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Should You Switch to Coconut Sugar ???

Reported by the Times of India, this variant of sugar is made from coconut sap from coconut trees. It is extracted by cutting the flower of the oil palm and collecting the liquid sap in a container.

The advantages of coconut sugar betweeen other sweeteners:

1. has a lower glycemic level than other sweeteners, coconut sugar has a glycemic level (GI) of 35 unlike white sugar which has a GI level of 60

2. Purely and organically processed without any chemical additives

3. It contains more nutrients than other sugars such as vitamin C, potassium and magnesium

4. Can be used for diabetic users because it contains insulin which helps the absorption of glucose, of course with the appropriate dose

5. Contains less fructose than other sweeteners, leading to weight gain and less fat accumulation, so good for obese people

But of course coconut sugar also has some weakness, because the taste of coconut sugar is not as sweet as white sugar, so if we want to get a sweet taste in food or drink and we use coconut sugar, it means we have to add a little more coconut sugar.

Of course, if you use too much sugar (any type of sugar), it will have a negative impact on the body.Coconut sugar is actually specifically for people who really want to switch to a healthier lifestyle, especially people with diabetes and obesity

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What's the Difference Between Brown Sugar and Palm Sugar?

Understanding the difference between these two sugars will help you to try new recipes. This is because the addition of these two sugars to food can affect the results of the dish.

Here are the differences between palm sugar and brown sugar that you need to know.

Sugar content
Generally, brown sugar is made from 95 percent sucrose and 5 percent molasses. Sucrose consists of 50 percent fructose and 50 percent glucose.

While palm sugar is made of 70 percent sucrose and the rest is made up of individual molecules of fructose and glucose.So basically these two types of sugar consist of the same molecule, namely sugar.

•Brown sugar

Perhaps one of the biggest differences in brown sugar versus palm sugar is its origin. Brown sugar is white sugar added with molasses in sugar cane juice or also called molasses.

The molasses gives the sugar a brown color, whereas in the production of ordinary white sugar the molasses will be separated from the sugar cane juice. There is about 10 percent of molasses in brown sugar.

•Palm sugar (coconut sugar)

Coconut sugar is made in two stages to produce granulated, block, or liquid sugar.

First, the sap is taken and collected from coconut trees. Then the sap is placed in a large skillet and cooked over medium heat until the water content evaporates.The cooking process causes caramelization to cause the sugar to brown.

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So to fullfill your healthy lifestyle needs, we decided to add processed products from coconut trees

Yes, this is palm sugar
Reported by the Times of India, this variant of sugar is made from coconut sap from coconut trees. It is extracted by cutting the coconut flower and collecting the liquid sap in a container.

This liquid is then heated until most of the water has evaporated. The end result is brown sugar that resembles raw sugar. The differentiating factor is the very small particle size of coconut sugar.

In terms of sugar content, coconut sugar contains 70-75 percent sucrose and 10-20 percent fructose, less than white sugar. Fructose is not easily broken down by the body and is converted into fat in a short time.

In addition to having a low glycemic index, coconut sugar contains insulin which helps slow down the absorption of glucose. It can help people with pre-diabetes but no more than 1-2 teaspoons a day.

In terms of nutrition, coconut sugar provides you with a good dose of antioxidants, iron, calcium, and potassium, which are also nutrients found in regular coconut.

The main benefit of coconut sugar is that it is free from all the artificial processes that white sugar does. Coconut sugar is a completely natural product and is not obtained by any refining process.

Coconut sugar also maintains electrolyte balance in the body because it contains potassium, magnesium, and sodium. Coconut sugar contains 400 times more potassium than white sugar, which helps regulate your body's water levels.

Cooking oil prices have soared in recent times. Many people complain about the role of oil as a basic need. In fact, Indonesia is the world's largest producer of Crude Palm Oil (CPO).

"Indonesia is the largest producer of CPO in the world. So don't be a joke. Many people say that the increase in CPO prices is even more difficult, even though the country is very dependent on the palm oil economy now and in the future," said DPP Chairperson of the Indonesian Palm Oil Farmers Association (Apkasindo) Gulat ME Manurung.

He said the increase in the price of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) at the planter level is often a target that is considered by the general public as the cause of soaring cooking oil prices.

He admitted that the FFB price was increasing by around 42.47% from the initial price in 2021, but since mid-2021 it has been practical, and the increase in FFB prices has not been felt by farmers as expected.

Another factor is also due to the increasingly crazy increase in the price of fertilizers and herbicides up to 160% at the retail level. According to him, this increase has also exceeded the increase in FFB prices, HPP FFB also increased by 56% in the sector.

In addition, Gulat also hopes that the government, namely the Ministry of Cooperatives, will soon pioneer and initiate the Home Cooking Oil Industry which is managed by Small and Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives (UKMK).

According to him, so far the dominant cooking oil factory is on the island of Java, while the distribution is from Sabang to Merauke, of course this will increase the price of cooking oil as well.

Furthermore, according to him, with the existence of cooking oil UKMK which is spread evenly in the community's oil palm plantations, it will be able to reduce production and distribution costs. In addition, he suggested that high quality cooking oil should be managed by large corporations.

"For medium to low cooking oil, SMEs are working on it, in the future it will be a different story, all feel the benefits of palm oil for Indonesia. The technology is not difficult, the hot ball is in the Ministry of Cooperatives. Just one policy, immediately clear the matter of cooking oil this," said Gulat.

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Coconut, a plant with a million benefits, which in every part of the plant has a use value for life. The Ministry of Agriculture (Kementan) notes through the Agricultural Quarantine Agency (Barantan) said that there are at least 13 varieties of coconut-derived commodities that have been selling well in the global market. The worldwide export of processed coconut products has penetrated dozens of destination countries spread across 6 continents, from Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa, North America, to South America.

According to the Indonesian Agricultural Quarantine Agency, almost all parts of coconut have been exported, ranging from coconut meat, coconut water, coconut shell, coconut fiber, to coconut stalks. From the IQFAST system, the facilitation of export certification of processed coconut products was recorded during the pandemic period, namely January-May 2020 has reached 463.5 thousand tons to dozens of countries spread over 6 continents.

Not only Indonesia, there are also 4 other coconut-producing countries in the world, namely the Philippines, India, Brazil and Sri Lanka. But for now, from Barantan's records throughout 2020, India has imported 59.3 thousand tons of processed coconut from Indonesia, Brazil reached 1.2 thousand tons. In other words, Indonesia occupies the number one position of processed coconut in the world.

Where are the distribution of coconut plantations in Indonesia?
According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture in 2017, the area of ​​coconut plantations in Indonesia by island is dominated by Sumatra Island as much as 1.05 million hectares (32.90%) followed by Java Island as much as 781.67 thousand hectares (23.2%) and Sulawesi Island as many as 781.23 thousand hectares (22.49%).

Furthermore, the islands of Papua and Maluku, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, and Kalimantan each have a coconut plantation area of ​​376.64 thousand hectares (10.9%), 273.09 thousand hectares (7.86%), and 203.94 thousand hectares (5.87%).

Seeing the wide distribution of coconut plantations, it means that Indonesia has great potential in the export sector. Bearing in mind, the coconut plant is also one of the plantation commodities that generate foreign exchange, a source of local revenue (PAD), as well as a source of income for plantation farmers and the community. The best option is to make Indonesia a developing country for coconut commodities in the world.

As an archipelagic country located in the tropics, the existence of coconuts has become a part of people's lives, especially those in coastal areas.
Nias, North Sumatra is no exception, which has coconut as one of the main commodities with various derivative products such as copra.

According to the Regional Coordinator of Central Tapanuli and Nias Islands PESADA (Perkumpulan Sadamo) Berliana Purba, the utilization of coconuts in Nias has not been carried out optimally. So far, coconuts in Nias are only sold whole without processing or being made into copra.

In fact, coconut derivative products are one of the good potentials for developing cottage industries, especially for women in villages. The VCO election to increase women's capacity in Nias is supported without reason. Coconut has become an inseparable part of the lives of the women there.

Such as on Hinako Island, Sirombu District in West Nias Regency. The women in the area, which can be reached from Nias Island by speedboat in one hour, have a habit of making coconut oil in their daily life.

The coconut oil they make is for household purposes such as cooking. How to make oil was passed down from mother to daughter from generation to generation. Seeing the potential in Nias coupled with the presence of coconut on it with women, PESADA then provided assistance in the form of discussions and several villages in Nias. continue to advocate so that the VCO products of the accompanying women's groups get permits for home industry products (PIRT).

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The government will reopen the ban on coal exports starting Wednesday (12/1)tomorrow. The information was conveyed by the Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment Luhut Panjaitan on Monday (10/1).

However, Luhut said the export would not be fully opened, but gradually. He added that the decision was taken because the current demand for coal for the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) owned by the State Electricity Company or PLN has gradually improved.
He said the supply of coal reserves for the PLTU is sufficient for 15 days and is heading to 25 days.

Director General of Mineral and Coal at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Ridwan Djamaluddin, said that the threat of a crisis occurred due to the low realization of the domestic market obligation (DMO) of coal entrepreneurs.

He added that the realization caused PLN's power plants to experience a coal supply deficit at the end of last year. According to him, the safe supply of coal at the PLTU PLN is more than 20 days of operation.

"From the 5.1 million metric tons (MT) assigned by the Government, until January 1, 2022, only 35 thousand MT or less than 1 percent has been fulfilled. This amount cannot meet the needs of each existing PLTU. If steps are not taken immediately strategically, there will be widespread blackouts," said Ridwan as quoted from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources website, Saturday (1/1).

The Indonesian government prohibits coal exports for the period January 1 to January 31, 2022.
This policy received protests from three countries that still import coal from Indonesia. Where, the three countries asked the Indonesian government to lift the ban on coal exports.

The first country to protest was Japan. Japanese Ambassador to Indonesia Kanasugi Kenji asked the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources to lift this export ban. This is because several power plants and Japanese manufacturers still rely on coal supplies from Indonesia of around 2 million tons per month.

"The sudden export ban has a serious impact on Japan's economic activities and our daily lives. We need sufficient electricity in winter. Therefore, I request that this ban be lifted for Japan," he said in an official document, quoted.

The second country, namely South Korea. The Minister of Trade of South Korea, Yeo Han-koo conveyed directly to the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Muhammad Lutfi regarding this policy.

"Trade Minister Yeo conveyed the government's concern over the ban on Indonesian coal exports and strongly requested the cooperation of the Indonesian government to restart new shipments of coal," the South Korean government said in a statement quoted by Yonhap News Agency.

The third country of the Philippines. After Japan and South Korea (South Korea), the Philippines is now urging Indonesia to lift the ban on coal exports.
Philippine Energy Minister Alfonso Cusi said the export ban policy would hurt an economy that relies heavily on fuel for electricity generation. This was stated by the Manila Energy Department, Monday, Jakarta (10/1/2021).

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CPO Prices are Predicted to Continue to Increases until March 2022

The increase in the price of crude palm oil (CPO) in the international market continues. The Ministry of Trade (Kemendag) reports that the price of CPO is currently around USD 1,305 per tonne, up 27.7 percent from early 2021.

Rising CPO prices also affected the price of bulk and packaged cooking oil that was traded.
The Director General of Domestic Trade at the Ministry of Trade, Oke Nurwan, predicts that CPO prices could even continue to increase until the end of the first quarter of 2022, or March 2022.

"I make sure that until the end of the first quarter of 2022 there will still be (CPO price increases). The trend is still that way, so that (price increases) may still occur," explained Oke in a teleconference session, Friday (12/10/2021).

Due to the fluctuating price of CPO, Oke said, the government still needed a review to determine the reference price for bulk and packaged cooking oil.

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Red and White Catalyst, an innovation of catalyst experts in Indonesia

Catalysts are made from compounds of mineral substances which are molded in various shapes and colors in the form of very hard grains resembling rice, pellets, or spheres such as pearls. Its function is to direct and accelerate the reaction of processed raw materials in the industry until they reach a balance into stable compounds.

With a catalyst, the reaction of process materials can be more efficient in terms of time, raw materials, and energy, as well as being environmentally friendly.

In the world, the need for catalysts is around '21 billion US dollars (Rp 294 trillion). The economic value generated from its processed products is 11 trillion-15 trillion US dollars or Rp 210,000 trillion (Rp 210 quadrillion). The use of catalysts in Indonesia is around 500 million US dollars (Rp 7 trillion). Unfortunately, to meet the need for catalysts, almost 100 percent of the industry relies on imported products.

The effort to reduce dependence on imported catalysts was initiated by Subagjo, a catalyst expert from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology since 1983. In 2004, Subagjo and his colleagues, Makertihartha and Melia Laniwati, discovered a catalyst formula called PK100 HS, for hydrotriting (hydrotreating) naphtha (NHT). The small scale trial at the Pertamina Research and Technology Center using 100 grams of catalyst showed better results than commercial catalysts. From here the catalyst was dubbed the first ""red and white" catalyst.

The red and white catalyst material comes from sulfide based mineral rocks of nickel, cobalt, molybdenum with alumina support. "The catalyst produced must be able to process only fossil oil and or vegetable oil," he said.

Furthermore, trials were conducted on a commercial industrial scale at Pertamina's Dumai refinery in 2012. The results were better than the imported products used in this refinery. This success became the basis for the use of this red and white catalyst in other refineries owned by Pertamina for the manufacture of naphtha, kerosene and diesel oil.

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The government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) is committed to realizing the use of environmentally friendly fuel oil (BBM). A number of steps have been taken to increase the use of environmentally friendly fuel which has a major impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supporting public health.

The Director of Oil and Gas Engineering and Environment at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Mustafid Gunawan said the government's commitment to realizing environmentally friendly fuel was progressing. Among other things, the development of PT Pertamina (Persero) refineries in Plaju and Cilacap which are in the research stage to produce green gasoline, namely gasoline produced from a mixture of crude oil (85%) and palm oil (15%) as raw materials.

In addition, Pertamina is also testing to make 100% Green Diesel without fossil fuels. This fuel uses palm oil as raw material with specifications equivalent to diesel fuel sourced from fossils, even with better quality, namely a higher cetane number and much lower sulfur. Furthermore, there is a mandatory program for blending 30% biodiesel (FAME) into diesel fuel which has been started since January 2020.
"This program is a continuation of the B20 program that has been implemented previously in order to save foreign exchange, empower domestic oil palm farmers, and reduce the use of diesel fuel that comes from fossils," said Mustafid in a press release on the website of the Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Friday (11/12).

Another progress is the potential use of B40 in 2021 as directed by President Joko Widodo. Currently, the B40 program is still in the research and study stage, from technical, environmental, and economic aspects.

Finally, there is a program of blending 2% bioethanol into gasoline type fuel in order to increase the use of new and renewable energy (EBT). However, currently the program is still facing several obstacles, especially from the economic aspect.
"We really appreciate and invite people who have the ability to switch to using more environmentally friendly fuel for their vehicles," said Mustafid.

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Benefits of Lauric Acid in Coconut Oil
The content of lauric acid in coconut oil has many health benefits. About 90% of coconut oil consists of saturated fat, saturated fat that the body can accept well. Lauric acid is the main contributor accounting for more than forty percent, followed by capric acid, caprylic acid, myristic acid, and palmitic.
The human body converts lauric acid from coconut oil into monolaurin, which is thought to help fight viruses and bacteria that cause diseases such as herpes, influenza, cytomegalovirus, and even HIV. Coconut oil also helps the body fight harmful bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Helicobacter pylori, and harmful protozoa such as Giardia lamblia.
Lauric acid which has an antibacterial effect is capable and effective against acne – a skin problem that often occurs due to the large population of Propionibacterium acne bacteria. In addition, coconut oil also has advantages such as Relieve Stress, Healthy Digestion, Increase Fitness, Easily Absorb and Increase Energy to be used for hair care.
Using coconut oil as a cooking ingredient every day will certainly get many benefits for the body when compared to other types of oil. Besides being easily absorbed by the body to be used as energy, coconut oil also does not cause a pile of fat in the stomach so it is safer for long-term consumption. Currently, the type of coconut oil that can be used for cooking and frying is RBD coconut oil or commonly called RBD Coconut Oil.

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Potential of Palm Plants as a Renewable Energy Source

Dependence on non-renewable energy can be dangerous. Therefore, efforts should be made to maximize the potential of alternative energy sources to replace fossil energy.

Alternative energy sources that are quite a lot owned by Indonesia, among others, come from palm oil. Oil palm plantations and the processing of crude palm oil (CPO) always leave biomass which is often also referred to as palm oil industry waste. The existence of this biomass is often a problem if it is thrown away or left alone. In fact, palm biomass can bring benefits for various purposes, such as being converted into environmentally friendly fuel, including fuel for power generation.

Palm oil by-products are widely known as a good raw material for fuel in power plants. Many countries in the world are starting to switch to palm biomass because it is an environmentally friendly and renewable source of fuel.

There is a wide variety of oil palm biomass, including empty fruit bunches, fruit fibres, shells, tree trunks, midribs and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Of all the existing oil palm biomass, as much as 70% is palm tree midrib, while empty fruit bunches reach 10% and oil palm trunks reach 5%.

As much as 89% of the total biomass produced is generally used as fuel, mulch, and fertilizer. Biomass can also be converted into bio-coal as a substitute for coal. The use of bio pellets or bio coal as fuel for power plants is more environmentally friendly because it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Biomass-fueled power plants can also be integrated with palm oil processing factories so that they are always available as a renewable energy source. Its existence at the same time also brings great benefits to society.

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Reporting from Bloomberg (4/11/2021), the Global Carbon Project research group presented the results of its research at the COP26 Summit in Glasgow, showing that global carbon dioxide or CO2 pollution has again increased to pre-pandemic levels this year.

The study shows that fossil fuel emissions will increase this year by 4.9 percent above the level in 2020 which reached 36.4 gigatons CO, or close to the level in 2019. Last year, emission output fell by 5.4 percent after the existence of restrictions on economic activities and quarantine rules in various parts of the world.

Countries must reduce their emissions annually by an amount greater than the carbon pollution emitted by Germany and Saudi Arabia in order to achieve the 2050 goal of the Paris Agreement.
Meanwhile, China is the world's biggest polluter, producing nearly a third of carbon dioxide emissions. China's economic recovery efforts have forced its coal-fired power plants to overwork.

Thus, nationally generated emissions will increase by 5.5 percent from 2019 to 11 gigatons. India's emissions, which is the third-largest emitter of pollutants, were found to have increased by 4.4 percent compared to 2019. According to the study, world coal use peaked in 2014 and is declining. However, this year the challenges have increased again. "The coal spike this time was quite surprising. We thought China had peaked, but now it's peaking again," said Glen Peters, research director at the International Center for Climate Research in Oslo and a member of the Global Carbon Project.

In the previous decade, CO2 emissions fell in 23 countries which accounted for a quarter of the world's total emissions. This group includes the US, which is the second largest and largest annual polluter in history, followed by Japan, Mexico and 14 European countries.

Energy use from renewable sources grew by more than 10 percent this year, on par with current averages, despite a temporary decline. The data adds urgency to the climate rescue mission as the meeting in Glasgow sees countries struggle to deliver on promises made in the 2015 Paris Agreement.

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Energy Crisis Is Hitting
The energy crisis that is happening in Europe has resulted in many electricity and gas utility companies going bankrupt and forced to close. In the UK, especially, people are also seen queuing at the refueling station. This phenomenon shows us that even countries with strong economies are still sufficient. vulnerable to the issue of the energy crisis.
William Derbyshire, Director of Economic Consulting Associates (ECA) UK on this occasion gave an explanation regarding the fact that the primary energy mix in the UK depends on natural gas as much as 42%. Furthermore, William also showed data that illustrates that since 2017, the price of natural gas has gradually increased until 2021, which has resulted in the selling price of electricity also rising.
"If high fossil fuel prices are the problem, then the answer is reducing dependence on coal and gas, not adding more fossil fuels," William said. Based on this conclusion, renewable energy is a good solution to reduce dependence on fossil energy.
In Indonesia itself, the Government has long anticipated an energy crisis similar to what happened in Europe, China, and India. "Indonesia itself does not need to worry about energy crises that occur in Europe, China, Britain, India, because Indonesia has the advantage of better planning the energy transition to decarbonization earlier," said Fabby Tumiwa, Executive Director of IESR.
Palm oil is the most readily available renewable energy source and has a number of advantages as a partial replacement for fossil energy in the future. Indonesia currently has around 11 million hectares of oil palm plantations in 190 districts. This makes Indonesia optimistic and ready to face the upcoming energy crisis.

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The reason for using Coconut Fat Acid Distillate for making soap and cosmetic products

The main reasons why Fatty Acid is used more than petrochemicals to produce these products, namely: Fatty Acid is produced from renewable sources while the raw materials for petrochemicals are taken from non-renewable sources, this will certainly be more environmentally friendly and safer.

Making Fatty Acid using the distillation process. The separation is based on the boiling point of each carbon chain. The short carbon chains will separate first than the long carbon chains. Distillation can remove unwanted colors and odors.

The composition of the product depends on the raw materials used. Like coconut oil, it contains a lot of C8 (Caprylic Acid) and C10 (Capric Acid). Hydrocarbons with short chains when reacted with mono and polyhydric alcohols then form esters.

This ester is used as a synthetic lubricating oil. For fatty acids that contain a lot of myristic acid and palmitic acid when reacted with isopropyl alcohol then form esters. This ester is used as an ingredient in cosmetics and body care products.

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The government's efforts to process used cooking oil into bio-diesel

Extensive and prolonged exploitation causes petroleum reserves to dwindle and the price increases sharply from year to year. Among various refined petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, and avtur. Solar is the fuel that is classified as the most widely used because most transportation equipment, agricultural equipment, electric generators and other heavy equipment use diesel as an energy source.

Conversion of cheap palm oil such as CPO and used cooking oil into biodiesel is needed so that palm oil can be used as fuel.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, carbon monoxide gas emissions from biodiesel are 50% lower than emissions from diesel. Thus, the greenhouse effect is also reduced. In addition, biodiesel from used cooking oil can reduce waste from used cooking oil itself.

The results of research by researchers from 2005 to the present also show that biodiesel produced from used palm oil (cooking) has almost as good quality as the standard biodiesel required by ASTM (American Standard Testing Material) so that biodiesel which is the result of conversion of palm oil Used fried foods have the opportunity to be marketed both domestically and for export. The main obstacle faced for the purposes of mass production is the supply and price of used cooking oil which may fluctuate from time to time.

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