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Timing and sequence errors in PLC programming occur when a process doesn’t follow the correct order. Sequence errors happen when steps are triggered incorrectly, while timing errors occur when steps start at the wrong time.

Fixing these issues requires adjusting the logic to ensure only one step is active at a time.

A Passive Infrared (PIR) is an electronic device used to detect motion by measuring infrared (IR) radiation emitted by objects in its field of view.
The sensor is made up of two slots, each sensitive to infrared radiation. When a warm object (like a person) enters the field of view, it creates a difference in the infrared levels between the two slots, causing the sensor to trigger.
The PIR sensor doesn't detect specific objects but rather changes in infrared levels caused by movement. PIR sensors are commonly used in motion detectors for security systems, automatic lighting systems, and various home automation projects.

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https://www.realpars.com/blog/inside-industrial-boiler

Industrial boilers are essential to many industries like power generation, chemical production, and oil refining, helping to convert water into steam. Fire-tube and water-tube boilers are the two types, each with unique functions. In a fire-tube boiler, hot gases flow through tubes, heating water outside them. On the other hand, water-tube boilers heat water inside tubes, making them suitable for applications like power plants, where they produce superheated steam to drive turbines.
also feature key components like economizers, which preheat the water, and superheaters, which remove moisture from the steam, ensuring efficiency and safety. From the combustion chamber to the steam drum, every part of an industrial boiler plays a crucial role in converting water to steam efficiently. Want to learn more about how boilers power industries worldwide?

Power Generation Essentials From Turbines to Hydroelectricity: https://www.realpars.com/courses/power-generation-essentials

watch the full video here: https://youtu.be/nOTXXgMekIk

Logical errors occur when code is syntactically correct but doesn’t function as expected due to flawed logic.
For example, using the same variable twice where different ones are needed won’t trigger an error in the compiler but will cause incorrect behavior during testing. Testing often helps catch and fix these errors early before the code becomes too complex to debug.

Got a minute? Take this quick, fun to test your knowledge!

A syntax error happens when there's a mistake in the code's structure, like typing a variable name wrong. highlights these errors with a red squiggly line and gives details when you hover over the error.
It also checks for syntax errors during the build process, showing them in the Messages window. Fixing them is simple, like correcting a typo, since CODESYS points you directly to the issue.

A Pneumatic Vane Actuator generates rotary motion using compressed air. Inside the actuator, a movable vane is housed within a cylindrical chamber, connected to the output shaft.

▶️ Clockwise Rotation: When air pressure is applied to the left side of the vane, it pushes the vane right, rotating the shaft clockwise.

▶️ Counterclockwise Rotation: When air pressure is applied to the right side of the vane, it pushes the vane left, rotating the shaft counterclockwise.

Vane actuators are commonly used in applications requiring precise and consistent rotation. The vane actuator's shaft connects directly to devices like valves or dampers to transfer motion.

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https://www.realpars.com/blog/single-pair-ethernet-automotive

Single Pair Ethernet (SPE), which is defined by the IEEE 802.3 standards, uses a single twisted pair of wires to transmit data. It offers multiple advantages, such as simpler cabling, faster communication, and Power over Data Lines (PoDL).

SPE is used in many automobile control modules, onboard diagnostic systems, and communication networks, offering lightweight, cost-efficient, and reliable communication.

TE Connectivity

Watch the full video on YouTube to get all the insights:
https://youtu.be/ZV06EXZYmRo

How do you know if your is in trouble? By monitoring it constantly!
Think of it like having security cameras that keep a close watch on your system.

is your all-in-one tool for this. It's like the control room where all your "feeds" are tracked, making sure your network stays on the right path.

Take this quick quiz and Test your knowledge!🧠

If you liked our previous Single Pair Ethernet course, you’ll love this new one: Single Pair Ethernet Applications: Real-World Examples & Best Practices. It’s available now, and you’ll earn a certificate from TE Connectivity upon completion.

Skills you'll gain:
- Master the basics of Single-Pair Ethernet and its applications.
- Explore real-world case studies in automotive and factory automation.
- See how SPE simplifies networks and boosts efficiency.
- Learn how SPE powers IoT and IIoT systems.

Sign up now and start learning today!
https://www.realpars.com/courses/single-pair-ethernet-applications

flow meters use high-frequency sound waves, above 25 kHz, for accurate measurements without audible noise, generated by vibrating piezoelectric crystals.

An ultrasonic flow meter consists of at least one sensor and transducer pair. Each member of the pair can act both as a transmitter and a receiver.

When in receive mode, an ultrasonic wave passing through the fluid creates vibration in the piezoelectric crystal, and an electrical impulse is generated.

When in transmit mode, an oscillating electrical current creates a vibration in the piezoelectric crystal, and an ultrasonic wave is sent through the flowing fluid.

A pulse that travels with the flow, takes less time to make the trip than the pulse returning in the opposite direction, or against the flow.

The difference in this time of flight between the two pulses is directly proportional to the flow velocity. Since the volumetric flow rate is equal to velocity times the cross-sectional area of the pipe, which is fixed at the flow meter, this measurement yields the flow rate.

▶ You can read the full post here:
https://www.realpars.com/blog/ai-machine-vision

and machine vision are making it easier for factories to automate visual inspections.

Traditional machine vision systems use rule-based algorithms, which require engineers to set specific rules for identifying defects.

However, with AI-powered systems, engineers only need to upload images of good parts to train the model. The system can then accurately identify defects like scratches or color imperfections without needing predefined limits.

This reduces false rejects, minimizes manual inspection, and improves overall efficiency on production lines.

Check out the full video on our YouTube channel! You won't want to miss it!
https://youtu.be/NGPwaExODXQ

Fiber optic cables are better than regular cables in noisy environments. They use light, not electricity, to transmit signals, so they're not affected by electrical interference.

To connect your regular devices to a fiber optic network, you need an Optical Link Module (OLM). It translates between the two types of signals.

This fun quiz is a great way to see how far you've come!

Grounding your cables connects their protective layer to the earth, which helps block unwanted signals. Make sure they're grounded properly at both ends and key points in between to reduce interference.

An LVDT is an electronic device that uses electrical and mechanical processes to convert movement along a single axis (linear displacement) into a readable signal, requiring an external power source to operate.

When the ferrous core is centered at the null position, the induced magnetic flux to each of the secondary coils is equal.

We know that they are electrically 180 degrees out of phase with each other, therefore, they will cancel each other, and the output voltage will be zero.

As the core moves from this null position, the net-induced voltage changes.

– When it moves upwards, the induced magnetic flux on the upper secondary winding is greater than the induced magnetic flux on the lower secondary winding. This results in a positive output voltage.

– When it moves downwards, the induced magnetic flux on the upper secondary winding is less than the induced magnetic flux on the lower secondary winding. This results in a negative output voltage.

Due to those characteristics, the direction in which the body is moving, and the distance can be determined by observing the voltage output increasing or decreasing, and its negative or positive value.

▶ You can read the full post here:
https://www.realpars.com/blog/right-plc-for-process-control

Process control systems are crucial for maintaining stability, efficiency, and safety in industries like manufacturing and oil and gas. PLCs, the backbone of these systems, automate and monitor processes with precision.

Learn how to choose the right PLC by exploring key criteria and real-world examples from top brands like Siemens, Allen-Bradley, Mitsubishi, and Schneider Electric.

This guide will help you make informed decisions based on performance, scalability, and cost, ensuring the best fit for your industrial needs.

Watch the full video now on our YouTube channel!
https://youtu.be/lIN7yYY5eDo?si=tE1hLacceeb3LafF

Choosing the right cable is key.

Just like you wouldn’t wear high heels for a marathon, different PROFIBUS DP cables are made for specific situations—some resist rain, sunlight, or constant movement. Picking the right one is crucial.

And remember, connectors are like laces—they need to fit the cable!

Think you know your industrial automation? Test your knowledge in this quick quiz and see if you're up to speed! Ready for the challenge?