ANTI DRUGS

ANCIENT AFRICAN KINGS OF INDIA






Ethiopians have had very intimate relations with Indians. In fact, in antiquity the Ethiopians ruled much of India. These Ethiopians were called the Naga. It was the Naga who created Sanskrit.
A reading of ancient Dravidian literature which dates back to 500 BCE, gives us considerable information on the Naga. In Indian tradition the Naga won central India from the Villavar (bowmen) and Minavar (fishermen).

The Naga were great seamen who ruled much of India, Sri Lanka and Burma. To the A***ns they described as half man and snake. The Tamil knew them as warlike people who used the bow and noose.

The earliest mention of the Naga, appear in the Ramayana , they are also mentioned in the Mahabharata. In the Mahabharata we discover that the Naga had the capital city in the Dekkan, and other cities spread between the Jumna and Ganges as early as 1300 BCE. The Dravidian classic, the Chilappathikaran made it clear that the first great kingdom of India was Naganadu.

The Naga probably came from Kush-Punt/Ethiopia. The Puntites were the greatest sailors of the ancient world. In the Egyptian inscriptions there is mention of the Puntite ports of Outculit, Hamesu and Tekaru, which corresponds to Adulis, Hamasen and Tigre.
In Sumerian text, it is claimed that the Puntites traded with the people of the Indus Valley or Dilmun. According to S.N. Kramer in The Sumerians, part of Punt was probably called Meluhha, and Dilmun was probably the ancient name of the Indus Valley. (Today some scholars maintain that Oman, where we find no ancient cities was Dilmun and the Indus Valley may have been Meluhha).

Ancient Ethiopian traditions support the rule of Puntites or Ethiopians of India. In the Kebra Nagast, we find mention of the Arwe kings who ruled India. The founder of the dynasty was Za Besi Angabo. This dynasty according to the Kebra Nagast began around 1370 BC.

These rulers of India and Ethiopia were called Nagas. The Kebra Nagast claims that ” Queen Makeda “had servants and merchants; they traded for her at sea and on land in the Indies and Aswan”. It also says that her son Ebna Hakim or Menelik I, made a campaign in the Indian Sea; the king of India made gifts and donations and prostrated himself before him”.

It is also said that Menalik ruled an empire that extended from the rivers of Egypt (Blue Nile) to the west and from the south Shoa to eastern India”, according to the Kebra Nagast. The Kebra Nagast identification of an eastern Indian empre ruled by the Naga, corresponds to the Naga colonies in the Dekkan, and on the East coast between the Kaviri and Vaigai rivers.

The presence of Meluhhaites/ Puntites in India may expain the Greek tradition of Kusites ruling India up to the Ganges. It would also explain the A***n traditions of Mlechchas ( Sanskrit name for some of the non-A***n people) as one of the aboriginal groups of India. Many scholars associate the name Mlechchas with Meluhha.

The major Naga tribes were the Maravar, Eyinar, Oliyar, Oviyar, Aru-Valur and Parathavar. The Nagas resisted the invansion of the Cholas. In the Kalittokai IV,1-5, the Naga are described as being “of strong limbs and hardy frames and fierce looking tigers wearing long and curled locks of hair.” The Naga kings of Sri Lanka are mentioned in the: Mahawanso, and are said to have later become Dravidians, as testified to by the names of these people: Naganathan, Nagaratnam, Nagaraja and etc.

The major gift of the Naga to India was the writing system: Nagari. Nagari is the name for the Sanskrit script. Over a hundred years ago Sir William Jones, pointed out that the ancient Ethiopic and Sanskrit writing are one and the same.
William Jones, explained that the Ethiopian origin of Sanskrit was supported by the fact that both writing systems the writing went from left to right and the vowels were annexed to the consonants. Today Eurocentric scholars teach that Indians taught writing to the Ethiopians, yet the name Nagari for Sanskrit betrays the Ethiopia origin of this form of writing. Moreover, it is interesting to note that Sanskrit vowels: a,aa,’,I,u,e,o, virama etc., are in the same order as Geez.

The Ethiopian script has influenced many other writing systems. Y.M. Kobishnor, in the Unesco History of Africa, maintains that Ethiopic was used as the model for Armenian writing, as was many of the Transcaucasian scripts. Dravidian literature indicate that the Naga may have introduced worship of Kali, the Serpent, Murugan and the Sun or Krishna. It is interesting to note that a god called Murugan is worshipped by many people in East Africa.

It is interesting that Krishna, who was associated with the Sun, means Black, this is analogous to the meaning of Khons of the Kush*tes. Homer, described Hercules as follows: “Black he stood as night his bow uncased, his arrow string for flight”. This mention of arrows identifies the Kush*tes as warriors who used the bow, a common weapon of the Kush*tes and the Naga.

 Kumarinadu

The Naga or Ethiopians were defeated by Dravidian speaking people from Kumarinadu. Kamarinadu is suppose to have formerly existed as a large Island in the India ocean which connected India with East Africa. This landmass is mentioned in the Silappadikaram, which said that Kamarinadu was made up of seven nadus or regions. The Dravidian scholars Adiyarkunallar and Nachinaar wrote about the ancient principalities of Tamilaham, which existed on Kamarinadu.

Kumarinadu was ruled by the Pandyans/Pandians at Madurai before it sunk beneath the sea. The greatest king of Kumarinadu was Sengoon.
According to Dravidian scholars the Pandyans worshipped the goddess Kumari Amman. This Amman, probably corresponds to the ancient god Amon of the Kush*tes.

The Kalittokai 104, makes it clear that after the Pandyans were forced to migrate off their Island home into South India, “to compensate for the area lost to the great waves of the sea, King Pandia without tiresome moved to the other countries and won them. Removing the emblems of tiger (Cholas) and bow (Cheras) he, in their place inscribed his reputed emblem fish (Pandia’s) and valiantly made his enemies bow to him”.

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Best Message by President Kagame For Africa






I would like to thank Rwandans for the resilience displayed throughout the past year.

We turned the corner on some difficult challenges, such as the Covid pandemic.

We launched the second phase of the Economic Recovery Fund to continue supporting Rwandan businesses, and our economy grew even stronger in the third quarter of the year.

With the participation of all Rwandans, we also hosted a successful CHOGM and other important events.

In 2023, we will be one year away from completing our seven-year Government Programme, the National Strategy for Transformation.

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Good progress has been made, but it will require discipline, consistency, and concerted effort, to reach our targets on time.

Our country is stronger, and that is due to the unity and hard work of Rwandans.

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For 2023, above all, we are looking forward to a year of peace and security in our region, where we can consolidate our development gains, and make faster progress.

All of us in the region, and our international partners, need to work together to implement the lasting solutions which have been evading us for the last two and a half decades.

There are regional initiatives underway, led by the President of Angola – President Lourenço, the President of Burundi – President Ndayishimiye, and the former President of Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta,

I thank these leaders, as well as the Heads of State of the East African Community, for the crucial work they are undertaking, which Rwanda fully supports.

We also commend them for agreeing to deploy a force to help stabilise eastern Congo.

However, these efforts will not bear fruit, unless the unhelpful approach of the international community changes significantly.

It is disappointing that the international community pays lip service to peace, and actually ends up complicating matters, which undermines the regional processes.

After spending tens of billions of dollars on peacekeeping over the past two decades, the security situation in eastern Congo is worse than ever.

To explain this failure, some in the international community blame Rwanda, even though they know very well that the true responsibility lies primarily with the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo, as well as with these external actors who refuse to address the root causes of the problem – nowhere else.

This is a very expensive lie, which makes no logical sense.

They speak the truth only in whispers, afraid to displease the Congolese government, and compromise their own interests, but in fact, they embolden leaders of the DRC to take more and more drastic steps to consolidate its populist base, in the process hurting their own people.

Even though the United Nations Group of Experts documents the collaboration between the Congolese army and the FDLR, and other militias, not to mention the alarming rise in hate speech, these items are virtually ignored as if they are of no consequence.

This attitude is shocking, but not surprising, given what Rwandans know and saw in our region in the 1990s.

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Of course, we are directly affected when the remnants of the militias that committed genocide in Rwanda become auxiliary forces of the DRC army and conduct attacks across our border.

No country can accept this.

Rwanda will never accept this as normal, and will always respond appropriately, because our security and stability, are paramount.

We could not have learned better from our history.

There are more than a hundred armed groups flourishing in eastern Congo, including Rwandan genocidaires militia like the FDLR.

These groups create constant insecurity for civilians in DRC, and in Rwanda.

The reason this situation prevails is because DRC is unwilling or unable to govern its territory.

Should Rwanda be the one to bear the dysfunction of this immense country?

The situation of the Congolese refugees, whose very right to nationality is denied by their home country, is a case in point.

It is not just a question of ‘hate speech’, but of active persecution, over decades.

Rwanda is among the countries in East Africa which have hosted hundreds of thousands of Congolese refugees, for decades.

We have more than 70,000 registered in Rwanda alone. And new refugees continue to arrive, even now.

Yet the international community effectively pretends that these people do not exist, or that they don’t know what causes them to be refugees in the first place.

The policy seems to be for them to remain in Rwanda indefinitely, which only serves to whitewash the lie that they are actually Rwandans who deserved to be expelled.

This is an international problem and it requires an international solution, because the unresolved political issues which cause these armed groups to keep coming up, and which underlie the hate speech we keep seeing, are the same.

Rwanda will not accept to bear the burden for the DRC’s responsibilities. We have enough burdens of our own to bear, and we shall do so as effectively as we can.

The conditions for Congolese refugees to return home in safety and dignity must be established.

In any case, Rwanda will not stop them from going home, in any way they choose.

We also have Burundian refugees in Rwanda. The Government of Burundi is making efforts to reassure these refugees, that it is safe to return to their country, including visiting the refugee camps. As a result, many have returned.

This is the right thing to do. It shows that this problem can be solved if the political will can be found.

I wanted to convey these points clearly so that we as Rwandans understand the current situation, and so our partners and friends around the world know where we stand.

At the same time, it’s important to expose the so-called Africa experts and policy-makers, wherever they come from, who have peddled lies, and created confusion about Rwanda and this region.

I want to assure Rwandans, that our country will continue to be safe and secure in 2023. There is no doubt about that.

And I believe that, with continued implementation of the decisions of the regional Luanda and Nairobi processes, we can address this issue, bearing in mind that Congo is our neighbour, and we will always live side by side.

And, in due course, I believe that our common future, for all of us in East Africa and the Great Lakes Region, will be a prosperous and secure one.

We will keep working towards that.

To all Rwandans, I want to thank you for your hard work and dedication to our nation.

Let’s keep this spirit in 2023, and beyond.

I wish you and your loved ones, a Successful and Happy New Year.

We also take the opportunity to wish our brothers and sisters in the region, a very Happy New Year!

God bless us all.

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