Freelancer Mahmuda Rifa

What are design principles?

Design principles are guidelines to follow if you want to create effective visuals, from graphics to eye-catching social media posts.

Think of design as carpentry and these principles as your toolbox. You can use them to help you during the design process, and unlike hammers, nails, and screwdrivers, they can exist entirely inside your head.

This article will take a look at the basic graphic design principles that can help you create a design in a stylistic and customised manner.

1.Balance
This refers to the distribution of the graphic design elements, such as shapes, text boxes and images, of a design evenly throughout a certain layout. Designers can choose between a balanced (stable) design or off-balanced (dynamic) layout. In the context of graphic design, balance is of three types.

Symmetrical – This type of design is formed along a vertical axis and or horizontal axis, where the weight of the elements is evenly divided into both sides of the layout.
Asymmetrical – This type of balance employs scale, contrast and colour to even out the flow of a layout. It is usually found in websites, where two sides of a webpage differ from each other but contain similar elements.
Radial– Here, the elements of a design are placed in a circular pattern on the layout. This provides a sense of movement and dynamism to the eyes of the viewer.

2.Alignment
This fundamental aspect of a design which creates a visual connection between elements such as images, shapes or blocks of texts. Alignment helps develop a sharp and ordered appearance by eliminating any distortion within the layout. It represents the scale of each element by comparing their proportion and focusing on the elements that can have a strong impact on users.

3.Hierarchy
This method combines two aspects, dominance and priority, giving extra weight to certain elements of a design over others. It helps brands convey their message to the audience by focusing on a particular element of the design.

4.Contrast
Contrast is an important principle in any form of visual art as it guides the customer’s attention to the key elements of a design. It is essential for maintaining the distinction between similar elements in a design, thereby enhancing a layout’s overall legibility. Contrast is formed when design elements are placed in opposition on a layout.

5.Emphasis
Emphasis is used to focus the viewer’s attention on a certain part of a composition. The effect is achieved by manipulating elements (like color, shape, and size) to make specific parts of a design stand out.

For example, say you wanted to bring attention to a call to action on a landing page. You could increase the text size and use colors that stand out from the background, emphasizing the CTA and making sure visitors can’t miss it.

6.Repetitation and pattern
Repetition is the act of repeating the same or similar design elements and making them come together as a cohesive whole. This repetition can be done by repeating the same design elements in your design, like colors, fonts, lines, shapes, sizes, and texture, among others.

The pattern is a method of making a repetitive use of the same design elements that are the same in size, or shape, or even color to make a cohesive whole. Because of their distinct repetition and uniformity, these patterns can go on forever.

7.Composition
Composition is a space in which individual elements must become one, where images, text, color and graphics become a single design in which everything is combined. In graphic design, composition is understood as a creative process aimed at ensuring the integrity, interconnectedness and harmonious combination of all elements. In any case, the whole needs an idea to really become a composition.

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