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Race car sign seen in agenisis of corpus collosum

MOUNT FUJI sign
It is a typical CT finding of Tension Pneumocephalus, resembling the silhouette of a volcano. {Mount Fuji (see second photo) is a volcano in Japan,also Japan's highest mountain}

General medicine SRMC

AIMS examination is for-
A. Parkinson's disease
B. Tardive dyskinesia
C. Tourette syndrome
D. Huntington's disease

Aiims 2015 explanation (Part 1)
Q 1. What is the most common method of committing su***de in India
Hanging
Poisoning
Drowning
Fire arms
Ans a. Hanging.
According to NCRB (National Crime Record Bureau, in 2014, the su***de rate in India was 10.6/lac of population. The highest no. of su***de were reported from Maharashtra. Hanging was the most common means of committing su***de, followed by consumption of Poisons (including insecticides)
Q 2. A patient of Bipolar Disorder, presents to the psychiatry OPD. His family members give the history that patient has not be taking the medications regularly. What is the best approach
Increase the dose of medications
Give a combination of drugs
Surreptious administartion (Give medications without telling him)
Psyhoeducation of patient
Ans. d Psyhoeducation of patient
`
Psychoeducation of patient and his family members is an effective approach in patients with poor compliance (i.e. in patients who are not taking medications regularly) Psyhoeducation involves imparting information about the illness and also adjusting the lifestyle to cope with bipolar disorder. The five components of psyhoeducation include
Increasing awareness about illness
Increasing the adherence to treatment
Detecting early warning signs (the signs which are seen at the beginning of episodes, quick identification can help in controlling the episodes)
Avoidance of substances/illegal drugs
Regular lifestyle maintenance
Q 3. Which of the following medications are not used in the management of alcohol dependence
Lorazepam
Flumazenil
Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Ans b. Flumazenil
Flumazenil is a GABA receptor antagonist and is used in benzodiazepine overdosage. Lorazepam and other benzodiazepines are used in the “detoxification” phase of treatment and Naltrexone and Acamprosate are used in the “relapse prevention” phase of treatment of Alcohol Dependence
Q 4 . All of the following are the symptoms of cognitive triad seen in depression except.
Ideas of Hopelessness
Ideas of Helplessness
Ideas of Worthlessness
Ideas of Guilt
Ans d. Ideas of Guilt
According to Cognitive theory of Depression (proposed by Aaron Beck) , negative thoughts play a central role in development of Depression. A cluster of three negative thoughts known as Cognitive Triad has been described in Depression. These are
Negative thoughts about self (or Ideas of Worthlessness)
Negative thoughts about environment (Ideas of Helplessness)
Negative thoughts about future (Ideas of Hopelessness)
The ideas of guilt although present in depression, do not form a part of cognitive triad.
Q 5. Which of the following is the gender specific adverse effect of Valproate
Hair Loss
Tremors
Ataxia
PCOD
Ans. d PCOD
Polycystic ovarian disease is a side effect of Valproate therapy. It manifests with menstural irregularities and hirsutism. It is especially seen in adolescent and young women. Its a gender specific adverse effect of Valproate.

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Hiii...gud evng to n all...!!!
Dots & Spots in Ophthalmology
• Leopard spots: in FFA, resulting from patchy subretinal infiltrates in a patient with reticulum cell sarcoma.
• Histo spot: Punched-out chorioretinal scars in Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS)
• Cotton-Wool Spots: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of cotton-wool spots. Cotton-wool spots have been associated with numerous other abnormalities, such as systemic arterial hypertension, collagen vascular diseases, cardiac valvular disease, carotid artery obstructive disease, coagulopathies, metastatic carcinoma, trauma, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
• Bitot’s spot=White, foamy area of keratinising squamous metaplasia of bulbar conjunctiva,seen in vitamin A deficiency.
• Brushfield spot=Whitish grey spot in peripheral iris,seen in Down’s syndrome.
• Elschnig spot=Yellow patches overlying area of choroidal infarction in hypertension.
• Fischer-Khunt spot= Senile scleral paque,area of hyalinised sclera anterior horizontal re**us muscle insertion. Seen in old age.
• Foster Fuch’s spot=Pigmented (RPE hyperplasia) macular leisons in pathological myopia.
• Gunn’s dot=light reflectios from internal limiting membrane around disc and macula
• Horner-Trantras Dot= Collections of eosinophils at limbus in vernal conjunctivitis.
• Kayes’ dot (Krachmer’s spot)= subepithelial infiltrates seen in corneal graft rejection
• Mittendorf’s dot= whitish spot at posterior lens surface,remnant of hyaloid artery.
• Roth spots= haemorrhageswith white centres,seen in SABE, severe anaemia,collagen vascular disorders.
• Cherry red spot: Central retinal artery occlusion, Commotio retinae (Berlin’s oedema),Tay-Sachs’ disease, Niemann-Pick’s disease, Gaucher’s disease
• Cream-colored spots: The classic diagnostic feature of bird-shot vitiliginous chorioretinitis is cream-colored spots, often as large as 0.5 to 1 disc diameter, that are scattered throughout the fundus.
• Koplik’s spots: on conjunctiva in measles

FRUITS INSPIRED SIGNS.
---------------------------
1. Apple core sign - colon ( colorectal carcinoma).
2. Apple peel appearence - intestinal atresia.
3. Apple core sign - femur. (synovial chondramatosis).
4 .Apple jelly appearence - lupus vulgaris.
5. Banana sign-chiarri malformation.
6. Banana #- paget disease.
7. Berry aneurysms - saccular aneurysm of cerebral artery.
8. Berry ligament- lateral thyrohyoid ligament.
9. Blueberrymuffin baby - congential CMV. INFECTION,toxop
lasmosis,rubella
10.Bunch of grapes sign- hydatiform mole.
11. Pear shaped bladder-pelvic haematoma, bilateral lymphocoele.
12. Strawberry skull- Edward syndrome.
13. Strawberry gall bladder-diffuse cholesterolosis in the mucosa of GB.
14. Strawberry nevus - capillary haemanigoma.
15. Strawberry tongue -Kawasaki disease.
16. Strawberry cervix-Trichomonas vaginalis.
17. Cherry red spot - cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome.
18. Cherry angioma - senile haemanigoma.
19. Mulberry calculus- urinary calculus.
20. Mulberry spot- abdmonial eruption in typhus fever.
21.Mulberry molar - congenital syphilis.
22.Mulberry hypertrophy - Rhinitis medicamentosa.
23.Peau d' orange appearence - Breast carcinoma

500 MOST COMMONs...
1. Most common aortic branch involved in
Takayasu arteritis : Left subclavian
2. Most common cause of respiratory
distress in newborn : Transient tachypnea of
the newborn
3. Most common location to see Asbestosis
sequale : Posterior lower lobes.
4. Most common karyotype / chromosomal
abnormality in USA : Down’s syndrome
5. Most common osseous lymphoma,
primary and secondary : Diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma
6. Most common primary malignant orbital
tumor in childhood : Rhabdomyosarcoma
7. Most common type of fluid collection in
sc***um : Hydrocele
8. Most common type of liposarcoma to
affect children : Myxoid liposarcoma
9. Most common abdominal emergency of
early childhood : Intussusception.
10. Most common acetabular fracture :
Posterior acetabulum.
11. Most common affected bowel segment in
TB : Ileocecal area.
12. Most common affected joint in gout :
First MTP.
13. Most common AIDS-related neoplasm :
Kaposi Sarcoma
14. Most common allergic aspergillosis
syndrome : Allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis.
15. Most common anatomic variant of
pancreas : Pancreas divisum
16. Most common anomalous course of RCA :
Interarterial
17. Most common appearance of Legionella
at the peak of the disease : Bilateral airspace
consolidation.
18. Most common assoc. w/ Fx of great toe
distal phalanx with physeal
involvement :Osteomyelitis.
19. Most common associated anomaly with
coarctation : Bicuspid valve.
20. Most common association of PAPVR :
Sinus venosus type ASD.
21. Most common association with small left
colon syndrome : Maternal DM
22. Most common bacterial cause of
mesenteric adenitis : Yersinia enterocolitica.
23. Most common benign cardiac rhythm
abnormality : PAC
24. Most common benign cartilage-conta
ining tumor : Osteochondroma
25. Most common benign growth of the
skeleton : Osteochondroma
26. Most common benign hepatic lesion :
Hemangioma
27. Most common benign hepatic tumor
during fist 6 mo. of life : Infantile
Hemangioendothelioma
28. Most common benign intraconal tumor
of the orbit in adults : Cavernous
hemangiomas.
29. Most common benign masses caused by
asbestos exposure : Atelectatic Asbestos
Pseudotumor
30. Most common benign mesenchymal
tumor of kidney : AML
31. Most common benign mucosal tumor of
the esophagus : Papilloma
32. Most common benign nasopharyngeal
tumor : Juvenile angiofibroma.
33. Most common benign orbital tumor in
childhood : Dermoid Cyst of Orbit
34. Most common benign ovarian neoplasm
in young and middle-aged women (