Mkulima Eldoret Farm

Pomegranate can tolerate a wide range of soil types and is a salt-hardy fruit tree that thrives well on comparatively poor soils. They prefer well-drained soil; deep black soil with its high moisture holding capacity and poor drainage is not recommended for it encourages only vegetative growth rather than fruiting.

Pomegranate trees require hot and a dry climate during the period of fruit development in order for good ripening and development of fruit to its optimal size. For optimal growth and production, pomegranate requires six hours of direct sunlight in a day.

Its production is high and the fruit will have no problem in the market, unlike other crops which are difficult to store. Pomegranate trees can produce good yields if they are given adequate care and attention. Therefore, there is a need to integrate pomegranate into farming systems among small-scale farmers to ensure food security and economic well-being for the people of Kenya.

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Fruit Flies in Hass Avocado Farming

Fruit flies are a common pest for Hass avocados in Kenya and other avocado-growing regions, where they pose a significant threat to the quality and yield of the crop. Female fruit flies lay their eggs in the fruit skin, and when the larvae hatch, they burrow into the flesh, causing the fruit to rot from the inside. This not only reduces the marketability of the fruit but also risks spreading infestations across nearby crops, as the infested fruit attracts more flies.

Controlling fruit fly infestations in Hass avocado trees requires an integrated approach. Common methods include the use of pheromone traps that attract and trap adult flies, thus reducing the population before they can lay eggs. In addition, farmers often use insecticidal sprays, especially during peak fruiting periods, to protect the avocados. Covering young fruit with protective bags can also be effective in smaller orchards.

Biological control measures, such as introducing natural predators or using parasitoid wasps that target fruit flies, have also shown promise. Another organic method involves using homemade traps with a mixture of fruit juice and vinegar, which attracts and kills adult flies. Proper sanitation practices, like removing and disposing of fallen and infested fruits, also help break the life cycle of fruit flies, preventing future generations from developing. By combining these practices, farmers can help safeguard their Hass avocado crops from this persistent pest.

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Popular Orange Varieties Cultivated in Kenya

Kenya’s climate supports the cultivation of various orange varieties, each offering unique flavors and uses. Here are some of the popular types grown in the country:

1. Washington Navel Orange
Known for being sweet and seedless, Washington Navel oranges are a popular choice in Kenya. Their thick, easy-to-peel skin and juicy flesh make them ideal for fresh eating. These oranges are mainly grown in regions like Makueni and Embu, with a peak season from June to August.

2. Valencia Orange
Renowned for its juiciness and sweetness, the Valencia orange is widely used for juicing. It has a thin, smooth skin and a few seeds, producing high-quality juice with a balanced flavor. This variety thrives in Kenya’s coastal and warmer regions and is typically harvested from November to March.

3. Pixie Orange
Smaller in size, Pixie oranges are known for their vibrant color, easy-to-peel skin, and seedless nature. They have a sweet and mild flavor, making them great for both fresh consumption and salads. Pixies are generally grown in high-altitude regions, as they prefer cooler climates, and are harvested between July and September.

4. Minneola Orange
Minneola oranges, a cross between a tangerine and a grapefruit, are known for their distinctive, bell-like shape and deep orange-red color. They have a tangy, mildly sweet flavor and are easy to peel, making them a favorite for fresh eating and juicing. Minneolas are mainly grown in areas like Thika and have a harvest season from August to October.

5. Blood Orange
Blood oranges stand out with their red or maroon-colored flesh and unique berry-like flavor. These oranges are cultivated in Kenya’s cooler, high-altitude areas, such as Limuru, and are harvested from July to October. Their vibrant color and high antioxidant content make them popular in gourmet dishes and specialty juices.

Each of these orange varieties contributes to the rich citrus market in Kenya, offering diverse options for fresh eating, juicing, and culinary uses, meeting both local and export demands.

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In Kenya, the Apple Mango is a beloved and widely cultivated variety, recognized for its unique taste, high quality, and export value. This mango variety has since become a staple in many regions, especially in areas like Makueni, Kitui, and Embu, where the climate is ideal for mango cultivation.

The Apple Mango’s popularity stems from its sweet, tangy flavor, smooth, fiberless flesh, and attractive red-yellow skin, which appeals to both local consumers and international markets.

The mango season in Kenya typically peaks between November and April, with Apple Mangos being a major contributor to the mango market during these months. These mangos are harvested at the perfect ripeness for both local sales and export, primarily to the Middle East and Europe, where Kenyan Apple Mangos are prized for their unique flavor.

Apple mango seedlings are available at Kes 150 each.
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Caring for a plum tree involves regular pruning to encourage airflow, reduce disease risks, and support healthy fruiting. While they are generally resilient, plum trees can be vulnerable to pests like aphids and diseases such as brown rot, so consistent monitoring is essential.

They prefer full sunlight and well-drained soil to thrive and produce high-quality fruit. With proper care, a plum tree can live for several decades, providing a steady supply of delicious fruit each summer and enhancing the landscape with its seasonal beauty.

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The fig tree's fruit is unique in that it’s an inverted flower filled with small blossoms, which, when pollinated, develop into tiny seeds inside the fruit. Fig fruits are soft and sweet with a honey-like taste, varying slightly in flavor depending on the variety. They are highly perishable when fresh, so figs are often dried or used in recipes shortly after harvest. Figs are prized for their taste and nutritious, providing dietary fiber, vitamins, and essential minerals like potassium and calcium.

Regarding care, fig trees are relatively low-maintenance, requiring regular pruning to promote new growth and maintain a manageable size. They thrive best with ample sunlight, deep watering during dry periods, and well-drained soil. Fig trees can live for decades, and with the right conditions, they produce abundant fruit each season. The fig tree’s rich history and easy cultivation make it both a symbolic and practical addition to gardens and orchards.

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Does Soursop Leaves have Anti-cancer Properties?

In recent years, soursop leaves have garnered attention for their potential anticancer properties. Studies have shown that the acetogenins present in the leaves may possess cytotoxic properties, which could potentially inhibit the growth of cancer cells. While research in this area is ongoing, and more clinical trials are necessary, the findings have sparked interest in the potential of soursop leaves as a complementary therapy. Beyond this, the leaves are also known to aid in digestive health, with their antimicrobial properties offering potential relief from stomach ailments and infections.

The leaves are also packed with natural antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, along with compounds like alkaloids, quinolones, and acetogenins, believed to offer significant health benefits. This unique mix of antioxidants and bioactive compounds contributes to the leaves' reputed ability to aid in immune support, reduce inflammation, and even offer potential protection against oxidative stress, making them a staple in folk remedies.

Soursop seedlings are available at Kes 350 each.
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Planting fruit trees before the onset of rains is a strategic and important agricultural practice, as highlighted below.

Optimal Soil Moisture. Planting fruit trees before the rainy season allows them to establish their root systems in soil with optimal moisture levels. Adequate soil moisture is crucial for tree roots' initial growth and development. Planting in dry soil may hinder root establishment and overall tree growth.

Root Development. During the early stages of growth, fruit tree seedlings need to develop strong and extensive root systems. Planting before the rains provides the necessary moisture for root growth, helping the trees become better anchored in the soil and increasing their ability to access water and nutrients.

Reduced Water Stress. Planting fruit trees just before the rains reduce the risk of water stress on newly planted trees. This is particularly important in regions with a dry or arid climate, where prolonged periods without rain can harm tree survival.

Faster Fruit Production. By planting before the rains, you can accelerate the timeline for fruit production. Fruit trees that establish quickly are more likely to start bearing fruit sooner, providing a quicker return on investment.

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Strawberries can grow in almost every part of Kenya provided there is a constant water supply and stable temperature in the range of 10 to 30 degrees Celsius. They are one of the most productive plants when what is produced from the weight of the plant is considered. Strawberries begin to ripen four to five weeks after the first flowers open and continue to ripen for about three weeks.

They are classified into early, mid-season, and late varieties. Everbearing strawberries produce three periods of flowers. Everbearers do not produce many runners. Day-neutral strawberries will produce fruit throughout the growing season.

The average strawberry plant will produce up to 1 quart of strawberries per plant. And this is only when it's in good production mode, with good growing conditions (estimating a harvesting season to last 3 to 4 weeks.)

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Sweet Granadilla fruit thrives in cool, high-altitude areas, typically 1,500 and 2,500 meters above sea level, making it well-suited to Kenya's highland regions, such as Central Kenya and the Rift Valley.

Sweet granadilla plants need fertile, well-drained soils and regular watering, especially in drier seasons, to produce the best yields. The vines grow quickly and can bear fruit within 8-12 months under optimal conditions.

Sweet granadilla and export demand in export markets, thanks to its unique flavor and health benefits, make it a profitable crop option for farmers looking to diversify into high-value fruit production.

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Hybrid lemons are specially bred varieties of lemon trees that combine desirable traits from different lemon species or even other citrus fruits. These hybrids are developed to produce high-quality fruit with improved characteristics, such as better flavor, higher juice content, enhanced disease resistance, or increased yield.

Popular hybrid lemons include varieties like the Meyer lemon, which is a cross between a lemon and a mandarin orange, giving it a sweeter taste and a thinner, edible skin.

Hybrid lemons are often more adaptable to different climates and can be grown in both tropical and subtropical regions, making them suitable for diverse farming locations, including Kenya. They can start bearing fruit within two to three years of planting, making them a quick-return investment for farmers. Hybrid lemons also tend to have a prolonged harvest season, providing multiple crops a year and contributing to steady revenue. With proper care, hybrid lemon trees offer farmers a profitable and sustainable crop option with strong demand in the culinary, beverage, and essential oil markets.

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Blood orange farming in Kenya can be a lucrative and rewarding venture. Blood oranges, also known as red oranges, are a unique variety of citrus fruits characterized by their deep red or maroon flesh and distinctive flavor. They are rich in antioxidants and vitamin C, making them increasingly popular globally.

Blood oranges thrive in warm subtropical or Mediterranean climates. They also prefer well-drained soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. Conduct a soil test to assess the soil's nutrient content and make necessary amendments to ensure optimal growth.

Successful blood orange farming requires dedication, knowledge, and ongoing management. Conducting a comprehensive feasibility study and seeking guidance from local agricultural experts can significantly increase your chances of success.

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REQUIREMENTS TO SUCCESSFUL MACADAMIA FARMING

Select the best macadamia nut variety
It is good if you have trees of the local variety: its name is actually not known and most people identify it for having thorny leaves. But keep in mind the best yield you can get from this variety is 30 kgs per year while those with improved varieties harvest as much as 80 kgs per tree.

The best macadamia variety in Kenya so far is Murang’a 20 (MRG-20). It grows fast, has high yields, and most importantly adapts well to different climatic conditions.
So would I advise you to replace those local trees with the new improved varieties? Certainly YES, and the best way of doing that is by planting new trees in between the old local ones.

Nurture the young trees till they start producing, as you prune the bigger trees to avoid overshadowing the young ones. When you start harvesting from the new trees, then you can cut down the old, less productive ones to give room for the improved varieties to expand.
Remember, the recommended spacing for macadamia trees in Kenya is 7 by 7 meters. You must keep to this spacing to avoid overlapping the tree branches which would lead to poor lighting hence lower yields.

Get your Macadamia seedlings from OxfarmAg Ltd at Kes 350.
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GUAVA FARMING

Farmers should embrace guava farming due to its resilience, high productivity, and strong market demand for both fresh and processed forms. Guava trees are hardy and adapt well to various climates, thriving even in areas with minimal rainfall and requiring less maintenance than many other fruit crops. Known for its rich nutritional profile, high in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, guava appeals to health-conscious consumers, creating a strong market locally and internationally.

Guavas can be harvested twice a year, providing farmers with a reliable income stream. The fruit is versatile, and used in juices, jams, and desserts, which opens up additional revenue channels in the value-added market. Embracing guava farming allows farmers to diversify, increase their farm profitability, and meet the rising demand for nutritious, natural foods.

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Pixie oranges are easy to grow, require low maintenance, and have a high yield potential, making them an excellent choice for small- and large-scale farmers. These oranges are known for their sweet, seedless flavor, highly appealing in local and export markets, especially among health-conscious consumers.

The growing demand for Pixie oranges in supermarkets, juice bars, and households ensures a steady market and premium prices. With proper care, a Pixie orchard can generate substantial returns, providing farmers with a sustainable income source while diversifying their crops and improving food security.

Get your Pixie seedlings from OxfarmAg Ltd at Kes 250.
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Pomegranate juice is packed with numerous health benefits due to its high levels of antioxidants, vitamins, and other essential nutrients.

Here are some of its key benefits
1. Rich in Antioxidants- Pomegranate juice contains powerful antioxidants like punicalagin and anthocyanins, which help protect cells from damage, reduce inflammation, and slow signs of aging.

2. Heart Health- Regular consumption of pomegranate juice may improve heart health by lowering blood pressure, reducing cholesterol, and improving blood flow. The juice is known to help reduce the buildup of plaque in arteries, which lowers the risk of heart disease.

3. Anti-Inflammatory Properties- Due to its high concentration of antioxidants, pomegranate juice has anti-inflammatory effects that can be beneficial for people with chronic inflammatory conditions like arthritis.

4. Supports Digestion- Pomegranate juice can aid in digestion by stimulating the production of digestive enzymes, helping to relieve constipation, and promoting a healthy gut due to its fiber content.

5. Boosts Immunity- The juice is rich in vitamins C, E, and other immune-boosting compounds, making it effective in strengthening the immune system and helping the body fight off common illnesses and infections.

6. Skin Health- The antioxidants in pomegranate juice promote collagen production, helping to maintain skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, and provide a healthy, glowing complexion.

7. Improved Memory- Studies suggest that pomegranate juice may enhance memory function and potentially reduce the risk of cognitive decline in older adults.

With its delicious taste and high nutritional value, pomegranate juice can be a healthy addition to a balanced diet, contributing to overall well-being and longevity.

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A pear tree will take approximately three years to produce fruit after planting. They are mostly grown in well-drained loamy or sandy soil with good sun.
Pears are a mild, sweet fruit with a fibrous center. They are rich in antioxidants, bio-flavonoids dietary fiber, cholesterol, and calories. They are delicious fruits that can be grown in a wide range of soils, especially in cold areas.


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Custard apples are popular in tropical and subtropical regions. They are rich in nutrients, including vitamin C, potassium, magnesium, and fiber, which make them beneficial for digestion, immunity, and overall health. Due to their delicate texture and sweet taste, custard apples are often enjoyed fresh or used in smoothies, desserts, and ice creams.

Growing custard apples can be profitable for farmers in suitable climates, as the trees are relatively low-maintenance and can produce fruit within a few years of planting. The fruits are typically harvested when they start to soften, which indicates ripeness. However, their delicate nature requires careful handling during harvest and transport to avoid bruising.

Given the increasing interest in exotic and nutrient-dense fruits, custard apples have potential in both local and international markets, where they appeal to health-conscious consumers and those looking for unique flavors. Their market appeal, combined with their ease of cultivation, makes custard apples an attractive crop choice for farmers in tropical regions.

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Orange Trees

Lack of sunlight easily stifles consistently fruiting orange trees. Without full sunlight, orange trees cannot generate the energy from photosynthesis to create juicy fruits.

As your trees grow, you should periodically observe the surrounding yard structures. For example, do not install a tall shed near a young orange tree since the structure’s shade may impede the tree’s sunlight absorption, especially during the cold months.

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PINK LADY APPLES

Farmers should consider investing in Pink Lady apples due to their high market demand and premium pricing. Known for their distinctive sweet-tart flavor and crisp texture, Pink Lady apples have become a favorite among consumers. This popularity allows farmers to command higher prices compared to other apple varieties, making them a lucrative option for those looking to maximize their returns on investment.

Another significant advantage of Pink Lady apples is their long shelf life. These apples can be stored for extended periods without losing quality, allowing farmers greater flexibility in marketing and selling their produce. The ability to store the apples for longer means that farmers can sell them gradually over time, rather than being forced to sell them immediately after harvest. This characteristic is especially beneficial in managing supply and demand, ultimately contributing to better price stability.

Pink Lady apples are also relatively resilient and adaptable to various climatic conditions, making them a viable choice for many regions. They exhibit good resistance to bruising, which helps reduce post-harvest losses, ensuring that more of the crop reaches the market in excellent condition. Their extended harvest season also allows farmers to spread out labor and harvesting costs, as Pink Lady apples typically ripen later than other varieties.

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Grafted macadamia trees are preferred by farmers because they offer several advantages over seed-grown trees. One of the primary benefits is early maturity; grafted trees begin producing nuts within 2 to 3 years, while seed-grown trees can take 7 to 10 years to bear fruit. This quicker turnaround is crucial for farmers seeking faster returns on their investments.

Grafted trees are known for their higher and more consistent yields, as they combine the strengths of a hardy rootstock with a scion selected for superior nut quality and productivity. The grafting process also ensures better disease resistance and resilience to pests, resulting in healthier trees that require less intervention.

Grafted macadamia trees produce uniform nuts in terms of size and quality, making them ideal for commercial farming, as they meet market standards more easily. Furthermore, the rootstock can be chosen for its drought tolerance or adaptability to different soil conditions, ensuring that the tree thrives even in challenging environments. These combined benefits make grafted macadamia a more reliable and profitable option for farmers.

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Tissue culture banana is a method of banana propagation that involves growing new banana plants from small pieces of plant tissue in a controlled laboratory environment. This technique ensures that the plants are free from diseases and pests, and allows for the mass production of genetically identical banana plants with uniform growth and high yields.

Farmers should embrace tissue culture banana farming for several compelling reasons:

1. Disease-Free Plants- Tissue culture bananas are free from harmful pests and diseases, ensuring healthier crops and reducing the need for chemical treatments.

2. Higher Yields- Tissue culture plants tend to produce more bananas than traditional methods, increasing farmers' income.

3. Uniform Growth- All plants are genetically identical, ensuring uniformity in growth, fruit size, and quality, which is important for market standards.

4. Faster Maturity- Tissue culture bananas often mature earlier, allowing farmers to harvest sooner and enjoy faster returns on investment.

5. Mass Production- This technique allows for the rapid multiplication of plants, providing a continuous supply of high-quality planting material.

6. Stress Resistance- Tissue culture plants tend to be more resistant to environmental stress, such as drought, poor soil conditions, and fluctuating weather patterns.

7. Year-Round Availability- Farmers can access planting material throughout the year, ensuring consistent production without being affected by seasonal limitations.

8. Sustainable and Cost-Effective- Healthy, disease-free plants mean less reliance on expensive chemical inputs like pesticides and fertilizers, promoting more sustainable farming.

9. Improved Quality Control- Farmers can select and propagate plants with desirable traits, such as better fruit quality or disease resistance.

10. Space Efficiency- Tissue culture allows large-scale production in a small space, which is ideal for farmers looking to expand without the need for large land areas.

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Apart from pollination, how else will a farmer benefit from beekeeping?

Here are several ways you can benefit from bees as a grower

1. Bees have a delicious reward besides pollination: raw honey. You will also earn a steady revenue from beekeeping. Besides, you can add honey to tea or toast, consume it raw, or use it instead of sugar. Once stored in a sealed container, you can store the honey for a long time. It never expires.

2. You can also harvest beeswax and use them to produce other products like soap, lip balms, lotions, and other skincare products.
Also, you can use beeswax to make products such as cutting board conditioners, wood furniture polish, and wax food wraps.
Pollination is the highest contributor to crop yields. Become a better gardener by practicing beekeeping.

At OxfarmAg, we sell langstroth beehives at Ksh 5,500/- to help farmers venture into beekeeping and scale up their fruit production.

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Purple passion fruit is a joy to grow and it is rewarding for the passion fruit farmer. The passion fruit makes up for a rich diet and can be used for making juices, jam, ice cream, and other goodies. The fruits give more than just nutritional value to you but also improve the income of farmers who take care of them. Passion fruits are even regarded as an important cash crop that can be adopted by small-scale farmers.

The plants do well in cool temperatures with an altitude between 1200 meters to 2000 meters above sea level. To have a successful harvest of passion fruits, it requires annual rainfall between 900 millimeters to 2000 millimeters.

Get your purple passion seedlings from OxfarmAg Ltd at Kes 70.
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Grapes in Kenya are often accustomed to producing thousands of jobs and uncountable shillings in financial gain because there’s a decent market inside the country. There’s a ready market throughout the year and new wine firms that use grapes as their main raw material are setting searches in Kenya.

A good proportion of the grapes consumed in Kenya is foreign and principally oversubscribed to the high market that pays a decent worth for them- a Kg goes at around 400-500 Ksh. Wine manufacturing firms like Kenyan wine agencies do import the grapes they use thanks to the great quality of foreign grapes and lack of Kenyan provision.

Basic Requirements of Grapes in Kenya
Grapes in Kenya prefers deep and well-drained soil and may grow in any soil kind. They are propagated through seeds or through seedlings. There are differing kinds of grapes each having its own characteristics, blessings, and drawbacks. Prospective massive-scale farmers ought to visit wineries and inquire about the kinds of grapes they may have an interest in getting before clasp real cultivators because demand will disagree by selection. Home growers ought to sample the various varieties; they’ll be planted on the fence within the homestead and trained well to hide the fruits once they mature.

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