Verbling Teacher Yana

RUSSIAN INTRODUCTION WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS

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DAILY ROUTINE VERBS

просыпаться / проснуться — to wake up, to awake
вставать / встать — to get up
ложиться / лечь спать — to go to bed
умываться / умыться — to wash (oneself)
принимать / принять душ — to take a shower
чистить / почистить зубы — to brush teeth
одеваться / одеться — to dress up, to put on (clothes)
завтракать / позавтракать (где? с кем?) — to have breakfast
обедать / пообедать (где? с кем?) — to have lunch / dinner
ужинать / поужинать (где? с кем?) — to have supper
опаздывать / опоздать (куда? на что?) — to be late
возвращаться / вернуться (домой) — to come back (home)

Russian prepositions sorted by case:

Russian/Prepositions - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Prepositions are small words that precede a phrase and connect it to the rest of the sentence. Example of prepositions in English include 'He went

The Russian letter Ы

It is not a secret that the letter "ы" is not the simplest one in the Russian alphabet, but there are some ways to learn how to pronounce this awkward letter:

- Through the sound [i]: start pronouncing the sound [i] and then draw back your tongue.

- Trough the sound [u]: when pronouncing the sound [u] try to stretch your lips to the sides (which are should be rounded when you pronounce [u]).

Also, there is a little trick that will help you to imitate this sound. Take a pencil and bite it with your teeth spreading the corners of your mouth as wide as possible. In this position pronounce the sound [i:].

Russian letter "Ы". How to pronounce. Did you know that Russian letter "ы" was formed from two letters "ъ" (hard sign) and "i" (и)? In medieval manuscripts, it is almost always found as "ъі" or "...

Russian cursive handwriting worksheets (free download, pdf) Russian handwriting training worksheets for improving handwriting.

VOCABULARY: RESTAURANT

This week is a Pancake week called МАСЛЕНИЦА!

Maslenitsa is a jolly and beautiful Russian holiday. This celebration lasts for a week. This is the last week before Great Lent. Sometimes they call it the "pancake week" because in this time everyone has to cook and eat pancakes. Why precisely pancakes? Because pancakes are round and yellow, just like the sun! On this holiday Russians are happy about the sun and spring and see off the long winter.

Масленица – это весёлый и красивый русский праздник. Этот праздник длится неделю. Это последняя неделя перед Великим Постом. Иногда масленицу называют «блинная неделя», так как в это время нужно готовить и есть блины. Почему именно блины? Потому что блины – круглые и жёлтые, как солнце! В этот праздник русские люди радуются солнцу и весне и провожают долгую зиму.

This is a very happy week. Every day there is a special activity. For example, on Tuesday different games are held in the open air. Everyone can take part in them. On Wednesday you have to visit your mother-in-law and eat pancakes at her place. On Thursday you can go sled-riding. On Sunday a straw effigy symbolizing winter is burnt.

Эта неделя очень весёлая. Каждый день есть особое занятие. Например, во вторник проводятся разные игры на свежем воздухе. Каждый может принять в них участие. В среду нужно пойти в гости к тёще и поесть у неё блины. В четверг можно кататься на санках. А в воскресенье сжигают соломенное чучело, которое символизирует зиму.

On this Sunday you have to ask for forgiveness from all your close relatives and friends. That is why Russians call each other on the phone or send messages and ask to forgive them for all the bad things they did. And of course, on this day you have to eat pancakes as well!

В это воскресенье нужно просить прощения у всех своих близких и друзей. Поэтому русские люди звонят друг другу по телефону или пишут сообщения и просят прощения за всё плохое, что они сделали. И конечно, в этот день тоже нужно есть блины!

Russian vocabulary:

Весёлый: joyful, cheerful, happy
Праздник - праздники: a holiday - holidays
Длиться: to last
Великий Пост: Great Lent (Russian Orthodox Lent)
Блин - блины: a pancake - pancakes
Именно: particularly
Радоваться + Dative case: to feel happy about something or someone
Провожать: to see off (проводить - perfective, провожать - imperfective)
Занятие - занятия: an activity - activities
Проводиться: to be held, to be organized
На свежем воздухе: in the open air
Принять участие: to take part (принять - perfective, принимать - imperfective)
Тёща: a mother-in-law
Кататься на санках: to go sled-riding
Соломенное чучело: a straw effigy
Просить прощения: to ask for forgiveness
Близкий: someone close or a close relative
Сообщение - сообщения: a message/sms - messages

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If you think that the spirit of the New Year’s is over, you cannot be more wrong. The party’s still going on in Russia, where on 14th of January every year people celebrate Old New Year.

Old New Year In Russia: Customs and Traditions - The Russian Abroad Did you know that the Russians celebrate Old New Year? This date is different from the New Year's, has it's own history, traditions, and way of celebrating!

Russian New Year: Customs And Traditions - The Russian Abroad Did you ever wonder how the Russians celebrate New Year? It's different from what you thought!

RUSSIAN HOLIDAY GREETINGS

Счастливого рождества!
[shchis-LEE-vah-vah razhdee-STVAH]
Merry Christmas! (lit: Happy Christmas)

C рождеством!
[srah-zhdee-STVOHM]
Merry Christmas! (lit: With Christmas)

Весёлого рождества!
[vee-SYOH-lah-vah rah-zhdee-STVAH]
Merry Christmas!

С Новым годом!
[SNO-vim GO-dahm]
Happy New Year! (lit: With New Year)

Счастливого Нового года!
[shchis-LEE-vah-vah NO-vah-vah GO-dah]
Happy New Year!

От всей души поздравляю с ...
[aht fsehy doo-SHI pahz-drahv-LYAH-yoo s]
My sincere greetings with ...
..Новым Годом!
[SNO-vim GO-dahm] ..New Year!
..Рождеством!
[rah-zhdee-STVOHM] ..Christmas!

Желаю тебе/вам ...
[zheh-LA-yoo teh-BEH/vahm ...]
I wish you ...
.. счастья.
[SHCHAST'-yah] .. happiness.
.. удачи.
[oo-DA-chee] ... good luck.
.. здоровья.
[zda-ROHV'-yah] .. good health.

Пусть сбудутся все твои/ваши мечты!
[poost' ZBOO-doo-tsa fseh tva-EE/VA-shi mehch-TI]
May all your dreams come true!

Желаю всего хорошего.
[zheh-LA-yoo fseh-VO ha-RO-sheh-va]
I wish you all the best.

Счастья и здоровья!
[SHCHAST'-yah ee zda-ROHV'-yah]
(I wish you) Happiness and health!

Russian New Year and Christmas

For Russians, there is no holiday more important than the New Year. It is the first on the calendar and in popularity. People see the New Year in at midnight on the 31st of December. They greet the New Year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o'clock.

Russian Holiday tradition includes a decorated New Year's tree - ёлка* (fir tree). Children always wait for Дед Mopoз* (Grandfather Frost), to come and bring them a present. Grandfather Frost's residence is situated in Velikii Ustug, the town on the north of Russia. Grandfather Frost is always accompanied by his granddaughter Снегурочка* (Snowmaiden) who helps him distribute the gifts. For the Russians, the New Year is a family holiday; people think about friends and relatives. But young people prefer to have the New Year parties of their own.

Don't be surprised, but at midnight on the 13d of January people in Russia celebrate Old New Year that corresponds to January 7th in the Julian calendar, used in Russia before 1918.
After the Revolution that took place in 1917 year religion was called as "o***m for people" and Christmas was banned throughout Russia, along with other religious celebrations. So celebrating New Year became a sort of "replacement" for it. Only after 75 years, in 1992, Christmas became openly observed. Russian Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas on January 7th, in accordance with the old Julian calendar. A lot of people go to church services on that day. On the Eve of Christmas, it is traditional for all family members to gather. But, until now, Christmas is less popular in Russia in contrast to Britain or the USA, where it is the greatest holiday of the year.

Notes:
ёлка (fir tree) is pronounced as "YOL-ka"
Дед Mopoз (Grandfather Frost) is pronounced as "deht ma-ROHS"
Снегурочка (Snowmaiden) is pronounced as "snee-GOO-rahch-ka"
New Year: December 31st - January 1st
Christmas: January 6th - January 7th
Old New Year: January 13d - January 14th

USEFUL SHEETS TO MAKE RUSSIAN CASES MORE VISUAL!

The difference between И, А, and НО

ASPECTS OF RUSSIAN VERBS:
IMPERFECTIVE AND PERFECTIVE

The Russian verb has 3 tenses and 2 aspects. Aspects describe different qualities of an action—it is either acting (the process of doing something—Imperfective) or the result of an action (after someone has finished doing something—Perfective). Using the Imperfective/Perfective depends only on the intention of the speaker to emphasize different aspects of action in his or her speech.

NOTE: The Perfective can be used only in the Past or Future Tense since the result can be reached only in past, and there is still a chance that there will be a result in future. Also please note that verbs in the Perfective aspect in the Future Tense change persons as verbs in the Imperfective aspect in the Present Tense.

ЧТО or ЧТОБЫ?

MEANINGS OF VERBS OF MOTION

In Russian, we use two general types of verbs to talk about motion. For our purposes, we will call them groups "идти" and "ходить".
Once familiarized with this pair, you’ll have an idea how to use the rest of the verbs of motion.

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POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns in Russian answer questions Чей? (masculine) Чья? (feminine) Чьё? (neuter) Чьи? (plural) - Whose?

Note: Possessive pronouns мой (my), твой (your), наш (our), ваш (your, plural or polite) in Russian change depending on the gender and number of a noun.
Possessive pronouns его (his), её (her), их (their) - don’t change.

NOUNS USED ONLY IN THE SINGULAR

Below are examples of Russian nouns from various categories used only in the singular. Special note should be taken of those collective nouns that are used in the plural form in English, but in Russian are used only in the singular.

BODY PARTS VOCABULARY

VERBS OF MOTION IN RUSSIAN

Russian verbs of motion belong to a special category of verbs used to describe the means of transportation or ways of movement, i.e. when you walk to a nearby store, take a bus to the market, or go across the city by subway.

Verbs of motion go in pairs to express a distinction between unidirectional and multidirectional. In total there are fourteen such pairs:

To encourage someone who's sick and to wish them a speedy recovery in Russian, here are the phrases to use:

1) Не болей! (ni-ba-LEY) - Don't be sick!
2) Выздоравливай! (vy-zda-RAHV-li-vay) - Get better! Get well!
3) Выздоравливай скорее/поскорее! (vy-zda-RAHV-li-vay ska-RYE-ye /pa-ska-RYE-ye) - Get better soon! Get well soon!
4) Поправляйся! (pap-rav-LYAI-sya) - Get well! Get better!
5) Надеюсь, тебе скоро станет лучше! (na-DYE-yus ti-BYE SKOH-ra STAH-nit LOOT-she) - I hope you feel better soon!

And, if you are not afraid of phrases that sound almost like tongue twisters:
6) Желаю скорейшего выздоровления! (zhi-LAH-yu ska-REI-shi-va vy-zda-rav-LYE-ni-ya) - Wishing you a speedy recovery!

Different meanings of the verb ДАВАТЬ

THE PAST TENSE
(Прошедшее время)

The Russian language has only one past tense form. It is used to talk about actions and situations that took place in the past. The English counterparts of the Russian past tense are the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, the Present Perfect, and the Past Perfect, for example:

- Что ты делал вчера вечером?
What were you doing last night?
- Я читал.
I was reading.

- Вы когда-нибудь были в России?
Have you ever been to Russia?
- Да, мы были в Москве.
Yes, we've been to Moscow.

To form the past tense in Russian you simply need to remove the final -ТЬ of a verb and add -Л plus the appropriate final letter reflecting the gender and number of the subject.

Add -Л if the noun is singular masculine, -ЛА if it is singular feminine, -ЛО if it’s singular neuter, and -ЛИ if the noun is plural.

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RUSSIAN PRONOUN КОТОРЫЙ
(who, which, that)

The word "который" ONLY DEPENDS ON THE WORD BEFORE IT IN ITS GENDER, BUT THE CASE USED DEPENDS ON THE CONSTRUCTION THAT GOES AFTER IT!

For example:
Девушка, КОТОРУЮ Я ЛЮБЛЮ (девушка: feminine, любить + Accusative)
Человек, С КОТОРЫМ Я ЗНАКОМ (человек: masculine, знаком + Instrumental)

Note: Before and after the "который" construction we always put a comma.

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