HiloTuina by Emilyn Holland

Paul Middleton

Trigger Point Therapy - Rotator Cuff Injuries Pelvic, Trunk, and Scapula stability need to be secure to prevent common rotator cuff injuries A survey of one year (2006) showed that over 7.5 million people visited their doctor for a shoulder problem, including shoulder and upper arm sprains and strains. More than half of these visits (4.1 millio...

🔈 ELBOW SPRAIN

An elbow sprain occurs when the elbow ligaments are stretched and partly torn. A ruptured ligament can cause instability in the affected area.

The ligament sprains are graded: A Grade 1 injury is a stretch of the ligaments, Grade 2 is a partial tear and Grade 3 is a complete rupture.

▶️ Signs and Symptoms

Immediate pain will be felt with an elbow sprain and swelling may become noticeable. The greater the pain and swelling often the longer the healing process will take.

With a mild sprain the elbow will become tender and stiffen. A greater sprain will cause the skin of the affected area to become red, while the elbow will experience tenderness, warmth and bruising.

A severe elbow sprain will cause heightened pain and limit ability to move the elbow.

Instability of the elbow occurs if it dislocates which can result in deformity of the elbow. This requires urgent reduction of the joint to prevent further damage.

▶️ Treatment – non-operative

There are a number of non-surgical treatments that can be applied to an elbow sprain including rest, ice, pain-relieving medication and bandage support.

Rest
The affected elbow should avoid activity that could provoke pain or increase stress.

Ice
An ice pack can be applied for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce pain and swelling. If the elbow becomes excessively swollen recovery will be longer.

Pain-relieving medication
Tablets and creams applied to the skin will help relieve pain.

Bandage Support
Firm bandaging, plaster, sling or a brace protects and restricts the injured elbow keeping it comfortable and ensuring a quicker healing process. However limiting movement beyond two weeks following injury should be avoided to prevent permanent stiffness.

▶️ Recovery
Elbow sprains of a Grade 1 and Grade 2 nature will eventually settle after a few weeks with physical activity to be avoided during that period. A Grade 3 sprain may take up to three months to heal.

An exercise program should be implemented to help restore flexibility range of motion and strength in the elbow.

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ANATOMY OF FEMORAL TRIANGLE

The femoral triangle, a subfascial formation, is a triangular landmark useful in dissection and in understanding relationships in the groin. In living people, it appears as a triangular depression inferior to the inguinal ligament when the thigh is flexed, abducted and laterally rotated. The femoral triangle is bounded.

Surface anatomy of femoral triangle

A. Surface anatomy
B. Underlying structures

✅ Superiorly by the inguinal ligament that forms the base of the femoral triangle
✅ Medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus
✅ Laterally by the sartorius

The muscular floor of the femoral triangle is formed by the iliopsoas laterally and the pectineus medially. The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by the fascia lata and cribriform fascia, subcutaneus tissue and skin.

The inguinal ligament actually serves as a flexor retinaculum, retaining structures that pass anterior to the hip joint against the joint during flexion of the thigh. Deep to the inguinal ligament, the retro-inguinal space is an important passageway connecting the trunk/abdominopelvic cavity to the lower limb.

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