing him the truth that
his throne might rest upon it.
Genghis Khan. He has sent a force of cavalry to fight beside the
Cathayans while closely observing the riches of their land. Espionage
and artifice had a vital part in the Mongol conquest of China.
Frederick the Great. He is the father of organized military espionage.
C Convoy This refers to a counter-measure to detect surveillance; a convoy,
usually a person, is employed to determine whether or not a subject is
under surveillance.

32
A Social Assignment This requires the undercover agent to frequent places of social
entertainment and amusement known to be habitually visited by target
personalities and their associates.

B Work Assignment This places the undercover agent in a type of work or employment
where he or she can fully observe the activities of the subject at his
place of work.

C Dwelling Assignment It is a type of undercover assignment, wherein the undercover agent is
establishing residence, at or near the premises or dwelling which

houses the subject.

33
A Informants These are individual who openly or secretly obtains or assists in
obtaining information for intelligence and counter-intelligence
purposes in exchange for some recompense, monetary, or otherwise.
B Double Agents These are individuals who are simultaneously employed by two
opposing intelligence agencies with one of the agencies aware of his
or her dual role.

C Dual Agents These are individuals who are simultaneously and independently
employed by two or more friendly intelligence units, and who do not
show preference for either, and normally motivated by material gain.

34
A Compartmentation It is the granting of access to classified document or information only
to properly cleared persons when such classified document or
information is required in the performance of their official duties, and
restricting it to specified physical confines when feasible.

B Elicitation It is often used in normal conversation where the subject is
encouraged to speak. Once talking, the intelligence operative listens
enthusiastically and stimulating the subject to continue.

C Need to Know It is the term given to the requirement that dissemination of classified
document and information be limited strictly to those persons whose
official government, police or military duty requires knowledge or
possession of information or intelligence.

35
A Intelligence Collection
Agencies

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is for United States, Komitet
Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB) is for Russia, Geheime
Staatspolizei (Gestapo) is for Germany and Mossad is for Israel, while
the secret police in France are the Mouchards.

B Intelligence Indicator These are generalized theoretical actions that criminals and/or
subversives might be expected to take preparation for aggressive
actions, and that are things and/or events that transpired in the past or
things and/or events that are presently occurring?

C Security Officer It is a properly trained and cleared individual who assists the head of
the department in discharging the responsibilities of safeguarding
classified documents and materials.

36
A Self-Serving Reasons Cutting a Deal. A deal is cut when a defendant agrees to impart what
he or she knows about criminal activities in exchange for a promise
that a recommendation for consideration will be made to a judge in a
pending prosecution.
Elimination of Competition. In specialized crimes, particularly
dangerous drugs and illegal gambling, one law breaker may, most
often anonymously, betray a rival to eliminate competition.
Building a Line of Credit. Uneasy pawnbrokers and second-hand
dealers worry that police may one day discover stolen goods in their
shops and accuse them of being a fence.

B Classified Matter It is an information or material in any form or of any nature. The
safeguarding of which is necessary in the interest of national security.
C Burnout It takes place when the surveillant’s behavior has caused his or her
subject to surmise or knows that he or she is under surveillance.

37
A Classify It is the assigning of information or material to one of the four security
classification categories after determining that such information or
material requires security protection as prescribed by the PNP
Regulation 2000-012.

B Upgrading It is the changing of the classification of classified matter to a category

higher than that previously assigned to it.

C Declassify It is the act of changing the assigned classification of a document or
material, and as part of the process, it involves notification of
cognizant authority.

38
A Incidental Informants These are individuals who furnish information with no intention of
repeating their services of furnishing information on a continuing basis.
B Pe*******on Informants They are those who are assigned with the mission of obtaining

information within a specific target.

C Recruited Informants These are individuals that are selected, trained and utilized as
continuous and covert sources of information concerning specific
intelligence targets.

39
A Undercover Assignment It is an investigative technique in which an agent conceals his or her
identity in order to obtain information from the target organization.

B Cover It is a means by which individual, group or organization conceals the
true nature of its activities, and existence from the observer. It is also a
device or stratagem by which the intelligence operatives conceal his or
her identity, and his or her relationship with the intelligence collection
agencies.

C Ruse or Dodge Ruse. To dodge and get out of the way, or a trick. This is a specific
type of deception measures to prevent the adversaries in counter-
intelligence profession of detecting the presence of the operatives
within a given area of operations and intelligence and counter-
intelligence interests.
Dodge. To avoid detection by suddenly moving side. This is a specific
type of deception measure employed by the counter-intelligence
operatives or counter intelligence operating units by allowing the
opponent to take his or her place, taking into considerations the
procedure for safe departure.

40
A Personnel Security This includes all the security measures designed to prevent unsuitable
individuals or persons of doubtful loyalty to the Philippine Government,
from gaining access to classified matter or to any security facility, and
to prevent the appointment, employment, or retention as employees of
such individuals.

B Security Clearance
Certificate

It is a certification issued by a responsible authority, and that the
person described is cleared for access to classified matter at the
appropriate level.

C Personnel Security
Investigation.

It is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion and loyalty of
the individual to determine a person’s suitability or access to classified
matter prior to the granting of clearance.

41
A Intelligence Journal It is the permanent official chronological record of the operations of the
intelligence section, unit, or agency. It includes all incoming and
outgoing messages and significant incidents concerning the operation
of the intelligence section, unit or agency.

B Intelligence Workbook It is a device which provides a means of systematic arrangement of
information or intelligence by type or subject, so that items concerning
a particular topic maybe grouped together for ready reference and
comparison.

C Situation Map It is a graphic representation of the current enemy situation.
42
A Police Intelligence
Group

The PIG is under the auspices of the Directorate for Intelligence. Its
function is to serve as the intelligence and counter-intelligence
operating unit of the PNP.

B Directorate for
Intelligence

The mission of the DI is to assist the Chief, PNP in attaining
intelligence objectives through staff direction, planning, coordination,
control and supervision of all intelligence and counter-intelligence
activities of the PNP.

C Reconnaissance It is a survey or close examination of an area for obtaining useful
information regarding enemy troops, including their activities that are
of important value to the counter-intelligence operations spearheaded
by the police, other law enforcement agencies, and armed forces or
the government.

43
A Background Investigation This is a much more comprehensive investigation as compared with
National Agency Check (NAC) or the Local Agency Check (LAC).
B National Agency Check This is an investigation of an individual, and is made upon the basis of
written information supplied by him or her in response to official
inquiry, and could be used as a reference to appropriate national
agencies.

C Local Agency Check This type of investigation consists of written inquiries sent to
appropriate local government agencies, former employees, character
references, and schools listed by the person under investigation.

44
A Intelligence Cycle Intelligence cycle is a repetitive process used to produce intelligence

from information.

B Phases of Intelligence
Cycle

Collection Phase. It is the systematic exploitation of sources of
information by collection agencies, and the delivery of information
obtained from the proper intelligence agency.
Processing Phase. It is in this phase in the intelligence cycle where
information becomes intelligence.
Dissemination Phase. It is the timely conveyance of information or

intelligence in an appropriate form, and by any suitable means to
those who need it.
Re-Direction of Collection Phase. The collection effort should include a
systematic exploitation of all sources of information. This exploitation
must be continuous, methodical, and carefully controlled.

C Information Evaluation
Rating

Reliability of the Source Accuracy of Information
A - Highly Reliable 1 - Confirmed Information
B - Usually Reliable 2 - Probably True Information
C - Fairly Reliable 3 - Possibly True Information
D - Unreliable 4 - Doubtfully True Information
E - Can Not Be Judged 5 - Can Not Be Judged

45
A Liaisons Program A liaison program is one of the principal activities of police intelligence
operations. A limited liaison program will usually produce a limited
intelligence product.

B De-Briefing The intelligence operatives will be asked about his personal
experiences and observations while conducting intelligence and
counter-intelligence operations.

C News Clipping Clipping articles from newspapers in accordance with an existing

format is an important method of gathering intelligence data.
POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

46
A Omnipresence In “omnipresence,” the patrol officer has to make his or her presence

psychologically be felt despite of his physical absence.

B Elimination of Actual
Opportunity

The basic purpose of police patrol is to “eliminate the actual
opportunity” for misconduct from among the criminal elements of
society.

C Crime Prevention Some authorities have even defined crime prevention as the “core

mission” of the police.

47
A Shifting in Patrol Morning Shift. The morning shift, from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., is

usually a shift devoted to service activities.
Afternoon Shift. The afternoon shift, from 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., is
usually the busiest and offers the greatest variety of activities.
Midnight Shift. The midnight shift, from 11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m., is
dubbed as the “dog watch shift,” which suggests that it is the penalty
box of police work. It is also being called as the “graveyard shift” to
denote lack of activity during this time.

B Patrol It is the act of moving about on a geographical area or beat, and it also
means an inspectional activity, whether carried out on foot, mobile or
otherwise.

C Observation It is the function that completely describes the patrol officers’ jobs and

most of their duties depend on what they have observed.

48
A Attractive Nuisances It is a known doctrine of the law wherein an individual is said to be
maintaining on his premises an attractive nuisances, machines, or
other tools that are dangerous to young children because of their
inability to appreciate peril.

B Patrol Hazard This term is frequently used to describe a specific condition or place
that requires the patrol officer’s special attention because they pose
danger to people.

C Split Force Patrol It was developed as a means of satisfying the needs of both

preventive patrol and demands made by calls for service.

49
A Bicycle Patrol The bicycle patrol has been used in many countries as a simple and
inexpensive means of transportation. The versatility and stealth of
bicycle make them indispensable for covering crowded areas and
places

B Motorcycle Patrol Primarily used for traffic law enforcement, the motorcycle’s speed and

maneuverability make it an indispensable police vehicle.

C Mobile Patrol It is the most extensively used and the most effective means of
transportation for police patrol. Because of the combined advantage of
mobility and speed, it can patrol larger areas in less time.

50
A Foot Patrol Its method consists of the fixed post, line beat, and random patrol. It is
used where there is considerable traffic, high crime occurrence, patrol
hazards and places where there are many multiple family dwellings.
B Helicopter It is also useful for rescue and relief operations, medical evacuations,
general patrol, criminal apprehension, crime prevention and
repression, emergency transportation, surveillance, and other related

activities.

C K-9 Patrol They are of great assistance in search and rescue as well as in
detecting dangerous drugs, and they are used extensively in airports
to detect contrabands, dangerous drugs, and explosives because of
their keen sense of smell.