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UPSC Indian Forest Service (Main) Examination, 2022
Subject: Chemical Engineering

Q7. a) Advantages of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Why is CO2 frequently a desirable solvent for SFE?

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a technique that uses a supercritical fluid as a solvent to extract compounds from a solid or liquid sample. One of the main advantages of SFE is that it can be used to extract a wide range of compounds with high efficiency and selectivity, and it is considered a green technology as it does not use any toxic solvents.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is frequently used as a solvent in SFE because it has several desirable properties that make it well-suited for this purpose. These include:

Non-toxicity: CO2 is a non-toxic and non-flammable solvent, making it safe to use and handle.

Low critical temperature and pressure: CO2 has a low critical temperature and pressure, meaning that it can be easily converted into a supercritical fluid by heating and pressurizing it.

High solvating power: CO2 has a high solvating power for certain compounds, making it an effective solvent for extracting a wide range of compounds.

Selectivity: CO2 is a highly selective solvent, meaning that it can be used to selectively extract certain compounds from a sample while leaving others behind.

Environmentally friendly: CO2 is a naturally occurring gas and can be recycled and reused after extraction.

In summary, SFE is a highly efficient and selective method for extracting a wide range of compounds, CO2 is frequently a desirable solvent in SFE due to its low critical temperature, high solvating power, selectivity, environmentally friendly, and non-toxicity.

na ham-safar na kisī ham-nashīñ se niklegā

hamāre paañv kā kāñTā hamīñ se niklegā

guzishta saal ke zaḳhmo hare-bhare rahnā

julūs ab ke baras bhī yahīñ se niklegā
~Rahat Indori

न हम-सफ़र न किसी हम-नशीं से निकलेगा

हमारे पाँव का काँटा हमीं से निकलेगा

गुज़िश्ता साल के ज़ख़्मो हरे-भरे रहना

जुलूस अब के बरस भी यहीं से निकलेगा
~राहत इंदौरी

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