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Headache:

It’s one of the main symptoms responsible for health facility visits usually. Headache itself is not a disease but a manifestation of a range of disease processes in the body. It being a disorder of its own is a diagnosis of exclusion by carrying out relevant investigations.

Headache Can Be Classified As;
• Cluster headaches

• Migraine headaches mainly; can also be classified based on their location i.e. frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, and diffuse headaches.

Causes of Headache Can Be:
• Medical, associated with medical illnesses like malaria, typhoid, arthritis, meningitis, hypertension, sinusitis, common cold, dental infections, ear nose and throat infections, anemia Etc
• Surgical causes like head injuries, brain abscesses, brain aneurysms, brain masses, high intracranial pressure. Etc
• Metabolic disorders like hypoglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance. Etc Eye and sight disorders like myopia, hyper myopia, glaucoma, eye strains over phone, television, dim lights, too much bright light. Etc
• Psychiatric disorders like general anxiety disorders, acute stress reactions. Etc
• Drugs/substance abuse, some medicinal products have headaches as their side effects. Substances like alcohol, ma*****na, opioids, to***co, other substances of abuse

Management:
This involves excluding potential medical, surgical, metabolic, psychiatric, drug causes of headache by carrying out relevant lab investigations and imaging where necessary. For headaches not associated with any medical, surgical, psychiatric, metabolic disorder. Adequate analgesia is the main pharmacologic treatment also low dose antihypertensive could be added But also consult us, medical workers, before any medication.

Dizziness:

The sensation of being lightheaded, woozy, or unbalanced is dizziness. It affects the sensory organs, especially the eyes which ears, and may cause fainting in certain people. Dizziness is a symptom of a variety of diseases, not an illness. Dizziness is a symptom of a problem with visual orientation. While a dizzy spell does not necessarily signify a life-threatening illness, it can be frightening. Dizziness may be a sign of something more sinister, such as a stroke or cardiovascular issues. And if dizziness isn't the cause of a crash, it can be dangerous.


Origins Of Dizziness:


Dizziness can be caused by both vertigo and disequilibrium, although the two words refer to different symptoms. Vertigo is a swirling feeling that makes you feel as though the world is spinning.

It might even make you feel dizzy or as though you're bending on one side. A lack of harmony or equilibrium is referred to as disequilibrium. True dizziness is the sensation of being lightheaded or on the verge of fainting.

Dizziness is fairly normal, although the root cause is normally not life-threatening. Dizziness on occasion is nothing to be concerned with. However, if you're having dizzy spells for no particular cause or for an extended period of time, you can see a doctor right away.


Causes of Dizziness:


A migraine, narcotics, and alcohol are also common sources of dizziness. A problem in the inner ear, which regulates equilibrium, may also trigger it.

Vertigo is often accompanied by dizziness. Benign positional vertigo is the most frequent form of vertigo and vertigo-related dizziness (BPV). When someone switches places suddenly, such as waking up in bed after lying down, this triggers short-term dizziness.

Meniere's disease can also lead to dizziness and vertigo. This results in ear fullness, hearing loss, and tinnitus as fluid builds up in the ear. An auditory neuroma is another cause of dizziness and vertigo. This is a benign tumor that develops on the skin.


Some other possible causes of dizziness include:


• sudden drop in blood pressure
• heart muscle disease
• decrease in blood volume
• anxiety disorders
• anemia (low iron)
• hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• ear infection
• dehydration
• heat stroke
• excessive exercise
• motion sickness

Symptoms of dizziness


People who are dizzy can experience a variety of sensations, including:

a mistaken sense of spinning unsteadiness lightheadedness or faintness floating or swimming sensation of lack of balance Nausea, vomiting, or fainting are common side effects of dizziness. If you have had these signs for an extended amount of time, seek emergency medical attention. call a doctor about dizziness

If you have dizziness on a regular basis, you can see a doctor. If you have extreme dizziness and other symptoms, call a doctor right away. • a brain injury • a cough • a neck aches • a heavy fever • blurred vision • hearing loss • difficulties breathing • numbness or tingling • eye or mouth droopiness • loss of consciousness • chest pain

These signs and symptoms may signify a severe health condition, so seek medical help as soon as possible.

Sudden onset of dizziness nausea and sweating can be caused by the problem like vertigo, migraine, or low blood pressure. Usually, dizziness with nausea isn't serious.


Treatments For Dizziness:


The root cause of dizziness is the subject of treatment. The source of dizziness can usually be managed with home remedies and medical therapies. Consider the after scenario:

Inner-ear problems should be treated with drugs and balancing exercises done at home. Maneuvers that can help ease symptoms can be used to treat BPV. Surgery could be an alternative for patients whose BPV is uncontrollable. A healthy low-salt diet, intermittent injections, or ear surgery are all options for treating Meniere's disease. Medication and dietary improvements, such as how to recognize and prevent migraine causes, are used to treat migraines. Anxiety problems should be treated with medication and anxiety-reduction approaches. When dizziness is exacerbated by physical exercise, humidity, or exhaustion, drinking lots of fluids will aid. Major steps to follow Follow these tips if you have recurrent bouts of dizziness: • When you feel dizzy, sit or lay down quickly and relax until the dizziness passes. This will help you without losing your balance, which could lead to a fall and serious injury. • If required, use a cane or walker for support. • When going up or down the stairs, do use the handrails. • Exercises that promote balance, such as yoga and Tai Chi, are recommended. • Avoid abruptly changing positions or shifting. • If you often feel dizziness without warning, avoid driving a vehicle or using heavy machinery. • Caffeine, ni****ne, and ci******es can both be avoided. Using these drugs can cause or exacerbate dizziness. • Drink at least eight glasses of water a day, get at least seven hours of sleep, and stay away from stress • If you think a drug is causing your dizziness, speak to the doctor about lowering the dosage or going to a different one. • If you have nausea and dizziness, take an over-the-counter drug or meclizine (Antivert) or an antihistamine. Since these drugs can make you drowsy, don't take them if you need to be busy or efficient. • If the dizziness is exacerbated by overheating or vomiting, take a break and drink some water. • If you're worried about the extent or magnitude of your dizziness, see the doctor. How do I avoid falling? Several things can be avoided if you have dizziness or vertigo, including • Driving (until your doctor gives you approval) • Ascending a rope, or standing in high positions. • Going on a walk in the morning. • Walking around in high-heeled heels. • Reduce the chance of falling by taking the following steps: • When going up and down steps, do use the handrails • Slowly change places or switch. Get someone to grab onto nearby. • Handgrips can be installed in baths and showers. • Engage in balance-enhancing movements such as tai chi or yoga. • Get rid of any debris on the floor that may cause you to slip, such as throw rugs, loose electrical cords, and stools. Keep an eye out for tiny pets that can get underfoot.

Hearing loss :

Hearing loss can affect one or both ears and can range from mild to severe. There are a variety of causes, and it can strike anyone at any age, but it is most common in people over 60. Hearing loss affects about 16% of adults in the United States, making it twice as common as diabetes or cancer. One out of every five men and one out of every eight women say they have difficulty hearing.

The good news is that there are a variety of options available, such as hearing aids. It's easier to understand how hearing loss affects you or a loved one—and what you can do about it—if you learn more about the symptoms, causes, tests, treatments, and prevention.

Symptoms of hearing loss

Hearing loss Symptoms depend on the type of hearing loss, the cause of the loss, and the severity of the loss. It's common for people with age-related hearing loss to have what's known as high-frequency hearing loss. Higher-pitched sounds like women's voices and birds chirping may be more difficult to hear. Hearing loss, on the other hand, can cause any or all of the following symptoms.:

• Everyday conversation is difficult to comprehend. • The sensation of being able to hear but not comprehending

• Having to turn up the volume on the television or radio

• Frequently asking others to repeat

• Avoidance of previously pleasurable social situations

• After a day of listening to other people, I'm exhausted.

• Increased communication difficulty in noisy situations such as restaurants, boisterous family gatherings, in the car, or group meetings

• Tinnitus is a condition that causes ringing and/or buzzing sounds in the ears.

Types of hearing loss

• A woman has trouble hearing.

• In noisy environments, hearing loss can make it difficult to understand conversations.

There are three main types of hearing loss:

The most common type of hearing loss is sensorineural hearing loss. It is permanent and is caused by a variety of conditions that damage the auditory nerve or tiny hair-like cells in the inner ear. The auditory nerve transmits vital information to the brain about the loudness, pitch, and meaning of sounds. Sensorineural hearing loss affects the majority of adults. Even if the sound or speech is loud enough to hear, sensorineural hearing loss can make it difficult to understand it.

A mechanical problem in the outer or middle ear, or an obstruction in the ear canal, such as earwax, causes conductive hearing loss. It can be permanent, but it's more likely to be temporary and treatable medically. When a person has both sensorineural and conductive hearing loss, they are said to have mixed hearing loss.

Hearing Loss:

Hearing loss can be caused by a variety of factors. It could be inherited or simply a natural part of the aging process. A loud noise, an infection, the effects of toxins, or an injury can all cause it. The good news is that most types of hearing loss can be successfully corrected. Learn about the most common causes of hearing loss and what you can do to avoid them.

Causes of Hearing Loss:

The most common threats to your hearing – and how to protect yourself from them At work, there is a lot of noise. Noise levels should not be higher than 85 decibels. If it's higher, try to lower the volume or wear earplugs. Even simple noise-reducing measures like carpeting or wallcoverings can help reduce noise pollution inside rooms.

Reduce the volume of your television, radio, or stereo as much as possible. Where headphones are worn, such as with mobile MP3 players (» read more about Mp3 Players and Hearing Damage), extra caution is required. Sound systems in cars are frequently turned up too loud to compete with engine and traffic noise, which can dangerously increase the amount of noise to which your ears are exposed.

Concerts and discos:

Earplugs are required in some countries when attending concerts or clubs. While it would be preferable to turn the volume down to a more reasonable level, this isn't always possible in these settings. As a result, always use the earplugs provided or bring your ear protection.

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