Russian Federation

At least 7 dead in neurological hospital fire in central Russia At least seven people have been killed and nine injured in a fire at a neurological hospital in Russia’s central Voronezh region. At least 14 remain unaccounted for as authorities scour the rubble of the wooden structure which was destroyed by the blaze.

The luxury hotel, the family of the top Moscow prosecutor and Russia’s most notorious gang

Russia sends message to West with show of strength in Syria Until last Tuesday, America and Britain were the only countries with a proven ability to fire cruise missiles at land targets from submarines.

Obama Says Bombing Possible in Russian Crash; Cameron Says It’s “More Likely Than Not” President Barack Obama gave weight on Thursday to the conclusion that the Russian airliner that broke apart over the Sinai Peninsula on Saturday was taken

'No Evacution' for 80.000 Russians still in Egypt

'No evacuation' for 80,000 Russians still in Egypt The nearly 80,000 Russian tourists who are currently vacationing in Egypt can return at their own pace in the wake of last weekend's jet crash in the Sinai, officials said. "There will be no evacuation," Irina Tyurina, a spokeswoman for the Russian Union of the Tourism Industry, told AFP, adding tha…

One day in Moscow .. It's cool .. )) (y)

Agree...!

The most beautiful flag in the world!

Do you agree?

July 2, 2015
New US military strategy: 'Russia,China-threat to unipolar domination fantasy'

New US military strategy: ‘Russia, China - threat to unipolar domination fantasy’ The Pentagon’s new military strategy proposes that Russia is a major US adversary, that there might be a war between the two countries, and that the US is losing its military technology supremacy, says Brian Becker from the anti-war Answer Coalition.

The History of The cold war (Russia vs USA).

The history of the Cold War - CNN.com The history of the Cold WarUpdated 9:28 AM ET, Mon March 31, 2014The history of the Cold War 30 photosThe history of the Cold War – The end of World War II set the stage for the Cold War, the struggle between communism and capitalism that pitted East against West and pushed the world to the brink of…

*Two days ago.
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Russia make a Modern Battleship.

Rusia Buat Kapal Perang Berteknologi Canggih Presiden Vladimir Putin berencana untuk membuat kapal perang berteknologi canggihnbsp

is it true...?, Russia and China can make a Big War...?.

Peringatan AS Ulah Rusia dan China Bisa Picu Perang Besar

Russian fighter jet aircraft attack Sweden...!

Jet Tempur Rusia Lakukan Serangan Flare ke Pesawat Swedia NATO telah mempertimbangkan opsi untuk menanggapi tindakan Rusia yang semakin agresif.

Sukhoi SU-35 for Indonesia...

Rusia-Indonesia Mulai Bicarakan Pengiriman Sukhoi Su-35 | RBTH Indonesia Indonesia tertarik membeli pesawat jet tempur multiperan Rusia Sukhoi Su-35 dan negosiasi mengenai hal tersebut telah berjalan.

Today. July 3, 2015.

Russia has accused the US of being 'confrontational' Russia denounced a new U.S. military strategy that accuses Moscow of failing to respect its neighbours' sovereignty as “confrontational” on Thursday, saying it would set back efforts to improve relations.

The newest U.S. export may leave Russia with excess gas Vladimir Putin has been having an iffy year. His not-so-secret military adventure in Ukraine has gotten bogged down in an ugly stalemate. Thanks to Western sanctions and falling oil prices, the Russian economy

Russia and USA make the World War 3 became possible, with a nuclear conflict...
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It Must can't be stopped...

How World War III became possible: A nuclear conflict with Russia is likelier than you think A growing chorus of analysts and policymakers are sounding the alarm. Will the world hear them in time?

do you Remember this moment...?

Soviet counterattack at Stalingrad - Nov 19, 1942 - HISTORY.com On this day in History, Soviet counterattack at Stalingrad on Nov 19, 1942. Learn more about what happened today on History.

Putin's say: "We are ready to started a nuke WAR...!"


(Translated to Indonesian).

Putin Siap Kobarkan Perang Nuklir demi Krimea | Dunia | DW.COM | 16.03.2015 Dalam sebuah film dokumenter, Presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin mengaku "siap" menggunakan senjata nuklir demi mempertahankan Semenanjung Krimea. Ia terlibat secara langsung dalam krisis di Ukraina.

Will the US do anything to stop it?
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via: ( http://www.theblaze.com/blog/2015/06/30/if-russia-invades-a-nato-country-will-the-u-s-do-anything-to-stop-it/ )

If Russia invades a NATO country, will the U.S. do anything to stop it? As Russia continues to push forward in Ukraine with little international resistance, TheBlaze's national security adviser Buck Sexton asked: "If Russia invades a NATO country, are we going to do anything about it?" "We can take a look at the way the Russians have been waging another war,...

via: ( http://news.yahoo.com/russia-blasts-finland-barring-parliament-speaker-180408518.html )

Russia blasts Finland for barring parliament speaker Moscow on Wednesday slammed Finland for refusing entry to the speaker of Russia's parliament in the latest high-profile spat between the Kremlin and the European Union over the blacklisting of officials due to the Ukraine crisis. The Finnish foreign ministry said Wednesday that it has barred six Rus…

July 1, 2015
Ukraine-Russia gas conflict flares

Ukraine is holding out for a discounted gas price, something that Russia is not prepared to give, leading to a cut-off in gas shipments.
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-Via: ( http://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-ends-gas-russian-gas-imports-pipelines/ )
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Ukraine has stopped buying Russian natural gas and Russia halted shipments to Ukraine the two sides said in tit-for-tat comments Wednesday, following the expiration of an interim agreement on gas supplies and prices with Russia’s Gazprom.

Gazprom said it cut off gas supplies to Ukraine because Kiev has not paid its bills. “Gazprom will not supply Ukraine under any gas price if there is no prepayment,” the company’s CEO Alexei Miller said, according to Russian media.

Ukraine’s state gas company Naftogaz said it would resume imports only when a new longer-term supply deal was agreed with Russia that would run at least up to the end of March 2016, after the peak winter heating season.

The decision came after the failure of Tuesday’s EU-brokered talks in Vienna between Russia and Ukraine on a new supply accord. The main sticking point was the size of Ukraine’s gas price discount, said an EU source. “As the meeting has shown today, the parties are still far apart,” Maroš Šefčovič, the Commission’s vice president for the energy union and the EU’s main negotiator, said after the talks.

He was not happy about the outcome. “You see my frustration, I am not hiding it,” he said. “What we saw in the end was a lack of the political will” on both sides.

Naftogaz stressed that Russian gas shipments to Europe and Turkey wouldn’t be affected, and it would honor existing transit contracts.

Gas deliveries to Ukraine and transit to EU are not endangered

“Gas deliveries to Ukraine and transit to EU are not endangered,” Šefčovič said.

Ukraine is a major transit route for Russian gas shipments to Europe. Russian imports account for around one-third of the bloc’s gas, and about half that crosses Ukrainian territory. Ukraine now needs to fill its underground storage in the summer to reach around 19 billion cubic meters before the heating season starts in October to ensure stable supply in winter.

While Ukraine used to be almost completely dependent on Russian gas, it has spent the last year frantically expanding its gas connections with EU countries to its west. That is a result of hostility with Russia following Moscow’s annexation of Crimea and its support for separatists waging war in the east of the country.

Now Ukraine can receive sufficient gas supplies from Slovakia, Hungary and Poland to make up for the missing 7 billion cubic meters of Russian gas it needs between now and October. “Today we have a strong mechanism of reverse flows, much better prepared in terms of energy supplies,” said Šefčovič. “We have the capacity, the time and the gas, to make sure there is adequate supply.”

But the country will need Russian gas imports to cover its winter needs, an EU source said. That is also why the EU is keen to have a package in place before then, to ensure stable supplies between the countries.

Failing to reach a deal Tuesday also means that gas relations between Russia and Ukraine are again governed by a controversial 2009 supply contract whose terms are being looked at by the International Arbitration Court in Stockholm. Under that contract, Ukraine would now have to pay $291 per thousand cubic meters, said an EU source.
Gas price, a sticking point

Russia’s Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev revised his position on the discussions a day before going into the trilateral talks, saying on Monday that Moscow had agreed to offer an extension of the current price of $247 per thousand cubic meters including a $40 discount, until September. This came days after Russia had suggested there wouldn’t be a similar discount in the next quarter, and that the new gas price would be around $287.

The Ukrainian side expected a lower price than the $247 it has paid until now.

“The discount on gas for Ukraine is in line with the prices that are in place in countries and territories around Ukraine. The Ukrainian side said today that it counted on a larger discount of around 30 percent,” Russia’s Energy Minister Alexander Novak said on Rossiya-24 television Tuesday evening. “In our opinion this is a completely groundless expectation.”

The European Commission is now preparing the next steps, including the duration of a deal, volume needs for storage and financing mechanisms for cash-strapped Ukraine. While Brussels has been keen to get a longer-term agreement that would cover the whole winter, Russia has held on to a quarterly revision based on market developments.

Another meeting among the parties could take place in September.

Šefčovič warned that both Ukraine and Russia are responsible for reliable transit of gas to the EU. “Unfortunately the gas supply got the image of being something you have to be concerned about,” he said, adding “I don’t think it’s good for the image of Russia, which wants to have the image of a reliable supplier, and not conducive to the image of Ukraine, which wants to remain and have the image of a reliable transit country.”

Ukraine-Russia gas conflict flares Ukraine is holding out for a discounted gas price, something that Russia is not prepared to give, leading to a cut-off in gas shipments.

Russia-U.S. Ties Alive and Well at Iran Nuclear Talks :
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-June 30, 2015
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VIENNA — Russia-U.S. relations are at a post-Cold War low just about everywhere, except at the Iran nuclear talks.

Despite a chill over the Ukraine crisis that has spread to almost every element of their relationship, Moscow and Washington continue to find common cause on one of the most pressing issues on the global agenda — a deal to prevent Iran from being able to make nuclear weapons.

Officials on both sides credit the other with pragmatic proposals and good faith that transcends their broader differences.

For the U.S., failure to get an agreement carries the unappealing risk of involvement in a new Mideast conflict, nor does President Barack Obama want to lose out on a key plank of his foreign-policy legacy. The Obama administration has said it could strike Iran's nuclear facilities militarily should diplomatic attempts to curb its nuclear activities fail. Israel is even more upfront about threatening to launch air attacks, a move that could draw the U.S. into the fray.

The Russians also don't want a U.S.-Iran war. Gary Samore, a U.S. negotiator at the nuclear talks until 2013, says getting an agreement is in Moscow's strategic interest as it tries to limit the U.S. presence in the Middle East.

"The Russians don't like to see the U.S. going around the world, bombing countries," says Samore, who is now with Harvard's Belfer Center think tank.

To that end, the Iran talks are also serving as a conduit between Russia and America on various ways of reducing Mideast turmoil. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov on Monday said his talks Tuesday with U.S Secretary of State John Kerry in Vienna would be an opportunity "to exchange opinions on how our two countries and other countries in the region could pool our efforts" to fight the Islamic State.

The desire is mutual.

While the Russians and Americans differ on Moscow's support for Syrian President Bashar Assad, Samore said the Kremlin's backing of Assad is now secondary to a way of defeating the Islamic State.

Though the venue was the nuclear talks, Lavrov's comments after meeting Kerry reflected how they have evolved as a place to discuss general shared concerns.

The Russian said the talks were "not the main subject of our meeting." Instead, he said he and Kerry exchanged "specific opinions and ideas on how to try to make the situation more manageable" in the anti-Islamic State campaign.

Harvard political science professor Graham Allison sees the Russia-U.S. cooperation as "good evidence that where there is real shared national interest, both Putin's Russia and Obama's U.S. can see beyond the shouting over Ukraine." He likened it to the two nations' ability to sign several significant arms limitations treaties during the Cold War.

But it's not all about goodwill.

A nuclear deal may serve Russia's own needs on a strategic level, and work against the United States. It could strengthen Tehran as a regional power allied with Moscow, both as a proxy backing the Syrian government and as a rival to U.S-backed Saudi Arabia in the struggle for Mideast influence.

Economic interests also play a role in Moscow's support for a nuclear deal, even if the lifting of sanctions trigged by an agreement would hurt Russia in the short run. These would put more Iranian oil on the market in competition with Russian crude.

But Moscow is reportedly working on a solution by offering cash for Iranian oil. Tehran then would spend the money on Russian goods. And Russia can sell the Islamic Republic state-of-the-art drilling equipment and other technology it needs to rebuild its sanctions-battered oil sector.

And in the long run, the Kremlin, which already helped construct Iran's working reactor, will benefit from an already signed multibillion-dollar deal to build two additional reactors and supply them with fuel. More such projects are planned, along with military cooperation and Russian arms sales to Tehran, including the long-delayed transfer of S-300 advanced air defense systems.

The U.S. has tried to desperately to prevent that system from reaching Iran.

The Iranians are clearly banking on Russia as they ready to shake off crippling economic sanctions. Tehran's ambassador to Moscow, Mehdi Sanayee, foresees a quick and "eye-catching leap" in bilateral trade with Russia from the present $5 billion a year to $70 billion.

And helping out on Iran may mean the U.S. and its partners ease their pressure over Ukraine.

"There may be a calculation by Moscow that the Western powers may be more reluctant to elevate sanctions over Ukraine in order not to jeopardize cooperation over Iran," Samore said.

3 Ways China and the U.S. Could Go to War in the South China Sea.

Neither China nor the United States want war, at least not in the near
future. China’s military buildup notwithstanding, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and its components are not ready to fight the United States. The U.S., for its part, would surely prefer to avoid the chaos and uncertainty that any military conflict with China would create.

Nevertheless, both China and the United States are making commitments in the South China Sea that each may find difficult to back away from. Over the past two weeks, these commitments have generated a war of words that analysts of the relationship have found troubling. The key problems focus on China’s efforts to expand (or create) islands in the Spratlys, which could theoretically provide the basis for claims to territorial waters. The insistence of the United States on freedom of navigation could bring these tensions to a boil. Here are three ways in which tensions in the South China Sea might lead to conflict.

Island Hopping in the SCS

Over the past several months, China has stepped up construction of what observers are calling “The Great Wall of Sand.” This “great wall” involves expanding a group of islands in the Spratly chain so that they can support airstrips, weapons, and other permanent installations. It appears that Beijing is committed to defending these new islands as an integral parts of Chinese territory, a position that the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea does not support. Washington has other ideas, and has maintained that it will carry out freedom-of-navigation patrols in areas that China claims as territorial waters.

(Recommended: Asia's Greatest Fear - A U.S.-China War)

The prospects for conflict are clear. If U.S. ships or aircraft enter waters that China claims, then Chinese sailors, soldiers, and pilots need to take great care about how they respond. A militarized response could quickly lead to escalation, especially if American forces suffer any kind of serious damage. It’s also easy to imagine scenarios in which island-building leads China to become embroiled against an ASEAN state. In such a case, a freedom-of-navigation patrol could put China in an awkward position relative to the third party.

Excitable Fighter Jocks

China and the United States have already come close to conflict over aircraft collisions. When a P-3 Orion collided a PLAN J-8 interceptor in 2001, it led to weeks of recriminations and negotiation before the crew of the P-3 was returned to the United States, and the plane was returned… in a box.

March,23 2015.

Tiga Kendaraan Masa Depan Terhebat Milik Militer Rusia.

Pada 29 Mei 1910, perusahan pelatihan mekanik pertama didirikan di Sankt Petersburg. Sejak itu, tanggal tersebut selalu diperingati oleh para 'supir' kendaraan militer. Kini, sebagai bagian dari pembaharuan senjata militer Rusia besar-besaran, tentara Rusia juga akan mendapat kendaraan-kendaraan baru nan canggih dalam perbendaharaan senjata mereka. Secara keseluruhan, militer Rusia ditargetkan mendapat 14 ribu kendaraan baru yang modern pada 2020. RBTH telah memilih tiga kendaraan masa depan terbaik yang akan segera bergabung dengan tentara Rusia berikut ini.

1.Typhoon-K – Reli di Ladang Ranjau

Para pengamat kendaraan militer di seluruh dunia telah sejak lama menyematkan julukan bagi truk Kamaz yang terus memenangkan reli internasional Dakar, yang menunjukkan kekuatan dan ketangguhan karakter kendaraan tersebut.

Perusahaan Kamaz pun menyimak pernyataan-pernyataan yang dilontarkan oleh para pengamat dan berinisiatif menciptakan salah satu kendaraan lapis baja terberat di dunia. Kendaraan ini jelas lebih unggul dari kendaraan lapis baja ringan dan kendaraan infanteri mekanik yang saat ini digunakan oleh militer Rusia. Typhoon-K dirancang untuk mengangkut tentara hingga 18 personel sekaligus.

Tentara dan kargo akan terlindungi dengan baik di balik lapis baja keramik yang terintegrasi, dan kerangka geometris khusus, kursi perlindungan ranjau, serta senjata canggih akan melindungi mereka dari serangan ranjau maupun ledakan di darat.

Kemampuan Typhoon-K telah dibuktikan melalui uji coba ekstrem yang telah ia lalui. Pada saat uji coba, Typhoon ditembak dari berbagai sudut menggunakan beragam tipe senjata dan diserang oleh beberapa ledakan, sebagai simulasi medan tempur yang sesungguhnya. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan, ahwa tentara yang berada di dalam kendaraan tersebut selamat dan tak mengalami luka yang membahayakan jiwa.

2.ТМ 5Т58-2 Mark 5 – Sang Pahlawan Sederhana.
Kendaraan ini mengangkut empat misil raksasa yang telah lama menjadi
bintang di parade dan pameran senjata. S-300 dan S-400, misil yang duduk di atas Tm 5T58, merupakan senjata yang diidamkan oleh banyak negara di dunia.

Salah satu kelebihan utama sistem semacam S-300 dan S-400 terletak pada mobilitas tinggi yang memungkinakn mereka melakukan manuver saat berubah posisi. Untuk itu, sistem misil antipesawat tersebut dilengkapi dengan kendaraan pengangkutnya. Namun, kendaraan ini jarang terdengar. Mereka bahkan tidak mendapat julukan cantik, hanya diberi nama TM 5T58-2 Mark 5.

Kendaraan transportasi terbaru dirancang oleh perusahaan Aircraft Equipment ini 25 persen lebih murah dari pendahulunya dan 35 persen lebih hemat dalam menggunakan bahan bakar. Selain itu, dengan bantuan TM 5T58-2, sistem S-400 SAM dapat bergerak bebas di segala jenis jalan, bahkan di medan yang berat. Pasokan gelombang pertama TM akan dikirim ke tentara Rusia di paruh kedua 2015.

3.Cornet-D – Kavaleri Abad ke-21.
Cornet-D mengingatkan kita pada taktik kavaleri Mongolia—serangan
cepat, tembakan akurat, lalu bergerak mundur. Kendaraan ini merupakan pengembangan terbaru para insinyur KBR.

Cornet-D ini dapat menghancurkan tank, membumihanguskan benteng beton, bahkan menembak jatuh helikopter dan pesawat tanpa awak. Saat tidak dilengkapi sistem misil, sistem tempur kendaraan ini sama seperti kendaraan lapis baja biasa, yang melindungi pasukan dari tembakan udara.

Pertahanan utama sistem semacam ini bukan lapis baja, melainkan mobilitas mereka yang jauh lebih superior dibanding kendaraan lapis baja lawan. Setiap sistem memiliki delapan misil yang siap tembak, dan secara keseluruhan Cornet-D dilengkapi dengan 16 misil yang mampu menembak dua target sekaligus.

Cornet-D menggunakan sistem kontrol sinar laser mekanik otomoatis yang menerapkan prinsip fire-forget. Misil ini tak menggunakan peralatan mahal, sehingga produsen dapat menekan biaya produksi dan persyaratan latihan bagi pengendalinya pun tak terlalu berat.

Russia and Indonesia Relations:

Indonesia–Russia relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Indonesia and Russia. Russia has an embassy in Jakarta, and Indonesia has an embassy in Moscow along with a consulate general in Saint Petersburg. Both countries are members of the APEC.

According to a 2013 BBC World Service poll, 29% of Indonesians view Russia's influence positively, with 43% expressing a negative view.[1]

The Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with Indonesia on February 3, 1950. Early in the Cold War, both countries had very strong relations with Indonesian president Sukarno visiting Moscow and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev visiting Jakarta. When Sukarno was overthrown by General Suharto, relations between the two states weren't as close as they were during Sukarno's times.

PRESENT:
In late 2007, Indonesia purchased military weapons from Russia with long term payment. Indonesian airlines also were considering purchasing the Sukhoi Superjet 100 from Russia but a 2012 demonstration crash has put such talks on hold. Indonesia now says it could take as long as a year to analyze the flight data recorder recovered from the crash site.[2] Separately, both countries are also members of the G20 and APEC

Military Cooperation:
Russia is a major arms supplier to Indonesia supplying weapons such as the Sukhoi Su-30, Sukhoi Su-27, Mil Mi-35, BMP-3 and Mil Mi-17 helicopters.

Masha and the Bear is the Greatest Cartoon Movie for Kid in Russia... :)

:)

The Cold War:
US plan to place missiles in Poland.

In March 2007, the U.S. announced plans to build an anti-ballistic missile defense installation in Poland along with a radar station in the Czech Republic. Both nations were former Warsaw Pact members. American officials said that the system was intended to protect the United States and Europe from possible nuclear missile attacks by Iran or North Korea. Russia, however, viewed the new system as a potential threat and, in response, tested a long-range intercontinental ballistic missile, the RS-24, which it claimed could defeat any defense system. Russian President Vladimir Putin warned the U.S. that these new tensions could turn Europe into a "powder keg". On June 3, 2007, Putin warned that if the U.S. builds the missile defense system, Russia would consider targeting missiles at Poland and the Czech Republic.[6]

On October 16, 2007, Vladimir Putin visited Iran to discuss Russia's aid to Iran's nuclear power program and "insisted that the use of force was unacceptable."[7] On October 17, Bush stated "if you're interested in avoiding World War III, it seems like you ought to be interested in preventing them from having the knowledge necessary to make a nuclear weapon," understood as a message to Putin.[8] A week later Putin compared U.S. plans to put up a missile defense system near Russia's border as analogous to when the Soviet Union deployed missiles in Cuba, prompting the Cuban Missile Crisis.[9]

On February 14, 2008, Vladimir Putin again announced that Russia might have to retarget some of its rockets towards the missile defense system, claiming that "If it appears, we will be forced to respond appropriately – we will have to retarget part of our systems against those missiles." He also said that missiles might be redirected towards Ukraine if they went ahead with plans to build NATO bases within their territory, saying that "We will be compelled to aim our missiles at facilities that we consider a threat to our national security, and I am putting this plainly now so that the blame for this is not shifted later,"[10]

On July 8, 2008, Russia announced that if a U.S. anti-missile shield is deployed near the Russian border, they will react militarily. The statement from the Russian foreign ministry said "If a U.S. strategic anti-missile shield starts to be deployed near our borders, we will be forced to react not in a diplomatic fashion but with military-technical means." Later, Russia's ambassador to the United Nations Vitaly Churkin stated that "military-technical means" does not mean military action, but more likely a change in Russia's strategic posture, perhaps by redeploying its own missiles.[11]

On August 14, 2008, the United States and Poland agreed to have 10 two-stage missile interceptors – made by Orbital Sciences Corporation – placed in Poland, as part of a missile shield to defend Europe and the U.S. from a possible missile attack by Iran. In return, the U.S. agreed to move a battery of MIM-104 Patriot missiles to Poland. The missile battery would be staffed – at least temporarily – by U.S. Military personnel. The U.S. also pledged to defend Poland – a NATO member – quicker than NATO would in the event of an attack. Additionally, the Czech Republic recently agreed to allow the placement of a radar-tracking station in their country, despite public opinion polls showing that the majority of Czechs are against the plans and only 18% support it.[12] The radar-tracking station in the Czech Republic would also be part of the missile defense shield. After the agreement was announced, Russian officials said defences on Russia's borders would be increased and that they foresee harm in bilateral relations with the United States[13]

On November 5, 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in his first annual address to the Federal Assembly of Russia promised to deploy Iskander short-range missilies to Kaliningrad, near the border with American-backed Poland.[14]

Russian and United States of America relations:

Russia–United States relations is the bilateral relationship between the Russian Federation, a successor state to the Soviet Union, and the United States of America. Russia and the United States maintain diplomatic relations, but in 2014, already strained relations between Russia and the US, as well as other countries allied with the US, greatly deteriorated due to the Ukrainian crisis and the Syrian Civil War, which caused observers to characterize those as assuming an adversarial nature, or the advent of Cold War II,[1][2][3] with mutual trade and investment being significantly restricted.

History:
Background: the United States and the Soviet Union

Main article: Soviet Union–United States relations
See also: Russian Empire–United States relations

In the late 1980s, Eastern European nations took advantage of the relaxation of Soviet control under Mikhail Gorbachev and began to break away from communist rule.

On 3 December 1989, Gorbachev and George H. W. Bush declared the Cold War over at the Malta Summit.[5] In December 1991, the Soviet Union dissolved and the Commonwealth of Independent States was formed.

With the ending of Communism, relations between Russia and the United States, already greatly improved in the final years of the USSR, developed further.

The Russian Politics.:

The politics of Russia (the Russian Federation) takes place in the framework of a federal semi-presidential republic. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws.

Since gaining its independence with the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has faced serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet rule. For instance, leading figures in the legislative and executive branches have put forth opposing views of Russia's political direction and the governmental instruments that should be used to follow it. That conflict reached a climax in September and October 1993, when President Boris Yeltsin used military force to dissolve the parliament and called for new legislative elections (see Russian constitutional crisis of 1993). This event marked the end of Russia's first constitutional period, which was defined by the much-amended constitution adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1978. A new constitution, creating a strong presidency, was approved by referendum in December 1993.

With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Russia's political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization. As the transition period extended into the mid-1990s, the power of the national government continued to wane as Russia's regions gained political and economic concessions from Moscow. Although the struggle between executive and legislative branches was partially resolved by the new constitution, the two branches continued to represent fundamentally opposing visions of Russia's future. Most of the time, the executive was the center of reform, and the lower house of the parliament, State Duma, was a bastion of anti-reform communists and nationalists.