Artificial intelligence (AI) is a research field that studies how to realize the intelligent human behaviors on a computer. The ultimate goal of AI is to make a computer that can learn, plan, and solve problems autonomously. Of course, these topics are closely related with each other.
Machine learning is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on algorithms & computer systems that can “learn”
In this field, the computer systems are not explicitly programmed for a particular task with specific values of various “Constants” involved in the algorithms. Instead, they use learning algorithms to “learn” and adapt the results based on initial test input and then refine the every day usage.
Some examples of machine learning applications are self-driving cars, practical speech recognition, effective web search, and a vastly improved understanding of the human genome. Machine learning is so pervasive today that you probably use it dozens of times a day without knowing it.
While Machine learning is right now the most popular subfield within Aritifical Intelligence (AI) Artificial intelligence is a broader discipline within Computer Science and focues of intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans. The broader scope of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence, i.e. intelligence that’s not distinguishable from human intelligence is among the field's long-term goals.
Artificial Intelligence has been divided into overlapping subfields that are based either targeting specific functional goals and capabilities such as "robotics" or "machine learning", use of particular technics ("logic" or "neural networks"), or even philosophical approaches.
Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and AI technics include statistical methods such as Machine Learning using Tensor analysis, traditional symbolic AI or rule/ frame based systems. Tools used in AI include versions mathematical optimization, neural networks and methods based on statistics, probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and many others.