Cannabiseutical - s

H**p Caviar & Thought Bubbles: Brain Food to Help You Function Better H**p Caviar, like chocolate Xanax, works best at bedtime, when they reduce the amount of times my painful back wakes me up and make going back to sleep...

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CBD Oil And Diabetes - The Positive Effects Of CBD On Insulin And Metabolism It also has anti- inflammatory properties. It is known that chronic inflammation can play a role in the development of insulin resistance so CBD oil can be...

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Six Pharmaceutical Drugs That Immediately Destroy Your Health Some pharmaceutical medicines can cause you immediate physiological damage, keep reading to find out which ones! A new CDC report confirmed that half of all Americans take some pharmaceutical drug for their sicknesses. Over 150 million citizens in the U.S. are consuming medications that are tests or...

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Join us on November 1 for Cannabis As An Option for Pain Awareness Day Advancing Legal Medical Ma*****na Therapeutics and Research

Coming soon Clinical Trials : Cannabinoid whole plant based non - Addictive Methadone Replacement to end op**te addiction.

Clinical Trials for a non-addictive supplement that is Cannabinoid based Methadone Replacement "Good Foot" A 3 part opioid recovery alternative. Dr. Meletis

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If You’re Buying Your W**d Solely Based on the THC Level, You’re Doing it Wrong. The entourage effect of the terpene and cannabinoid content plays a far greater role in determining your experience

Education..the key to Victory in 2012Can
September 9, 2010 at 6:23p

In a 2007 study, performed at Harvard University, cancer tumors shrunk by 50 percent in weight, and there was a 60 percent reduction in the number of lung tumors after three weeks of treatment with THC.



For 3000 Years prior to 1842, ma*****na and hashish extracts were the most widely-used medicines in the world. Prior to 1842, ma*****na and hashish extracts were the most widely used medicines in the world.



Benjamin Franklin started one of America's first paper mills with cannabis, allowing a colonial press free from English control.



The U.S. Government distributed 400,000 pounds of cannabis seeds to American farmers in 1942 to aid the war effort.



Archaeologists agree that cannabis was among the first crops purposely cultivated by human beings at least over 6,000 years ago, and perhaps more than 12,000 years ago.



H**p has been grown for at least the last 12,000 years for fiber (textiles and paper) and food. It has been effectively prohibited in the United States since the 1950s.



George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both grew h**p. Ben Franklin owned a mill that made h**p paper. Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence on h**p paper.



Betsy Ross sewed the first American flag from h**p.



The first report of ma*****na as medicine was 2727 B.C. in China.



In the U.S.A. h**p was used as medicine began in 1840 with the introduction of stronger varieties of ma*****na and was used for almost 100 years. Some 360,000 acres of ma*****na was grown annually during World War II, the seed crop grown by the 4H kids in Kentucky.



Abraham Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd, came from the richest h**p-growing family in Kentucky.



The Volstead Act of 1920, which raised the price of alcohol in the United States, positioned ma*****na as an attractive alternative and led to an increase in use of the drug. "Tea pads," where a person could purchase ma*****na for 25 cents or less, began appearing in cities across the United States, particularly as part of the black "hepster" jazz culture.



By 1930 it was reported that there were at least 500 of these "tea pads" in New York City alone. During the Great Depression as unemployment increased, resentment and fear of the Mexican immigrants became connected to ma*****na use. Numerous research studies linked ma*****na use by lower class communities with crime and violence. In 1937, Congress passed the Ma*****na Tax Act which criminalized the drug. From 1951 to 1956 stricter sentencing laws set mandatory minimum sentences for drug-related offenses. In the 1950s the beatniks appropriated the use of ma*****na from the black hepsters and the drug moved into middle-class white America in the 1960s.



Refusing to grow H**p in America during the 17th and 18th Centuries was against the law! You could be jailed in Virginia for refusing to grow h**p from 1763 to 1769.



Jefferson smuggled h**p seeds from China to France then to America.



The War of 1812 was fought over h**p. Napoleon wanted to cut off Moscow's export to England.



The first crop grown in many states was h**p. 1850 was a peak year for Kentucky producing 40,000 tons. H**p was the largest cash crop until the 20th Century; State Archives.



Oldest known records of h**p farming go back 5000 years in China, although h**p industrialization probably goes back to ancient Egypt.



Rembrandt, Gainsborough and Van Gogh as well as most early canvas paintings were principally painted on h**p linen.



In 1916, the U.S. Government predicted that by the 1940s all paper would come from h**p and that no more trees need to be cut down. Government studies report that 1 acre of h**p equals 4.1 acres of trees. Plans were in the works to implement such programs; Department of Agriculture



Quality paints and varnishes were made from h**p seed oil until 1937. 58,000 tons of h**p seeds were used in America for paint products in 1935.; Sherman Williams Paint Co. testimony before Congress against the 1937 Ma*****na Tax Act.



*Henry Ford's first Model-T was built to run on h**p gasoline and the car itself was constructed from h**p. On his large estate, Ford was photographed among his h**p fields. The car, 'grown from the soil,' had h**p plastic panels whose impact strength was 10 times stronger than steel; Popular Mechanics, 1941.



H**p called 'Billion Dollar Crop.' It was the first time a cash crop had a business potential to exceed a billion dollars; Popular Mechanics, Feb., 1938.



Mechanical Engineering Magazine (Feb. 1938) published an article entitled 'The Most Profitable and Desirable Crop that Can be Grown.' It stated that if h**p was cultivated using 20th Century technology, it would be the single largest agricultural crop in the U.S. and the rest of the world. In the 1930s, innovations in farm machinery would have caused an industrial revolution when applied to h**p. This single resource could have created millions of new jobs generating thousands of quality products. H**p, if not made illegal, would have brought America out of the Great Depression.



Benjamin Franklin started one of America's first paper mills with cannabis. This allowed America to have a free colonial press without having to beg or justify the need for paper and books from England.



Cannabis extract medicines were produced by Eli Lilly, Parke-Davis, Tildens, Brothers Smith (Smith Brothers), Squibb and many other American and European companies and apothecaries. During all that time there was not one reported death from cannabis extract medicines, and virtually no abuse or mental disorders reported, except for first-time or novice users occasionally becoming disoriented or overly introverted.



In early 1942, Japan cut off our supplies of vital h**p and course fibers. Ma*****na, which had been outlawed in the United States as the "Assassin of Youth" just five years earlier, was suddenly safe enough for our government to ask the kids in the Kentucky 4-H clubs to grow the nation's 1943 seed supply. Each youth was urged to grow at least half an acre, but preferably two acres of h**p for seed.



Ma*****na was America's number one analgesic for 60 years before the rediscovery of aspirin around 1900. From 1842 to 1900 cannabis made up half of all medicine sold, with virtually no fear of its high.



The 1839 report on the uses of cannabis by Dr. W.B. O'Shaugnessy, one of the most respected members of the Royal Academy of Sciences, was just as important to mid-19th Century Western medicine as the discoveries of antibiotics (like penicillin and Terramycin) were to mid-20th Century medicine.



From more than 1,000 years before the time of Christ until 1883 A.D., cannabis h**p - indeed, ma*****na - was our planet's largest agricultural crop and most important industry, involving thousands of products and enterprises; producing the overall majority of Earth's fiber, fabric, lighting oil, paper, incense and medicines. In addition, it was a primary source of essential food oil and protein for humans and animals.



Until 1883, from 75-90% of all paper in the world was made with cannabis h**p fiber including that for books, Bibles, maps, paper money, stocks and bonds, newspapers, etc. The Gutenberg Bible (in the 15th Century); Pantagruel and the Herb pantagruelion, Rabelais (16th Century); King James Bible (17th Century); the works of Fitz Hugh Ludlow, Mark Twain, Victor Hugo, Alexander Dumas; Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland" (19th Century); and just about everything else was printed on h**p paper.



The first draft of the Declaration of Independence (June 28, 1776) was written on Dutch (h**p) paper, as was the second draft completed on July 2, 1776. This was the document actually agreed to on that day and announced and released on July 4, 1776. On July 19, 1776, Congress ordered the Declaration be copied and engrossed on parchment (a prepared animal skin) and this was the document actually signed by the delegates on August 2, 1776. H**p paper lasted 50 to 100 times longer than most preparations of papyrus, and was a hundred times easier and cheaper to make.



The DEA's own conservative administrative law judge, Francis Young, after taking medical testimony for 15 days and reviewing hundreds of DEA/NIDA documents positioned against the evidence introduced by ma*****na reform activists, concluded in September 1988 that "ma*****na is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man."



The parachute used by George Herbert Walker Bush when his bomber was shot down over the Pacific in 1944 was 100% legal American "Ma*****na." George W. Bush was not born until 1946. Therefore, legal "Ma*****na" has saved the lives of two US Presidents.



During the three years that the United States was officially involved in World War II, nearly one million acres of "Ma*****na" were legally grown throughout the country. For the next forty years, every Federal Administration denied the existence of the film, "H**p For Victory." Finally, in 1989, independent researchers discovered two copies of the film in the Library of Congress. Yet to this day, the US Federal government refuses to admit that Cannabis Sativa has any uses, whether as medicine or as a resource.



In September of 1937, h**p became illegal. The most useful crop known became a drug and our planet has been suffering ever since.



The current laws against the cultivation of H**p can be attributed to three men, Henry J. Anslinger, Lammont DuPont, and William Randolph Hearst, who made growing h**p illegal. Anslinger was the head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, DuPont and Hearst were the owners of the largest chemical company and newspaper, respectively. Hearst began printing outlandish stories with headlines such as "Ma*****na goads user to blood lust" and "Hotel clerk identifies Ma*****na smoker as gunman". He also took advantage of the country's prejudice against blacks and immigrants by printing that ma*****na-crazed negroes were ra**ng white women and by painting pictures of lazy, pot-smoking Mexicans. DuPont's banker Andrew Mellon who happened to be Secretary of the Treasury under Herbert Hoover, also had a nephew-in-law, Henry Anslinger, who had the Ma*****na Tax Law of 1937 passed allowing munitions maker DuPont to supply synthetic fibers for the domestic economy without competition.



These men succeeded in a conspiracy which ultimately added to the destruction of the environment, by them producing plastic and paper where h**p could have been more beneficial. In 1991 DuPont was still the largest producer of man-made fibers, while no citizen has legally harvested a single acre of textile grade h**p in over 50 years. The standard fiber of world history, America's traditional crop, h**p, could provide our textiles, paper and be the premier source for cellulose. The war industries DuPont, Allied Chemical, Monsanto, and others are protected from competition by the ma*****na laws and they make war on the natural cycle and the common farmer.



Congress banned h**p because it was said to be the most violence-causing drug known. Anslinger, head of the Drug Commission for 31 years, promoted the idea that ma*****na made users act extremely violent. In the 1950s, under the Communist threat of McCarthyism, Anslinger now said the exact opposite. Ma*****na will pacify you so much that soldiers would not want to fight.



Until the 1820s in America (and until the 20th Century in most of the rest of the world), 80% of all textiles and fabrics used for clothing, tents, bed sheets, and linens, rugs, drapes, quilts, towels, diapers, etc.--and even the US flag, "Old Glory," were principally made from fibers of cannabis h**p.



The pot plant is an ALIEN plant. There is physical evidence that cannabis is not like any other plant on this planet. One could conclude that it was brought here for the benefit of humanity. H**p is the ONLY plant where the males appear one way and the females appear very different, physically! No one ever speaks of males and females in regard to the plant kingdom because plants do not show their s*xes; except for cannabis. To determine what s*x a certain, normal, Earthly plant is: You have to look internally, at its DNA. A male blade of grass (physically) looks exactly like a female blade of grass. The h**p plant has an intense s*xuality. Growers know to kill the males before they fertilize the females. Yes, folks...the most potent pot comes from 'h***y females.'



"God makes the Earth yield healing herbs, which the prudent man should not neglect. "Sirach: 38:4 (Catholic Bible).



Abraham Lincoln was an avowed enemy of prohibition. His wife was prescribed cannabis for her nerves after his assassination. Virtually every president from the mid-19th Century up until prohibition routinely used cannabis medicines



It was LEGAL TO PAY TAXES WITH H**P in America from 1631 until the early 1800s



Between 1850 and 1937 ma*****na was widely used throughout United States as a medicinal drug and could easily be purchased in pharmacies and general stores. Recreational use was limited in the US until after the Mexican Revolution of 1910, when an influx of Mexican immigrants introduced the habit.



In 1619 the Virginia Assembly passed legislation requiring every farmer to grow h**p. H**p was allowed to be exchanged as legal tender in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland.



The US Drug Enforcement Agency classifies all C. sativa varieties as "ma*****na." While it is theoretically possible to get permission from the government to grow h**p, DEA would require that the field be secured by fence, razor wire, dogs, guards, and lights, making it cost-prohibitive.



The US State Department must certify each year that a foreign nation is cooperating in the war on drugs. The European Union subsidizes its farmers to grow industrial h**p. Those nations are not on this list, because the State Department can tell the difference between h**p and ma*****na.



H**p was grown commercially (with increasing governmental interference) in the United States until the 1950s. It was doomed by the Ma*****na Tax Act of 1937, which placed an extremely high tax on ma*****na and made it effectively impossible to grow industrial h**p. While Congress expressly expected the continued production of industrial h**p, the Federal Bureau of Narcotics lumped industrial h**p with ma*****na, as it's successor the US Drug Enforcement Administration, does to this day.



Over 30 industrialized democracies do distinguish h**p from ma*****na. International treaties regarding ma*****na make an exception for industrial h**p.



Who smokes ma*****na? According to recent statistics provided by the federal government, nearly 77 million Americans admit having smoked ma*****na. Of these, twenty million Americans smoked ma*****na during the past year. Former President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore, former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas and others -- admit they have smoked ma*****na.



H**p was already in the new world when the first European colonist arrived, thought to have been introduced from China by explorers, migrating birds from across the Bering Strait, or possibly drifting shipwrecks.



It is reported that the colonist were not eager to grow h**p, however the European motherland wanted h**p, and cultivation was deemed mandatory. The Puritans at Jamestown grew h**p, as part of their contract with the Virginia Company. Jean Talon at the order of France Quebec colony minister, confiscated all thread the colonist possessed and forced them to buy it back from him with h**p. Talon supplied the seeds to farmers, which had to be reimbursed after h**p crops were harvested. Mandatory cultivation of h**p continued throughout the New World, the General Court in 1637 at Hartford Connecticut, and the Massachusetts courts in 1639 ordered all families to plant one teaspoon of h**p seed. "that we might in time have supply of linen cloth among ourselves." Several colonies passed legal tender laws, h**p was so valued it was used to pay taxes.



Until 1776 many colonies passed laws to encourage farmers to produce h**p, Virginia designed laws to compel farmers, fining those who did not comply. Lobbyist were hired to promote, and education the public about the importance of h**p. Books were published that wanted to establish h**p as America’s trademark product.



Colonies under the crown, were banned from spinning and weaving h**p, this fostered dependence to England, which was demanding raw materials from the colonies as a way to increase its labor forces. The exported fibers, were then bought back as finished products from England. As the market was flooded with h**p, immigrant weavers from Ireland arrived in Massachusetts, setting up shop and passing their skills to the peasantry. What may have seem a small movement, grew into self-sufficiency from the British Crown, to the extent of a boycott of English fabric products. These were some of the conditions which lead into the War of Independence from the British. The American paper industry was born of h**p, linen, and cotton rags which provided writing materials throughout the war, essential for communication.



In 1777, Edward Antil wrote in his introduction of Observations on the Raising and Dressing of H**p, "h**p is one of the most profitable productions the earth furnishes in northern climates; as it employs a great number of poor people in a very advantageous manner, if its manufacture is carried on properly: It ... becomes worthy of the serious attention...of every trading man, who truly loves his country."



In preparation of war, mandatory cultivation laws were passed, and colonist increased their production of h**p, for paper and clothes. Colonist were convinced to take up arms, as they read pamphlets published on h**p paper. Thomas Paine in 1776 encouraged colonist to fight for freedom with Common Sense he writes "in almost every article of defense we abound. H**p flourishes even to rankness, so that we need not want cordage."



The founding fathers of this nation George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were both promoters of h**p, as noted in their farm diaries spoke of their experiences as h**p farmers. Throughout Washington’s farm diary he spoke about the quality of seeds, always taking care to sow seeds in best areas on his farm. He documented the importance’s of cultivating seeds at the proper time taking care to pull the male plants from the females. In 1790’s Washington began cultivating "Indian h**p" which he said produced the best quality of plant, and noted its superior quality to common h**p mostly grown during that time. Both Washington and Jefferson disliked to***co, and on occasion they would exchange gifts of a smoking mixtures, Washington reportedly enjoyed smoking h**p flowers, however there is no hard evidence.



Jefferson, was also a promoter of h**p, and during his tenure as Governor of Virginia he kept reserves of h**p, and in May of 1781 used h**p as currency when money from the government was in short supply.



Jefferson believed h**p to be a superior crop to to***co, which he said exhausted the soil, used to much manure, provided no nourishment for cattle. H**p on the other hand "was of the first necessity to commerce and marine, in other words to the wealth and protection of the country." Around 1815 Jefferson received the first US patent for his h**p breaking machine, which reportedly did the work of ten men.



Kentucky was a large supplier of h**p, primarily because the soil would not sustain a grain crop. In 1792 its legislature levied a tax of twenty dollars per ton on imported h**p, this worked to Kentucky’s advantage and by 1850 domestic h**p crops increased and the amount of imported h**p dramatically decreased.



1998: One in three Americans, approximately 90 million citizens, have now tried it at least once, and some 10-20% (25 to 50 million Americans) still choose to buy and smoke it regularly, despite urine tests and tougher laws.



Richard Nixon ordered the FBI to illegally monitor John Lennon 24-hours a day for six solid months in 1971 because Lennon had given a concert in Michigan to free a student (John Sinclair) from five years in jail for possession of two joints.



Approximately 50% of all drug enforcement money, federal and state, during the last 60 years has been directed toward ma*****na!



Some 70-80% of all persons now in federal and state prisons in America wouldn't have been there as criminals until just 60 or so years ago. In other words we, in our (Anslinger and Hearst inspired) ignorance and prejudice, have placed approximately 800,000 of the 1.2 million people in American prisons (as of August 4, 1998) for crimes that were, at worst, minor habits, up until the Harrison Act, 1914 (whereby the U.S. Supreme Court in 1924 first ruled that drug addicts weren't sick, they were instead vile criminals).



Eighty percent of these government "War on Drugs" victims were not dealing. They have been incarcerated for simple possession. And this does not include the quarter of a million more in county jails.



Remember, just 30 years ago, in 1978, before the "War on Drugs," there were only 300,000 persons in American prisons for all crimes combined.



1890s, some of the most popular American marriage guides recommend cannabis as an aphrodisiac of extraordinary powers no one ever suggested a prohibition law against cannabis. And while there was talk of an alcohol prohibition law, a number of women's temperance organizations even suggested "hasheesh" as a substitute for "demon" alcohol, which they said led to wife beating.



World Fairs and International Expositions from the 1860s through the early 1900s often featured a popular Turkish Hashish Smoking exposition and concession. Hashish smoking was entirely new for Americans; its effects came on much faster. However, smoking hashish was only about one-third as strong or long lasting as orally ingesting the cannabis extract medicines that even American children were regularly prescribed.



Cannabis Sativa is the proper name for both ma*****na and h**p. From 1619 until outlawed as "Ma*****na" in 1937, Cannabis Sativa was the US' largest legal industry.



On October 2, 1937, the US Federal government passed the Ma*****na Tax Act, which put a prohibitive tax on production of the "drug menace." To grow Cannabis Sativa legally, a citizen of the United States would need to purchase a Special Tax Stamp. To obtain the tax stamp, citizens were required to possess Cannabis Sativa when trying to buy the stamp. However, because of the rules of the Ma*****na Tax Act, anyone who possessed ma*****na without the stamp was then arrested as a drug dealer. The Federal government refused to release these Special Tax Stamps, thus ensuring that anyone who grew this ancient crop would be deemed a criminal. This was the beginning of ma*****na prohibition.



The day the Ma*****na Tax Act was passed, federal agents arrested Samuel Caldwell, 58, in Denver, CO, for selling two ma*****na ci******es. Samuel Caldwell became the first American convicted under the new federal law. He was sentenced to four years in Levenworth Penitentiary, and died a year after being released.



Despite the rampant propaganda of the 1930s against "Ma*****na," where newspapers and Federal agencies condemned Cannabis Sativa as "the world's most dangerous narcotic," the US Federal government began issuing the Special Tax Stamps during World War II. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, with imports of coarse fibers cut off by the Japanese, the US Department of Agriculture enacted a plan to ensure a steady supply of the world's strongest natural fiber by legally allowing Americans to grow Cannabis Sativa.



The word `ma*****na' is a Mexican slang term which became popular in the late 1930's in America, during a series of media and government programs which we now refer to as the `Reefer Madness Movement.' It refers specifically to the medicine part of cannabis, which Mexican soldiers used to smoke.



Today in the U.S., h**p (meaning the roots, stalk, and stems of the cannabis plant) is legal to possess. No one can arrest you for wearing a h**p shirt, or using h**p paper. Ma*****na (The flowers, buds, or leaves of the cannabis plant) is not legal to possess, and there are stiff fines and possible jail terms for having any ma*****na in your possession. The seeds are legal to possess and eat, but only if they are sterilized (will not grow to maturity.)



"Cannabis remains by far the most commonly used drug in the world. An estimated 162 million people used cannabis in 2004, equivalent to some 4 per cent of the global population age 15-64. In relative terms, cannabis use is most prevalent in Oceania, followed by North America and Africa. While Asia has the lowest prevalence expressed as part of the population, in absolute terms it is the region that is home to some 52 million cannabis users, more than a third of the estimated total. The next largest markets, in absolute terms, are Africa and North America." Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, "World Drug Report 2006, Volume 1: Analysis" (United Nations: Vienna, Austria, 2006), p. 23



Commissioned by President Nixon in 1972, the National Commission on Ma*****na and Drug Abuse concluded that "Ma*****na's relative potential for harm to the vast majority of individual users and its actual impact on society does not justify a social policy designed to seek out and firmly punish those who use it. This judgment is based on prevalent use patterns, on behavior exhibited by the vast majority of users and on our interpretations of existing medical and scientific data. This position also is consistent with the estimate by law enforcement personnel that the elimination of use is unattainable." Source: Shafer, Raymond P., et al, Ma*****na: A Signal of Misunderstanding, Ch. V, (Washington DC: National Commission on Ma*****na and Drug Abuse, 1972).



The United Kingdom officially downgraded the classification of cannabis from Class B to Class C effective Jan. 29, 2004. The London Guardian reported that "Under the switch, cannabis will be ranked alongside bodybuilding steroids and some anti-depressants. Possession of cannabis will no longer be an arrestable offence in most cases, although police will retain the power to arrest users in certain aggravated situations - such as when the drug is smoked outside schools. The home secretary, David Blunkett, has said the change in the law is necessary to enable police to spend more time tackling class A drugs such as he**in and crack co***ne which cause the most harm and trigger far more crime." Source: Tempest, Matthew, "MPs Vote To Downgrade Cannabis," The Guardian (London, England), Oct. 29, 2003.



Greek historian Herodotus records how tribesmen living near Mongolia throw h**p seeds onto a hot stone. "As it burns, it smokes like incense and the smell of it makes them drunk, just as wine does," he writes of what sounds suspiciously like a pre-Christian Bonnaroo. "As more fruit is thrown on, they get more and more intoxicated until they jump up and start singing and dancing."



Queen Victoria of England was prescribed cannabis for menstrual cramps by her personal physician Sir Russell Reynolds. He wrote in the first issue of The Lancet in 1890 that ‘when pure and administered carefully, cannabis is one of the most useful medicines we possess.’



"State laws should make the public use of ma*****na a criminal offense punishable by a $100 fine. Under federal law, ma*****na smoked in public would merely be subject to seizure." Richard Nixon's National Commission on Ma*****na and Drug Abuse "Ma*****na: A Signal of Misunderstanding" - March 1972



Speculations on the Origin of Human Intelligence: "In defense of the Pygmies, perhaps I should note that a friend of mine who has spent time with them says that for such activities as the patient stalking and hunting of mammals and fish they prepare themselves through ma*****na intoxication, which helps to make the long waits, boring to anyone further evolved than a Komodo dragon, at least moderately tolerable. G***a is, he says, their only cultivated crop. It would be wryly interesting if in human history the cultivation of ma*****na led generally to the invention of agriculture, and thereby to civilization. "Carl Sagan - The Dragons of Eden 1977