Cbd4health

As you’ve likely heard, the beneficial uses of h**p extend well beyond h**p CBD oil. The entirety of the h**p plant, from its stalks to its flowers and seeds, can be used to sustainably create thousands of products.

While you may be most familiar with h**p’s benefits through the use of h**p CBD oil, there is another type of widely available h**p oil that you’ll also want to be aware of. We’re talking about h**p seed oil.

Despite the similarities in their names and source, h**p CBD oil and h**p seed oil have distinct differences, uses, and benefits. You’ll want to make sure you have a thorough understanding of each of these h**p-derived oils, so you can be sure that you’re using the right one for your individual wellness needs.

What is H**p CBD Oil?

H**p CBD oil, also commonly referred to as CBD oil, is a thick botanical extract made from the stalks and sometimes flowers of h**p varieties that are naturally high in CBD. At Kannaway, we use supercritical CO2, a solvent-free extraction method that is popular in the food industry and classified as GRAS, or “generally regarded as safe,” to pull the h**p oil from the plant.

H**p CBD oil presents the many cannabinoids found in the h**p plant. Most notably, it contains higher levels of the cannabinoid CBD, short for cannabidiol. It also contains a long list of other beneficial compounds found in the stalks and flowers of the plant, including many essential vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, terpenes, chlorophyll, protein, fiber, and flavonoids.

The primary reason people add h**p CBD oil to their everyday wellness routine is to regularly add CBD to their body’s systems. As a plant-derived cannabinoid, CBD promotes balance in the body by stimulating the endocannabinoid system, a signaling network that regulates man of the body’s functions. H**p CBD oil can be consumed on its own, infused into other ingestible products, and added to topical skin and hair care products.

What is H**p Seed Oil?

H**p seed oil is also a nutritious oil made from h**p, but it comes from h**p seeds. H**p seed oil is made by cold-pressing h**p’s small, brown, nutrient-rich seeds. With its olive oil-like color and consistency, it is considered an edible culinary oil and is often used as an ingredient in dressings and sauces. It has a naturally mild nutty flavor that allows it to blend well into foods.

Since h**p seeds contain very little if any cannabinoids, h**p seed oil is not used as a source of CBD.

The primary reason people use h**p seed oil is to support a complete diet. It is often described as a “superfood” because of its many vital nutrients that are a valuable addition to any diet. It can also be added to body care products to provide the skin with h**p’s nutrients that nourish the skin, nails, and hair.

H**p CBD Oil vs H**p Seed Oil: Which One Should You Choose?

Now that you know that h**p CBD oil is not the same as h**p seed oil, which one is right for you?

The primary consideration when deciding between h**p CBD and h**p seed oil is whether you’d like to experience the benefits of CBD and the other trace cannabinoids found in h**p. Remember that unlike h**p seed oil, CBD oil contains high levels of CBD. If you’re looking to encourage balance and naturally promote wellness through the beneficial effects of CBD, h**p CBD oil is the way to go.

That doesn’t mean that h**p seed oil isn’t beneficial. H**p seed oil, like CBD oil, has fantastic nutritional value. It provides your body with vital minerals and nutrients, proteins, and fatty acids. It also has a thinner and less earthy taste than h**p CBD oil, so it is a fantastic culinary ingredient.

Expert answers: can cannabis and CBD affect coronavirus?

The biggest question I’m getting asked is around how CBD and medical cannabis may affect contracting or recovering from coronavirus, and about what else we can do to stay well.

People are asking if cannabis and CBD can help buffer the immune system against getting COVID-19 in the first place, and if you do get it, can CBD and cannabis help treat it? What about the possibility that NSAID anti-inflammatory drugs may have a negative effect on the virus once you are infected and wait a —minute – CBD is an anti-inflammatory too, so what does that mean for CBD?

These are all valid questions and so far, even in terms of the anti-inflammatory drugs and the effect on corona, it is still unclear what the relationship is, if there is one. Many doctors are still recommending sticking to Acetaminophen for the fever for now and avoiding NSAID over the counter drugs until we know more.

CBD, cannabis and coronavirus
As for CBD and cannabis, we don’t have any studies showing it has any effect on the coronavirus, although there are some interesting studies on medical cannabis and smoked cannabis use and HIV progression.

On Facebook and social media, many CBD and cannabis advocates are claiming that they boosted their immunity successfully against all viruses using the plant, and recommending others do the same.

As both a cannabis specialist and doctor trained in natural medicine and western medicine, it is important to let people know the facts and be totally honest about what we don’t know. It’s also critical not to make false claims when we are all understandably a bit scared, and of course want to do everything we can to protect ourselves and our loved ones.

The ‘miracle cure’ claims that some members of the natural wellness community can sometimes make, even when well-intentioned, can have harmful effects on people’s behaviour and also tarnish the industry as promoting ‘snake oils.’

This effect can distance our more ‘conventional’ medicine and research colleagues who are not well versed in botanical medicine, and hurt the progress plant medicine has made in recent years in gaining support and credibility through academic research and inquiry, partnering with the research and those physicians open-minded enough to consider them.

Plant medicines like CBD and medical cannabis do so many amazing things that there is no need to stretch the truth or make claims that cannot be backed up, at least not currently.

So, how can we support our immune systems?
Probably the best way we can support our immunity is avoiding alcohol, staying active while we stay home (dance parties in the living room anyone?) and taking up a simple relaxation or meditation practice to decrease stress hormones.

If you are into supplementing, you could consider adding some adaptogen mushrooms, along with liposomal glutathione (not a direct immune boost but may help support the liver).

Eating a diet rich in micronutrients, zinc, vitamin C, flavonoids like quercetin (in both cannabis and apples) and getting good sleep are all good things to start now if you haven’t already.

Melatonin, our sleep hormone made while we sleep can help healthy immune function too. Deep breathing practices and laughter may also have a positive effect on our immune systems too. So, you can feel like you have done something by putting on a funny film and having a good deep belly laugh to get those lungs working while you self-isolate.

Even if you do everything ‘right’ you may still end up getting coronavirus, but the good news is that most people not in high risk groups will have a mild illness course and recoup at home. Some carriers may not even have any symptoms at all or even know they had it, which is why social distancing is so important, since asymptomatic transmission rates are thought to be quite high with coronavirus.

Dr Dani Gordon MD, CCFP, ABOIM, ABIHM
Guest Author
UK Cannabis Medicine Specialist
US Integrative Medicine
Consulting & Training for Physicians
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Credit to the article
healtheuropa.eu/

The Big List Of Cannabis Cannabinoids

Much of the information we provide is in relation to the two best-known and probably most researched cannabinoids – cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). But there’s so much more – cannabis has a very complex cannabinoid profile.
List of cannabinoids

What is a cannabinoid?

As we mentioned in our introduction to medical cannabis, a cannabinoid is a chemical compound – and there are many, many different types. Part of the role of these compounds in plants (phytocannabinoids) is thought to be providing the plant with some protection from UV rays, pestilence and predation.

The human body produces its own type of cannabinoids, called endocannabinoids. These are crucial to regulating important functions including sleep, mood, pain control and immune response. When endocannabinoid production isn’t sufficient, it can result in serious health conditions. That’s when phytocannabinoids such as those in the cannabis plant can fill the gap in humans, by replacing what the body isn’t producing or not producing sufficient quantities of.
How many different cannabinoids in cannabis?

We’ve seen numbers ranging from 66 to at least 113 – and very few cannabinoids have been well-researched. Below we list all cannabinoids we’re aware of and will add more as they come to our attention. We’ve linked to further information on those we’ve written about.
Cannabichromenes

Cannabichromene (CBC)
Cannabichromenic acid (CBCA)
Cannabichromevarin (CBCV)
Cannabichromevarinic acid (CBCVA)

Cannabicyclols

Cannabicyclol (CBL)
Cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA)
Cannabicyclovarin (CBLV)

Cannabidiols

Cannabidiol (CBD)
Cannabidiol monomethylether (CBDM)
Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)
Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1)
Cannabidivarin (CBDV)
Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA)

Cannabielsoins

Cannabielsoic acid B (CBEA-B)
Cannabielsoin (CBE)
Cannabielsoin acid A (CBEA-A)

Cannabigerols

Cannabigerol (CBG)
Cannabigerol monomethylether (CBGM)
Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)
Cannabigerolic acid monomethylether (CBGAM)
Cannabigerovarin (CBGV)
Cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA)

Cannabinols and cannabinodiols

Cannabinodiol (CBND)
Cannabinodivarin (CBVD)
Cannabinol (CBN)
Cannabinol methylether (CBNM)
Cannabinol-C2 (CBN-C2)
Cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4)
Cannabinolic acid (CBNA)
Cannabiorcool (CBN-C1)
Cannabivarin (CBV)

Cannabitriols

10-Ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol
8,9-Dihydroxy-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol
Cannabitriol (CBT)
Cannabitriolvarin (CBTV)

Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinols

Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC)
Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ8-THCA)

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinols

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-C4 (THC-C4)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B (THCA-B)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-C4 (THCA-C4)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcol (THC-C1)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic acid (THCA-C1)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA)

Miscellaneous cannabinoids

The following are other cannabinoids not classified in a class, or those we’re not sure what class they fit into.

10-Oxo-delta-6a-tetrahydrocannabinol (OTHC)
Cannabichromanon (CBCF)
Cannabifuran (CBF)
Cannabiglendol
Cannabiripsol (CBR)
Cannbicitran (CBT)
Dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF)
Delta-9-cis-tetrahydrocannabinol (cis-THC)
Tryhydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (triOH-THC)

… and we’d be remiss not to mention this doozy:

3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethyl-9-n-propyl-2,6-methano-2H-1-benzoxocin-5-methanol, or OH-iso-HHCV to its friends.

A major hat-tip is in order for Rudolf Brenneisen, author of the “Chemistry and Analysis of Phytocannabinoids and Other Cannabis Constituents*”, who has documented many of the above cannabinoids.

Many of the cannabinoids above are yet to be studied in any real degree to determine their potential therapeutic benefit (or otherwise). It’s highly likely the cannabis plant has more suprises for humanity. What makes things even more interesting is the potential for combinations of cannabinoids to offer a therapeutic effect that they may not have on their own, or to a lesser degree.

While the world of cannabinoids is a complex one, at least the next time someone drops 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-alpha-alpha-2-trimethyl-9-n-propyl-2,6-methano-2H-1-benzoxocin-5-methanol into a conversation at a dinner party you’ll be able to nod sagely, knowing what they are talking about.

If we’ve missed any cannabinoids that have been named or you spot anything needing correcting, please drop us a line and let us know.

Cannabinoids are only part of the cannabis story – albeit a major one. There’s also compounds called terpenes, which we’ll look at in another article.

*Brenneisen R. (2007) Chemistry and Analysis of Phytocannabinoids and Other Cannabis Constituents. In: ElSohly M.A. (eds) Ma*****na and the Cannabinoids. Forensic Science And Medicine. Humana Press. Link

* The article was originally published on h**pgazette.com

World’s First Plane – Made & Powered By H**p
– Is 10 Times Stronger Than Steel

H**pearth, the Canadian cannabis firm, has designed the world’s first plane made and powered by h**p – the non-psychoactive member of the cannabis family 10 times stronger than steel. Interestingly, everything from the seats, the wings, the plane walls and even the pillows are made from h**p. The plane, with a wingspan of 36 feet, can hold one pilot and four passengers. What’s more? It runs on 100% h**p oil!

H**p is lighter than traditional aerospace materials (such as aluminium and fiberglass) and therefore requires a lot less fuel to reach a high altitude. Most importantly, h**p is non-toxic, sustainable, requires way less water and land to grow than cotton, and compared to steel or carbon fibre, has almost no environmental impact.

H**pearth CEO Derek Kesek says:

“This plane project is our first experiment with industrial h**p, and we plan to explore many other uses. Once we establish structural testing and information from this project, we will apply it to other forms of construction. This is the kind of future we all want here on Earth. The sky may not be the limit.”

H**pearth is also developing h**p composites in Montreal, which could replace all fiberglass in aviation and other industries — such as construction. It recently turned down Dupont as they “don’t and never will sign or work with fascist companies that are associated with military, The Rockefellers, The Rothchilds and or the Military Industrial Complex”.

“I build things organically and take it one thing at a time,” Kesek adds. “Richard Branson is my biggest inspiration because he is showing that it’s not business as usual any more: if you want something you go get it.”

When the first h**p plane is completed, its first flight is set to take place at The Wright Brother’s Memorial in Kitty Hawk North Carolina – the birthplace of aviation.

CBD as a Superbug Antibiotic?

From WebMD Health News By Kathleen Doheny
June 24, 2019 --
Cannabidiol, or CBD, already being researched and used for anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy and pain, may be the next superbug fighter for resistant infections, a new study suggests.

The researchers tested CBD against a wide variety of bacteria, ''including bacteria that have become resistant to the most commonly used antibiotics," says Mark Blaskovich, PhD, senior research officer at the Centre for Superbug Solutions at the Institute for Molecular Bioscience at the University of Queensland in Australia.

The development is important, as antibiotic resistance is reaching dangerously high levels, according to the World Health Organization.
What the Research Shows

CBD is a non-psychoactive compound taken from cannabis and h**p; it does not produce the high that regular ma*****na does. To date, the FDA has only approved CBD for treating rare and severe forms of seizure, although it is promoted for many other health benefits.

Blaskovich presented the research Sunday at the American Society for Microbiology annual meeting. The research includes work in test tubes and animal models. Research presented at meetings should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.

"The first thing we looked at is CBD's ability to kill bacteria," he says. "In every case, CBD had a very similar potency to that of common antibiotics."

The researchers tested the CBD against some strains of staphylococcus, which cause skin infections, and streptococcus, which cause strep throat.

They compared how effective CBD was compared to common antibiotics, such as vancomycin and daptomycin. "We looked at how quickly the CBD killed the bacteria. It's quite fast, within 3 hours, which is pretty good. Vancomycin (Vancocin) kills over 6 to 8 hours."

The CBD also disrupted the biofilm, the layer of ''goop'' around bacteria that makes it more difficult for the antibiotic to pe*****te and kill.

Finally, the lab studies showed that "CBD is much less likely to cause resistance than the existing antibiotics," Blaskovich says.

The CBD ''is selective for the type of bacteria," he says.

He found it effective against gram-positive bacteria but not gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria cause serious skin infections and pneumonia, among other conditions. Gram-negative bacteria include salmonella (found in undercooked foods) and E. coli (the cause of urinary tract infections, diarrhea, and other ailments), among other bacteria.

In another study, also presented at the meeting, the researchers tested topical CBD to treat a skin infection on mice. It cut the number of bacteria after 48 hours, Blaskovich says, although it did not clear the infection. That research is ongoing.
How It Might Work, Caveats

The researchers can't say exactly how the CBD may prove to be a superbug infection fighter. "We thought it might work by damaging the outer membrane of the bacteria, to make it leaky," Blaskovich says. "It doesn't seem to do that. It might be a completely new mechanism of action."

He says the research results are promising but in early stages. He also warns people that it's much too early to self-treat infections with CBD.

The study was funded by Botanix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., which is researching uses of CBD for skin conditions, and the Australian government. Blaskovich is a consultant for Botanix.
Perspective

Brandon Novy, a microbiology researcher at Reed College in Portland, OR, calls the study findings ''very promising,'' since the results show the bacteria were not able to form resistance to the CBD, and since the bacteria were not able to form a biofilm.

Both findings are important. "The biofilm is an important part of the whole infection process," he says. "It helps the bacteria attach [to whatever surface or host] and survive."

At the same meeting, Novy presented a preliminary study, finding that CBD also looks promising to fight some gram-negative infections.

"It is an important study that deserves to be followed up on," says Amesh Adalja, MD, an infectious disease doctor and senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.

He was not involved in the new study. But he cautions that ''it is important to keep it all in context. I think it is a good thing that people are looking at the use of CBD for infectious uses in a systematic way."

But the work so far is only in test tubes and animals. Many question remain, such as looking at whether it is toxic, doses, and the best way to deliver the CBD, Adalja says. He, too, cautions against self-treating with CBD for infections.

Glaucoma – Medical Ma*****na Research Overview

The following information is presented for educational purposes only. Medical Ma*****na Inc. provides this information to provide an understanding of the potential applications of cannabidiol. Links to third party websites do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations by Medical Ma*****na Inc. and none should be inferred.

Glaucoma is an eye disease where high intraocular pressure does permanent damage to the optic nerve and causes vision loss. Studies have shown cannabis is effective for decreasing intraocular pressure.

Overview of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by abnormally high pressure in the eye, which gradually causes damage to the optic nerve. According to Mayo Clinic, glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States.

The vision loss caused by glaucoma cannot be recovered and the most common form of glaucoma has zero warning signs. The damage to the optic nerve is so gradual that most don’t notice the change in vision until the condition is at an advanced stage. Early detection through regular eye exams and a test that measures eye pressure are necessary for glaucoma to be diagnosed early enough before permanent damage can be done. Those who are diagnosed with the condition will need regular treatment to lower eye pressure for the rest of their lives.

The elevated eye pressure is the result of a buildup of fluid called aqueous humor that flows throughout the eye. The fluid normally drains, but when it’s overproduced or doesn’t drain properly, pressure builds.

There are two types of glaucoma conditions, including open-angle glaucoma and acute angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of the condition. Acute angle-closure glaucoma can be accommodated with severe headache, eye pain, and nausea and vomiting.

Since glaucoma isn’t curable, treatment focus is on keeping the pressure lower in the eye through medications.

Findings: Effects of Cannabis on Glaucoma

Over multiple decades, scientific research has proven that cannabinoids are effective at decreasing intraocular pressure. In addition, the compounds found in cannabis feature neuroprotective and vasodilation properties, which further assist in the conservative treatment of glaucoma[9]. The cannabinoids found in cannabis, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), activate endocannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 [10]. These endocannabinoid receptors are located in the structures of the eyes and are responsible for the formation and outflow
of aqueous humor [9].

Studies have demonstrated cannabinoids have efficacy at lowering intraocular pressure [1],[10]. One study found that smoking cannabis lowered blood pressure, which led to a decrease in intraocular pressure, within 60 to 90 minutes of inhalation [6].

For patients interested in avoiding the psychoactive effects of smoking cannabis, topical cannabinoid applications have also proven effective at decreasing ocular pressure. In one study, applying THC oil directly to the eyes of participants with high blood pressure resulted in the lowering of systolic blood pressure, which researchers concluded may lead to a decrease
in intraocular pressure [7].
In another, applying cannabinoid directly to the eye decreased intraocular pressure within the first 30 minutes with maximal reduction being reached in 60 minutes10. One study that applied cannabinoids directly to the eyes of rabbits recorded decreased intraocular pressure within 1.5 hours of administration and the effects lasted for more than 6 hours. In addition, the eye to which the cannabinoid had not been administered also experienced a decrease in intraocular pressure, but the effect lasted for 4 hours [8].

Recent Studies on Cannabis’ Effect on Glaucoma

Applying a cannabinoid topically to one eye of rabbits significantly lowered intraocular pressure in that eye as well as the eye that was not treated.
A submicron emulsion of HU-211, a synthetic cannabinoid, reduces intraocular pressure in rabbits.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs004170050361

Applying a cannabinoid directly to the human eye decreased intraocular pressure within 30 minutes and reached maximal reduction in the first 60 minutes.
The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55212-2 decreases the intraocular pressure in human glaucoma resistant to conventional therapies.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1046/j.0953-816X.2000.01401.x/full

References:
1.
Chien, F.Y., Wang, R.F., and Mittag, T.W. (2003, January). Effect of WIN 55212-2, a Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist, on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Monkeys. Archives of Ophthalmology, 121(1), 87-90. Retrieved from http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/415023.
2.
Colasanti, B.K., Craig, C.R., and Allara, R.D. (1984, September). Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity after administration of cannabinol or cannabigerol. Experimental Eye Research, 39(3), 251-9. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0014483584900137.
3.
Facts About Glaucoma. (n.d.). National Eye Institute. Retrieved from https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts.
4.
Glaucoma. (2015, September 15). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/basics/definition/con-20024042.
5.
Jarvinen, T., Pate, D.W., and Laine, K. (2002, August). Cannabinoids in the treatment of glaucoma. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 95(2), 203-20. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725802002590.
6.
Merritt, J.C., Crawford, W.J., Alexander, P.C., Andruze, A.L., and Gelbart, S.S. (1980, March). Effect of ma*****na on intraocular and blood pressure in glaucoma. Ophthalmology, 87(3), 222-8. Retrieved from http://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(80)35258-5/abstract.
7.
Merritt, J.C., Olsen, J.L., Armstrong, J.R., and McKinnon, S.M. (1981, January). Topical delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in hypertensive glaucomas. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 33(1), 40-1. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13699.x/pdf.
8.
Naveh, N., Weissman, C., Muchtar, S., Benita, S., and Mechoulam, R. (2000, April). A submicron emulsion of HU-211, a synthetic cannabinoid, reduces intraocular pressure in rabbits. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 238(4), 334-8. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs0041700503619.
Nucci, C., Bari, M., Spano, A., Corasaniti, M., Bagetta, G., Maccarrone, M., and Morrone, L.A. (2008). Potential roles of (endo)cannabinoids in the treatment of glaucoma: from intraocular pressure control to neuroprotection. Progress in Brain Research, 173, 451-64. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S007961230801131X.
10.
Porcella, A., Maxia, C., Gessa, G.L., and Pani, L. (2001, January). The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55212-2 decreases the intraocular pressure in human glaucoma resistant to conventional therapies. European Journal of Neuroscience, 13(2), 409-12. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1046/j.0953-816X.2000.01401.x/full..

States That Have Approved
Medical Ma*****na for Glaucoma

Currently, 26 states have approved medical ma*****na for the treatment of glaucoma. These states include: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington.

Several states have approved medical ma*****na specifically to treat “chronic pain,” a symptom commonly associated with glaucoma. These states include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia. The states of Nevada, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Montana, Ohio and Vermont allow medical ma*****na to treat “severe pain.” The states of Arkansas, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Washington, and West Virginia have approved cannabis for the treatment of “intractable pain.”

In Washington D.C., any condition can be approved for medical ma*****na as long as a DC-licensed physician recommends the treatment.