English For Daily Use

ANIMALS AND THEIR YOUNG ONES
Antelope – calf
Bear – cub
Beasts of prey – whelp
Beaver – kit
Birds - fledgling, nestling
Cat – kitten
Codfish - codling, sprat

Cow – calf

Deer - fawn, yearling

Dog - pup, puppy

Duck – duckling

Eagle – eaglet

Eel – elver

Elephant – calf

Elephant seal – weaner

Fish – fry

Fowl - chick, chicken

Fox - cub, pup

Frog - polliwog, tadpole

Goat – kid

Goose – gosling

Grouse – cheeper

Guinea fowl – keet

Hawk – eyas

Hare - Leveret

Hen – pullet

Hippo – calf

Horse - foal, yearling, or c**t (male), filly (female)

Kangaroo – joey

Lion – cub

Owl – owlet

Partridge – cheeper

Pig - piglet, shoat, farrow,suckling

Pigeon - Chick, squab, squeaker

Quail – cheeper

Rabbit - bunny, kit

Rat – pup

Rhino – calf

Rooster – cockerel

Salmon - parr, smolt, grilse

Seal – pup

Shark – cub

Sheep - lamb, lambkins

Skunk - Kit

Swan – cygnet

Tiger - cub, whelp

Turkey – poult

Whale – calf

Zebra - c**t or foal

Topic: Conditions
Lesson: Types of Conditions
S/Outcome: To construct conditional sentences correctly.

Introduction:

A Conditional Sentence always has two clauses, the if-clause and the main-clause. The if-clause provides what should happen first and the main-clause provides the possible result should the condition be, or not be fulfilled.

To construct a conditional sentence, you can begin with either of the clauses. If you decide to begin with the if-clause, then always separate the clauses with a comma. However, the comma will not be required if you begin with the main clause.

Example:
If you wake up early, you will catch the bus. You will catch the bus if you wake up early.

TYPES OF CONDITIONS:

(I) Probable (Likely) conditions

This type shows us that there is a higher percentage that something will happen because the Conditions are likely to be fulfilled.
To construct sentences in Probable condition,

If-Clause. Main clause
Present Simple Tense. Future Simple Tense

Examples If it rains, you will get wet. You will get wet if it rains. If Sally is late again, I will be mad. I will be mad if Sally is late again.

(II) Improbable (Unlikely) Conditions

When you first look at this type of sentence, you might think that it is in past tense, but no. That is why it is also used to make sentence in the unreal past tense. This type tells us that there is little possibility that something will happen because the Conditions attached are rather difficult to be fulfilled.

If- clause Main clause
Past Simple Tense. would + verb

Examples If it rained, you would get wet. You would get wet if it rained.
(Meaning, there is little chance that it will rain, but if that chance comes by, then you will surely get wet).
If she fell, she would hurt herself. She would hurt herself if she fell.
(Meaning, there is little chance that she will fall but if it happens that she falls, then she will hurt herself.)

(III) Impossible Conditions

This type shows us that no matter what, nothing will change. The condition has failed to be fulfilled, so it is not possible that the follow up action will take place, the expected result will not be fulfilled.

If-Clause. Main clause

if + Past Perfect, would + have + Past

ENGLISH
Topic: Conditions.
Content: Using 'unless' to mean 'if not'
Outcome: Use 'unless' correctly in conditional sentences.
In my GCE tutorial this morning, the students told me that their teachers told them that when you use 'unless' in a conditional sentence, make sure that there is 'not' somewhere along the sentence. This is not correct.
Let us try the following explanations:
*Analyse the form in which the two clauses (if-clause and main clause) of the initial sentence are written.
(I) If both clauses are in positive form, you provide unless in the if-clause and 'not' in the main clause.
(A) If you study, you will pass the test.
(B) Unless you study, you will not pass the test.

(II) If one clause is in positive and the other in negative, you supply unless to the if-clause and remove the negative part of the sentence.
(A) If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.
(B) Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.

(III) If both clauses are in negative form, you supply Unless to the if-clause and remove the negative part of the same clause but maintain the negative part of the main clause.
(A) If you don't repent, you will not enter heaven.
(B) Unless you repent, you will not enter heaven.

NB:
*Some instructions will require you to interchange the clauses. Take care of that.
*A comma is used to separate the clauses if the sentence has began with the if-clause. However, if the main clause comes first, you will not have to separate the clauses.
* If and unless SHOULD NOT be used in the same sentence. For example:
Unless if you... Please forget about English.


THANK YOU.

Any questions?