Sharanya - by Pushpak Ventures

Solar Photovoltaic In India

India has launched various programs to promote solar power generation across the country - the Solar Park Program, the VGF Program, the CPSU Program, the Defense Program, the Canal Bank and Canal Top Program, the Bundling Program, and the Grid Connected Solar Rooftop Program. At the end of 2019, the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) issued a landmark Call for Interested in Development proposals for the development of 12 GW of solar power generation capacity to tie contracts for 3 GW domestic module production capacity to boost domestic production and link it to the largest solar tender ever. In April 2021, the government approved the Production Linking Incentive (PLI) program for the PV manufacturing sector which was provided by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) INR 4,500 crore ($603 million) for investment in high-efficiency solar panels.

To reduce the risk of supply chain disruptions in the solar sector, India's minister of energy and new renewable energy (MNRE) Raj Kumar Singh has called for increased photovoltaic production capacity in China. Over the years, the solar energy sector in India has become a major player in the field of grid-connected power generation capacity. To boost India's renewable energy ambitions, the Indian government has created an ecosystem to support the production and storage of solar products, enabling faster integration of renewables into the grid.

Large-scale adoption of renewable energy, including a serious increase in solar power, is crucial to India's energy transition goals. Over the past year, Central and State governments have taken steps to support the domestic clean-energy sector, enabling low-carbon energy resources to see sustained growth and claim a larger share of India's low-carbon energy system. Renewables have established themselves as the preferred technology for new generation capacity in India and India's recent status as a low-cost solar power producer reflects the ongoing shift toward renewables as the driving force of the global energy transition.

Rooftop Photovoltaics (RTS) will play a crucial role in achieving India's ambitious renewable energy targets by 2022. Thanks to political support, economic interests, and positive public opinion, large-scale solar projects are now seen as a silver bullet for India's energy needs and carbon dioxide reductions. However, progress in residential, commercial, and industrial applications is slow compared to solar and onshore wind power on a utility-scale.

In 2020, India installed a rooftop solar capacity of 7,920 MW, with 75% of installations in commercial and industrial segments. According to Bridge to India, India is on track to add an additional 4,580 MW of solar power in the second half of 2021, which will lead to an increase in construction in the second quarter. From 11 megawatts of solar capacity in 2010, India installed 3.51 gigawatts of solar power in June 2020, more than 3,000 times its solar capacity in less than a decade.

This development is even more important given that India runs the world's largest clean energy program to reach 175 Gigawatts (GW) of renewable capacity by 2022, including 100 GW solar power.

According to the Central Electricity Authority of India, solar power will constitute 280 GW of the 817 GW of India's electricity demand by 2030. India currently has 95 GW of installed renewable electricity, of which 40.5 GW comes from solar power distributed throughout the country.

As of June 30, India had a total installed solar capacity of 46,130 MW, said Bridge India in its latest Solar Compass report. The country's installed solar capacity was 36.9 GW as of 30 November 2020. By May 2021, India will have installed 95.6 GW of renewable energy capacity installed, of which almost half (41 GW) is solar.

Investment in India in large solar power plants in 2019 decreased by 8% compared to 2018, while investment in renewable energy had declined by 14% in total.

According to the Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Kerala is the middle of the 28 states in India in terms of solar capacity installed. The project Soura Sun aims to install solar panels on 75,000 households and feed 350 megawatts of electricity into the national grid. According to a new report of the Institute of Energy, Economic, and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) and JMK Research, India will add 1.875 megawatts of new rooftop solar capacity in commercial and industrial segments by 2021, an increase of 47% over the previous year.

India is facing a solar energy revolution that could make it the nation's leading source of electricity, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). Solar power now accounts for about 4% of India's electricity supply and is expected to grow 18-fold by at least 2040 to become the new king of the country's power generation fleet. Greenpeace has recommended that India, because of its identity as a densely populated country in the tropical belt and the subcontinent as an ideal combination of high solar radiation and a large potential consumer base, pursue a policy of developing solar energy as a predominant component of its renewable energy mix.
The mission aims to install 100% grid-connected solar power plants by 2022. This is in line with India's intended and determined contributions to the INDC target of generating 40% of cumulative installed electricity capacity from non-fossil energy resources by 2030 and reducing India's emissions intensity by 33-35% from 2005 levels. The report notes that renewable energy generation must go hand in hand with a transformation of the energy system to take account of the increase in solar power generation due to fluctuating and variable solar irradiation. In this scenario, the nation will add electricity capacity the size of the EU to the next two decades with solar and wind making up more than three-quarters of the 900 GW of renewable capacity, the report said.

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