NParks

NParks

We are dedicated to transforming Singapore into a City in Nature. Such posts or comments will be removed. Please submit feedback via www.nparks.gov.sg/feedback.

The National Parks Board (NParks) is responsible for enhancing and managing the urban ecosystems of our City in Nature. We are the lead agency for greenery, biodiversity conservation, and wildlife and animal health, welfare and management. We are also working closely with the community to enhance the quality of our living environment. NParks manages some 400 parks, 3,347 hectares of nature reserve

Photos from NParks's post 03/09/2024

[Opening of Bidadari Park]

Looking for a new spot to spend some quality time with your friends and family? Look no further, as Bidadari Park has opened! 🎊

Bidadari residents and the community can now enjoy a park located right in the heart of the Bidadari estate.♥ Set amidst a lush and hilly landscape, Bidadari Park features a variety of habitats including woodlands, open woods, grasslands, and marshlands!

It serves as a sanctuary for resident and migratory birds 🐦🦅 and features a wide variety of recreational options for park visitors, including:
🌺🌳 Immersing in greenery and nature
👀 Learning more about Bidadari’s heritage
🏃🏻‍♀️🏃🏻‍♂️ Engaging in exploration and play

The result of a multi-agency collaboration by NParks together with Housing & Development Board, PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency and National Heritage Board, Bidadari Park provides a peaceful retreat for the community right at their doorstep.

Click on the images to discover more about the park!

Find out more about Bidadari Park here: https://go.gov.sg/bidadaripark

01/09/2024

[Cat Management Framework]

The Cat Management Framework kicks in today!

All pet cats will need to be licensed and microchipped, as part of the Cat Management Framework by the Animal & Veterinary Service (AVS). This will help enhance traceability, as well as safeguard the health and welfare of all cats in Singapore.

Here’s a step-by-step guide on what to do as a cat owner during the 2-year transition period from 1 September 2024 to 31 August 2026:

1) Get your cat microchipped by a vet.

2) Complete the free online pet ownership course, which is mandatory for first-time cat and dog licence applicants, on https://go.gov.sg/po-course.

3) Apply for the cat licence on Pet Animal Licensing System (PALS) using your cat’s microchip number, on https://go.gov.sg/cat-licensing.

4) Keep ✨ ALL ✨ your existing pet cats, as long as you ensure that their health and welfare are taken care of. This includes installing mesh and grilles on your windows and gates, not allowing your cats to roam freely, and using a harness or cat carrier when in public. Remember, pet abandonment is an offence!

For more information on the Cat Management Framework, visit https://go.gov.sg/cat-framework.

Photos from NParks's post 31/08/2024

[Enhancing habitats and connectivity at Clementi Nature Corridor]

We had shared plans for a new recreational green network at Clementi Nature Corridor that includes Clementi Nature Trail, Old Jurong Line Nature Trail and Jurong Town Hall Park Connector in July 2021, and we are happy to share some updates. 🌳

To inform the plans and ensure that enhancement works are carried out sensitively, we carried out Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for the nature trail along Clementi Forest Stream and part of Bukit Timah First Diversion Canal. The EIA findings indicate that the predicted impacts can be mitigated to ‘minor impact’ or less, and we will implement mitigation measures throughout the project period. The EIA reports are now available for public viewing and feedback until 1 October. More info is available at https://go.gov.sg/nparks-env-studies

We are also starting works for the Old Jurong Line Nature Trail next year to allow the public to experience the old rail line. The first phase of development will be between Jurong Town Hall Park Connector and Ulu Pandan Park Connector. It will include a new community node with a nature playgarden, seating areas, and the remnant train tracks that families can enjoy!

Later in September, the new Jurong Town Hall Park Connector which runs along Jurong Town Hall Road and Ayer Rajah Expressway will also open! This will provide a direct connection between the Rail Corridor and Jurong Lake Gardens, so residents in the nearby estates can enjoy a more seamless experience.

Altogether, these routes will enhance connectivity and accessibility for the public to enjoy our green spaces while conserving and enhancing the habitats and biodiversity. We hope that you are looking forward to these enhancements as much as we are! 🥾🏕

Photos from NParks's post 30/08/2024

that some plants don’t need to grow in pots or garden beds? 🤔

Aquatic plants grow in water and are important for water bodies in Singapore such as ponds, streams, swamps, and mangroves. These plants are key to attracting biodiversity to these habitats, and to maintaining thriving ecosystems.

🪷 Aquatic plants help to prevent algal blooms through absorbing excess nutrients? They also provide shade to keep water bodies cool and hold more dissolved oxygen for wildlife such as shrimp and fish. 🌱🦐🐟

There is a wide variety of aquatic plants that include trees and shrubs that tolerate waterlogged soil, emergent plants, floaters, submerged plants, and floating-leaf plants. Scroll through these photos to find out more about such amazing flora!

29/08/2024

[Community in Bloom Awards 2024 – Garden of the Year Awards]

The Community in Bloom (CIB) Awards recognise excellence in gardening efforts by community groups. It aims to encourage community gardeners to improve the standards of their gardens while they continue to enjoy gardening as a fun hobby. 👩🌾🏡

In this video, take a look at 10 outstanding community gardens that received the Garden of the Year Awards (GOYA) at the CIB Awards 2024! These exceptional gardens displayed horticultural and design excellence, outstanding community engagement, and a high level of biodiversity and sustainability efforts. 🏆🍃

Check out the results for the Top 50 CIB Gardens and GOYA at https://go.gov.sg/cibawards

For more information about CIB, visit www.nparks.gov.sg/cib

Photos from NParks's post 28/08/2024

[Lights by the Lake 2024]

Prepare to be enchanted by the lantern displays at Lights by the Lake 2024! 🏮

Here's a sneak peek! Can you guess the Chinese legends that inspired some of these lanterns? One of them involves a white reptile... 🐸

In addition to the lanterns, the beloved lantern riddles are back this year, happening on weekday evenings. Challenge your friends and family to these brain teasers! 🧠 Alternatively, indulge in a free movie screening featuring films like Kung Fu Panda 4 and Pacific Rim Uprising. Stay tuned for more movie reveals!

Don’t miss the roving art exhibition brought to you by the National Gallery Singapore. Unleash your creativity and create your own masterpiece using mooncake stamps to decorate your very own paper fan!

📸 While you’re here, capture the magic and stand the chance to win attractive prizes, such as vouchers worth up to S$100! Find out more about the photo contests on our website or the Lights by the Lake event page.

Join us for a 15-day long celebration of the Mid-Autumn Festival! 🎉

Lights by the Lake 2024
📅: 8 – 22 September 2024
⏰: 6:30pm – 10pm daily
📍: Jurong Lake Gardens
📎: www.go.gov.sg/lbtl-2024

Lights by the Lake 2024 is organised by National Parks Board, with special thanks to our event partners, A-Smart Media Pte Ltd, AUX Media Pte. Ltd, Nanyang Inc., Music & Drama Company, People’s Association, National Arts Council and South West Community Development Council.

Photos from NParks's post 27/08/2024

Spending time in nature has many health benefits, such as relieving mental fatigue and improving emotional well-being. 🧘‍♀️

For pet owners, outdoor time is essential for dogs’ physical exercise and mental stimulation too! Here’s your sign to bring your furry friends down to a dog run near you! 🐕

Time to explore some of our various parks across Singapore that have dog runs catered for your pets including Tiong Bahru Park, Sembawang Park, Clementi Woods Park, and Bedok Town Park!

Check out more parks and green spaces to have fun with dogs, as well as etiquette for dog parents at https://go.gov.sg/funwithyourdogs

Photos from NParks's post 25/08/2024

[Opening of extension to Geylang Park Connector]

A new extension to Geylang Park Connector has opened! This 1.2km extension runs along the northern bank of Geylang River from Mountbatten Road to the Singapore Indoor Stadium, and enhances connectivity in the area for residents, park visitors and cyclists.

Look out for naturalistic and layered planting in two main areas – along Jalan Benaan Kapal and adjacent to the Singapore Indoor Stadium. Over 60 species have been planted along the extension, including riverine trees and a range of butterfly- and bird-attracting shrubs.

Enhancing the greenery in our urban landscape is part of our efforts to make Singapore a City in Nature. The lush planting not only offers people a visual treat, but also provides food for pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

The new extension is accessible from Mountbatten Road, Jalan Benaan Kepal, and the Singapore Indoor Stadium.

Photos from NParks's post 24/08/2024

[September Holiday Programmes at Singapore Botanic Gardens]

The September school holiday season is just around the corner! Why not head over to the Singapore Botanic Gardens for a day of learning and fun in nature? 😊

From immersive storytelling and DIY sessions to make mini drawstring bags, to a scavenger hunt with limited-edition pins to be won, click on to find out more about the unique experiences that you can enjoy with your young ones.

Check out the full list of programmes at: https://go.gov.sg/sbg-sep-holiday

Photos from NParks's post 23/08/2024

[Festival at the Fort 2024]

Join us at Festival at the Fort 2024, held in conjunction with the Singapore Night Festival, happening from today until 7 Sep!

Look forward to a wide range of fun night activities and programmes across 3️⃣ weekends! There will be family-friendly scavenger hunts, puppetry skits, crotchet sessions, and craft activities. ✨

While you’re there, check out ‘Looking Around’ – an immersive installation at Fort Canning Centre showcasing the beauty of Fort Canning Park through soundscapes and shadowplay! 🤩

📆: 23-24 Aug, 30-31 Aug, and 6-7 Sep 2024
⏰: 6pm – 9.30pm
📍: Fort Canning Park
🔗: https://go.gov.sg/festivalatthefort2024

Photos from NParks's post 22/08/2024

[New Dog Training Standards Workgroup]

Love your pet dog? We do too! That’s why the Animal & Veterinary Service (AVS), together with SPCA Singapore, has formed a new Dog Training Standards Workgroup that aims to raise standards of the dog training industry in Singapore! 🐶

Comprising professionals in the sector, such as dog trainers, veterinarians, animal welfare groups and working dog units, the Workgroup will look at:
✅ Raising public awareness and encouraging the adoption of the Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive (LIMA) dog training approach
✅ Reviewing the use of various training devices, including shock and prong collars
✅ Developing regulatory frameworks for the use of such training devices

The formation of the Workgroup is part of our efforts to ensure that we come up with a well-informed, effective and feasible regulatory framework regarding the use of dog training devices.

Click on the following images to find out more about the Workgroup and the LIMA training approach!

Photos from NParks's post 21/08/2024

[Lights by the Lake 2024]

We are just a few weeks away from the start of Lights by the Lake 2024! Here’s what we have in store for you. 🤩

In support of the President’s Challenge 2024, there will be several fun activity booths, where you can purchase unique 3D-printed souvenirs, floating water lanterns, or solar-powered tulips. 🌷 There will also be photo opportunities with various fantastical backdrops!

For the arts and culture lovers, look forward to amazing showcases put up by the talented students from Yuan Ching Secondary School, as well as performances by Music and Dance Company and our local buskers. There will also be craft workshops held at PAssion Wave, alongside water activities and nature walks.

🚶‍♀️ Join our local filmmaker Jack Neo on his ‘Lao Peng You Pa Pa Zao Walk’ happening on Sat, 21 Sep. Stay tuned to find out which of his iconic movies will be screened! 👀

The President’s Challenge 2024 programme is jointly organised by National Parks Board, South West Community Development Council (South West CDC), and A-Smart Media Pte Ltd. All proceeds from the sale of items at activity booths will go to the President’s Challenge Charity Fund.

Lights by the Lake 2024
📅: 8 – 22 September 2024
⏰: 6:30pm – 10pm daily
📍: Jurong Lake Gardens
📎: www.go.gov.sg/lbtl-2024

Photos from NParks's post 20/08/2024

Here’s to a beautiful week ahead. Check out the pretty pink, yellow, and white hues from the Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea sp.), Trumpet Tree (Tabebuia rosea), Golden Bells (Tecoma stans), and Scented Daphne (Phaleria clerodendron) flowering in our parks and streetscapes! 🌸🌼

The flowering of Trumpet Trees is typically triggered by heavy rains after a long hot and dry spell – usually between March and April, and again between August and September.

Have you noticed other brilliant blooms in our City in Nature? Share your pictures with us below so that we can see them! 📸

Photos from NParks's post 18/08/2024

Every snapshot captures a unique story, a fleeting moment frozen in time, and a glimpse into different perspectives.

World Photography Day happens tomorrow, and let’s honour the creativity and passion of avid photographers from our community who share nature’s beauty in our City in Nature! 📸🌿

Whether you love birds, flowers, sunsets or your family, there are plenty of opportunities to capture the perfect shot at our parks. Tag your photos with for a chance to be featured on our Instagram page! https://instagram.com/nparksbuzz

Check out more photography ideas here: https://go.gov.sg/parks-photography

Photos from NParks's post 16/08/2024

[NParks Concert Series in the Park: Rockestra®]

🎵 Get ready for the 21st edition of the NParks Concert Series in the Park: Rockestra®!

Music lovers, you’re in for a treat! Held as part of Lights by the Lake 2024, the concert is themed ‘Moonlit Melodies’ and will feature a spectacular line-up of local artistes performing a selection of popular Mandarin and English songs.

Celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival with us and rock out with Yokez 叶玉棂, The JumpStart, and Juni and Khim from the Music & Drama Company! 💃

NParks Concert Series in the Park: Rockestra®
📅: 14 Sep 2024, Sat
⏰: 6:30pm till late
📍: The Oval, Lakeside Garden

Photos from NParks's post 15/08/2024

Have you been feeling stressed? This is your sign to take some time to unwind 😉 Take a deep breath and let go of your worries on Relaxation Day! 🌿🧘

With over 400 parks across Singapore, there are plenty of options near every household to head over for a quick respite of fresh air!

Click on to find out more about just three of them – Springleaf Nature Park, Woodlands Healing Garden, and Sembawang Hot Spring Park! 🍃

Photos from NParks's post 14/08/2024

Lizards are fascinating cold-blooded reptiles that rely on external sources to maintain their body temperature. That’s why you often see them basking in the sun to warm up! 🌞

They also play a crucial ecological role in our City in Nature by controlling prey populations such as insects while serving as food to larger predators. This helps to keep our habitats clean as they act as natural pest controllers!

On this World Lizard Day, let’s learn about a few native lizards in Singapore such as the Green Crested Lizard, Common Gliding Lizard, and Black-barbed Flying Dragon! 🦎

13/08/2024

[Singapore Garden Festival 2024]

And… it’s a wrap! We certainly had a great time at the Singapore Garden Festival
(SGF) from 3 to 11 August 2024 at Suntec Singapore Convention & Exhibition Centre (Levels 4 and 6) which was abuzz with a dazzling showcase of floral and horticulture excellence! 💐✨

The celebration of local and international floral artistry included awe-inspiring fantasy and landscape creations from the Best of Show Designer Gardens, Balcony Gardens and Floral Table-top competitions, and a refreshed Floral Windows to the World Championship with 16 participants from around the world competing in front of a live audience!

SGF also championed community engagement with over 200 participants from 40 Community in Bloom (CIB) gardening groups at the Singapore Gardeners’ Cup. Our youth also showcased their talents with Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) at the Landscape Design Challenge, and Floral Harmony competition led by Qihua Primary School.

We hope that you were also mesmerised with the stunning displays from many other community groups including the Singapore Gardening Society, Ikebana International Singapore Chapter 135, Singapore Penjing and Stone Appreciation Society, a photo exhibition by Holdinghands Studio, and even a floral fashion showcase by ITE College!

Stay updated on the latest info at https://sgf.nparks.gov.sg as well as the Singapore Garden Festival page!

Photos from NParks's post 12/08/2024

[Lights by the Lake 2024]

Lights by the Lake is back this year with a captivating gala of lights, music, and culinary delights at Jurong Lake Gardens from 8 to 22 September! 🏮🌙

Soak in the Mid-Autumn festivities and be awed by the lantern displays that beautifully showcase the biodiversity and cultural heritage of the Mid-Autumn celebrations. There will also be light and projection mapping shows that highlight the iconic structures within the Gardens!

Alongside the enchanting lantern displays, look forward to a variety of cultural performances as well as a delectable selection of street food. Round off your experience with some excitement and laughter at the carnival games and rides! 🎠

To take things up a notch... our crowd-favourite NParks Concert Series in the Park: Rockestra® will make its return on Sat, 14 Sep! Themed ‘Moonlit Melodies’, get ready to sing and dance the night away to hit songs with our incredible line-up of local artistes.

Make a date with us this Mid-Autumn Festival and experience Jurong Lake Gardens like never before! 😉

Lights by the Lake 2024
📅: 8 – 22 Sep 2024
⏰: 6:30pm – 10pm daily
📍: Jurong Lake Gardens
📎: www.go.gov.sg/lbtl-2024

11/08/2024

[Progress of Oil Spill Clean-up Operations]

We’re glad to share that NEA has completed the cleaning of all the beachfronts at East Coast Park, and the beaches have all reopened!

While it is safe to access the beachfront and engage in non-primary contact water sports, the public is advised against swimming and primary contact water activities such as wakeboarding and stand-up paddling in the beach waters.

We would like to thank all of the volunteers who have helped with the clean up efforts.

For the latest updates, visit beta.nparks.gov.sg/noticeboard

Photos from Singapore Garden Festival's post 11/08/2024

If you’ve been having a great time at the Singapore Garden Festival (SGF), we want to see it! Here are some of the lovely snaps taken by SGF visitors over the past week. 😄

The vibrant landscape and fantasy garden displays by award-winning local and international designers are beautiful backdrops for your IG-worthy shots! 📸🌸✨

Capture picture-perfect moments with your family and friends, and grab a date to visit SGF this weekend!

Singapore Garden Festival
🗓: 3-11 August 2024
📍: Suntec Singapore Convention and Exhibition Centre, Levels 6 and 4
🔗: Secure your tickets at https://go.gov.sg/sistic-sgf2024

Stay updated on the latest info at https://sgf.nparks.gov.sg as well as the Singapore Garden Festival page!

Photos from NParks's post 11/08/2024

[Singapore Garden Festival 2024]

It’s the final day of the Singapore Garden Festival (SGF)! After a fun day of viewing the amazing floral creations across Levels 4 and 6 of Suntec Singapore Convention and Exhibition Centre, how about bringing home a piece of the Festival as a memento? 😉

With over 70 local and international vendors at the bustling MarketPlace, you’ll be spoilt for choice with an array of unique plants, gardening wares, trinkets, collectibles, and more! 🌱🌵🏵👩‍🌾

Psst… if you’ve already visited SGF and want to visit the MarketPlace again, you can get MarketPlace-only tickets that are available for only S$4! 😉

Singapore Garden Festival
🗓: 3-11 August 2024
📍: Suntec Singapore Convention and Exhibition Centre, Levels 6 and 4
🔗: Secure your tickets at https://go.gov.sg/sistic-sgf2024

Stay updated on the latest info at https://sgf.nparks.gov.sg as well as the Singapore Garden Festival page!

Photos from NParks's post 10/08/2024

[Singapore Garden Festival 2024]

It’s your last chance to catch the Singapore Garden Festival (SGF), Asia’s premier tropical garden and flower show, this weekend! 💐

The Festival promises to captivate with exquisite floral and garden displays by esteemed local and international award-winning designers! Highlights include familiar favourites such as the Best of Show Designer Gardens, a refreshed Floral Windows to the World Championship (FWWC), and the Balcony Garden and Floral Table-Top Competitions.

There are many community highlights to check out too, from the Singapore Gardeners’ Cup, Landscape Design Challenge, International FDSS Cup Floral Designing Competition, to the Penjing and Artistic Stone Exhibition and Competition.

Not forgetting the gorgeous displays by the Singapore Gardening Society, floral fashion by students in ITE college, Learning Garden by City Sprouts, and arrangements by Ikebana International Singapore Chapter 135.

Drop by the ever-popular MarketPlace to shop for gardening essentials, or glean some useful gardening tips at the talks and workshops as part of the daily Stage Programme!

With so much in store, you’re sure to have a lovely time at SGF! 😍

Singapore Garden Festival
🗓: 3-11 August 2024
📍: Suntec Singapore Convention and Exhibition Centre, Levels 6 and 4
🔗: Secure your tickets at https://go.gov.sg/sistic-sgf2024

Stay updated on the latest info at https://sgf.nparks.gov.sg as well as the Singapore Garden Festival page!

Photos from Singapore Garden Festival's post 09/08/2024

Celebrating Singapore’s 59th National Day at the Singapore Garden Festival (SGF)! 🇸🇬🌸

Just a stone’s throw away from the National Day Parade, SGF is held at Suntec Singapore, making it the perfect pitstop for a fun day out amid the festivities.

While you’re here, spot the native plants in the various garden displays! There are also unique plants and orchid hybrids named after or are related to Singapore, from the Singapore Kopsia (Kopsia singapurensis) to Vanda Miss Joaquim (Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim).

Let us know if there are other ‘uniquely Singaporean’ plants that you spotted! 😉

Singapore Garden Festival
🗓: 3-11 August 2024
📍: Suntec Singapore Convention and Exhibition Centre, Levels 6 and 4
🔗: Secure your tickets at https://go.gov.sg/sistic-sgf2024

Stay updated on the latest info at https://sgf.nparks.gov.sg as well as the Singapore Garden Festival page!

Want your organization to be the top-listed Government Service in Singapore?
Click here to claim your Sponsored Listing.

Videos (show all)

Community in Bloom Awards 2024 – Garden of the Year Awards
Singapore Garden Festival 2024
It’s the first weekend of the Singapore Garden Festival (SGF)! With so many things to see and do across two floors at Su...
Singapore Garden Festival Master Series Floristry Demonstrations and Workshops
NParks Portraits | Conserving Endangered Hawksbill Turtles In Singapore
International Day for Biological Diversity 2024
Nature’s Embrace: A Gift to the Mind exhibition
First record of Raffles’ Banded Langur on Eco-Link@BKE
NParks Portraits | Wildlife Rescue & Rehabilitation in Singapore
Mr N. Sivasothi
You’ve Spotted An Animal In Distress, Here’s How To Help
That’s Wild Podcast

Website

https://t.me/nparksbuzz, https://t.me/nparksindustrynews

Address


1 Cluny Road
Singapore
259569

Other Government Organizations in Singapore (show all)
Singapore Civil Defence Force Singapore Civil Defence Force
91 Ubi Avenue 4
Singapore, 408827

Welcome to the official SCDF page. Follow us on IG, TikTok (@myscdf) and LinkedIn (SCDF)

Singapore Police Force Singapore Police Force
28 Irrawaddy Road, New Phoenix Park
Singapore, 329560

Official page of the Singapore Police Force. Please do not report crimes here.

JTC JTC
The JTC Summit, 8 Jurong Town Hall Road
Singapore, 609434

JTC is the government agency championing sustainable industrial development in Singapore.

Commander, Logistics Group Western Pacific, Task Force 73 Commander, Logistics Group Western Pacific, Task Force 73
Sembawang
Singapore

The official page of COMLOG WESTPAC, the logistics agent for U.S. 7th Fleet

Punggol Coral RC Punggol Coral RC
Blk 126D Edgedale Plains #01/324
Singapore, 824126

We are residents staying within Punggol Coral zone who believe in promoting the Kampong spirit there

CNB Drug Free SG CNB Drug Free SG
Blk B, Police Cantonment Complex, 393 New Bridge Road
Singapore, 088763

Welcome to the official page of the Central Narcotics Bureau. Do not report crimes, drug-re

Singapore Economic Development Board - EDB Singapore Economic Development Board - EDB
250 North Bridge Road, Level 28, Raffles City Tower
Singapore, 179101

The Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) is the lead government agency for planning and execut

Visit Japan Now Visit Japan Now
16 Raffles Quay, #15-09 Hong Leong Building
Singapore, 048581

Love Japan? Visit Japan! Welcome to the official page of Japan National Tourism Organization Singapore

Civil Service College International, Singapore Civil Service College International, Singapore
31 North Buona Vista Road
Singapore, 275983

Sharing Singapore’s experience in public reforms and governance

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Careers Ministry of Foreign Affairs Careers
1 Sherwood Road
Singapore, 248163

Greetings from the Singapore MFA Careers Team! Like this page to get the latest updates on our schol

North East Community Development Council North East Community Development Council
1 Tampines Walk #04-31 Our Tampines Hub
Singapore, 528799

We aggregate needs and resources, build capabilities, and connect the communities.

CareersGov CareersGov
100 High Street #07/00
Singapore, 179434

Welcome to Careers@Gov, the gateway to a fulfilling career in the Singapore Public Service. Join us in making a tangible impact and embark on a rewarding journey.